scholarly journals Cellular injury and carcinogenesis. The effect of a protein-free high-carbohydrate diet on the metabolism of dimethylnitrosamine in the rat

1971 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Swann ◽  
A. E. M. McLean
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Cellular Injury ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Kidney Slices ◽  
Protein Free Diet ◽  
Rna And Dna

1. Rats fed on a protein-free high-carbohydrate diet for 7 days metabolized dimethylnitrosamine at only 55% the rate of rats fed on a commercial diet. 2. Dimethylnitrosamine was metabolized by liver slices from rats fed on the protein-free diet at less than half the rate attained by slices from rats fed on a commercial diet. But kidney slices from these rats metabolized dimethylnitrosamine at the same rate as kidney slices from rats on a commercial diet. 3. Methylation by dimethylnitrosamine (70mg/kg body wt.) of N-7 of guanine of the liver RNA and DNA of rats fed on a protein-free diet was only slightly higher than in rats fed on a normal diet given 27mg/kg body wt. In contrast, the methylation by dimethylnitrosamine of guanine in kidney nucleic acids of these rats was three times that in the rats fed on a normal diet. 4. In rats fed on a protein-free diet the incidence of kidney tumours produced by a single dose of dimethylnitrosamine is increased.

scholarly journals Improvement of Obesity and Dyslipidemic Activity of Amomum tsao-ko in C57BL/6 Mice Fed a High-Carbohydrate Diet

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1638
Author(s):  
Ju-Hyoung Park ◽  
Eun-Kyung Ahn ◽  
Min Hee Hwang ◽  
Young Jin Park ◽  
Young-Rak Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Cardiac Risk ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate

Amomum tsao-ko Crevost et Lemaire (Zingiberaceae) is a medicinal herb found in Southeast Asia that is used for the treatment of malaria, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, etc. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an ethanol extract of Amomum tsao-ko (EAT) on obesity and hyperlipidemia in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD). First, the mice were divided into five groups (n = 6/group) as follows: normal diet, HCD, and HCD+EAT (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day), which were orally administered with EAT daily for 84 days. Using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) analysis, we found that EAT inhibited not only body-weight gain, but also visceral fat and subcutaneous fat accumulation. Histological analysis confirmed that EAT decreased the size of fat tissues. EAT consistently improved various indices, including plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, atherogenic index, and cardiac risk factors, which are related to dyslipidemia—a major risk factor for heart disease. The contents of TC and TG, as well as the lipid droplets of HCD-induced hepatic accumulation in the liver tissue, were suppressed by EAT. Taken together, these findings suggest the possibility of developing EAT as a therapeutic agent for improving HCD-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia.

scholarly journals The effect of dietary composition and of insulin on gluconeogenesis in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1977 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Cowey ◽  
M. De La Higuera ◽  
J. W. Adron
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Gluconeogenesis From Alanine

1. The activities at 15° of three gluconeogenic enzymes, d-fructose-1,6-diphosphate, 1-phosphohydrolase (EC 3.1.3.11), pyruvate carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.1) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (4.1.1.32), were determined in liver, kidney, gill and muscle of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) given a commercial diet. The results indicated that liver and kidney are the main sites of gluconeogenesis.2. Glucose formation from pyruvate was approximately 6 μmol/h per g wet weight at 15° in liver slices of trout given a commercial diet.3. Glucose diffusion space in trout was measured by the dilution principle after intravascular injection of a trace dose of [U-14C]glucose. Glucose space was found to be 13.7% of the body-weight. Gluconeogenesis in vivo amounted to approximately 45 μmol/kg body-weight per h.4. Intraperitoneally injected [U-14C]alanine was quickly converted to glucose. Maximal incorporation of alanine into glucose occurred 6 h after alanine administration.5. Rainbow trout given a high-protein diet gained in weight significantly during a 4-week period. Those given a high-carbohydrate diet did not make a significant weight gain over the same period. Gluconeogenesis from alanine was markedly reduced in fish given the high-carbohydrate diet. There was no significant difference in gluconeogenesis from alanine in fish given a high-protein diet and fish which were fasted for 21 d.6. Gluconeogenesis from alanine in trout was suppressed by intravenous injection of insulin. This effect was found both in trout given a high-protein diet and in fasted trout.

The Effect of Diet Manipulations on Aerobic Performance

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-489
Author(s):  
Mark H. Roltsch ◽  
Judith A. Flohr ◽  
Patricia B. Brevard
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Total Daily Energy Expenditure

The purpose of this study was to examine the metabolic consequences of a moderate variation in dietary fat content of male endurance athletes during submaximal exercise. Six males (age, 29.8 ± 11 years; weight, 72.3 ± 10 kg) · with an average maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) of 66 ± 10 ml/kg/min were tested on their normal diet and 3 experimental diets. The energy contributions from protein, carbohydrates, and fats were 16/59/22 (3% alcohol), 14/53/33, 13/72/15, and 16/61/23% for the normal diet (N), fat supplemented diet (F), high carbohydrate diet (C), and adjusted normal diet (AN), respectively. The F diet was designed to significantly increase fat content compared to the normal diet and be easily maintained by the athletes. Caloric content of the F, C, and AN diets were adjusted to meet estimated total daily energy expenditure. The difference between the N and AN diets is that the AN has been adjusted to meet estimated total daily energy expenditure. The diets were randomly assigned after substrate utilization testing on the N diet and were consumed for 7 days prior to testing. Substrate utilization was recorded at steady state (73 ± 1.4% of V̇O2max) while running on a treadmill for 40 min. There were no significant differences in respiratory exchange ratio between any of the dietary manipulations. No significant differences were observed for lactate, V̇O2, or HR during submaximal testing on the N, F, C, and AN diets. These data indicate that a fat supplemented diet did not affect substrate utilization during 40 min of steady-state submaximal exercise when compared to a high carbohydrate diet or the participant’s normal and adjusted normal diets.

ATF4 deficiency protects mice from high-carbohydrate-diet-induced liver steatosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 438 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houkai Li ◽  
Qingshu Meng ◽  
Fei Xiao ◽  
Shanghai Chen ◽  
Ying Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Activating Transcription Factor 4 ◽  
Activating Transcription Factor

Chronic feeding of HCD (high-carbohydrate diet) is one of the major contributors to the prevailing of metabolic diseases. ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4) has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of glucose metabolism and obesity development; however, it is unclear how ATF4−/− mice respond to HCD. In the present study, we show that 8 weeks of HCD results in significant higher accumulation of TAGs (triacylglycerols) in livers and impairment in glucose tolerance in ATF4+/+ mice, but not in ATF4−/− mice, compared with those on a normal diet. Meanwhile, energy expenditure is further enhanced by HCD in ATF4−/− mice. Moreover, we show that ATF4 deficiency suppresses HCD-induced SCD1 (stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1) expression, furthermore, oral supplementation of the main product of SCD1 oleate (18:1) increases TAG accumulation in livers of ATF4−/− mice. Taken together, these results suggest that ATF4 deficiency is protective for HCD-induced hepatic steatosis and impairment of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, the resistance to hepatic steatosis is at least in part due to suppression of SCD1 expression under HCD.

scholarly journals High Carbohydrate Diet Increased Glucose Transporter Protein Levels in Jejunum but Did Not Lead to Enhanced Post-Exercise Skeletal Muscle Glycogen Recovery

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2140
Author(s):  
Yumiko Takahashi ◽  
Yutaka Matsunaga ◽  
Hiroki Yoshida ◽  
Terunaga Shinya ◽  
Ryo Sakaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Glucose Administration ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Glucose Transporter 2

We examined the effect of dietary carbohydrate intake on post-exercise glycogen recovery. Male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were fed moderate-carbohydrate chow (MCHO, 50%cal from carbohydrate) or high-carbohydrate chow (HCHO, 70%cal from carbohydrate) for 10 days. They then ran on a treadmill at 25 m/min for 60 min and administered an oral glucose solution (1.5 mg/g body weight). Compared to the MCHO group, the HCHO group showed significantly higher sodium-D-glucose co-transporter 1 protein levels in the brush border membrane fraction (p = 0.003) and the glucose transporter 2 level in the mucosa of jejunum (p = 0.004). At 30 min after the post-exercise glucose administration, the skeletal muscle and liver glycogen levels were not significantly different between the two diet groups. The blood glucose concentration from the portal vein (which is the entry site of nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract) was not significantly different between the groups at 15 min after the post-exercise glucose administration. There was no difference in the total or phosphorylated states of proteins related to glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscle. Although the high-carbohydrate diet significantly increased glucose transporters in the jejunum, this adaptation stimulated neither glycogen recovery nor glucose absorption after the ingestion of post-exercise glucose.

scholarly journals Mixed lineage kinase 3 deficient mice are protected against the high fat high carbohydrate diet-induced steatohepatitis

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samar H. Ibrahim ◽  
Gregory J. Gores ◽  
Petra Hirsova ◽  
Michelle Kirby ◽  
Lili Miles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Mixed Lineage Kinase ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Mixed Lineage Kinase 3 ◽  
Deficient Mice

scholarly journals The Bacteriological Examinations of the Faeces in Four Cases of Typhoid Fever, made at frequent intervals for a period of one month

1924 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard P. Lockhart
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Physical State ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Large Numbers

1. The appearance and disappearance of typhoid bacilli in the faeces in these four cases bore no relation to changes in the diet nor to the physical state of the stools, but the later they appeared the shorter was the duration of their appearance.On the disappearance of typhoid bacilli from the stools the intestinal flora tended to become more simple.2. B. coli was the only organism invariably present at every examination.3. Streptococci were very much more abundant in the earlier stages of the disease, when milk formed the greater part of the diet, than in the later stages.4. In two cases where boils occurred on the body the causative organism had previously been isolated in large numbers from the faeces.5. With stools slightly alkaline to litmus the flora in these cases was relatively simple and fermentative in type. There is no apparent advantage, therefore, in giving a high carbohydrate diet except in cases of marked alkalinity and putrefaction.

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