scholarly journals Expression and refolding of Omp38 from Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia thailandensis, and its function as a diffusion porin

2004 ◽  
Vol 384 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaruwan SIRITAPETAWEE ◽  
Heino PRINZ ◽  
Chartchai KRITTANAI ◽  
Wipa SUGINTA
Keyword(s):  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Outer Membrane Proteins ◽  
Immunoblot Analysis ◽  
Cd Spectroscopy ◽  
Cloning And Expression ◽  
Buffer System ◽  
Burkholderia Thailandensis ◽  
Peptide Mass

In the present paper, we describe cloning and expression of two outer membrane proteins, BpsOmp38 (from Burkholderia pseudomallei) and BthOmp38 (from Burkholderia thailandensis) lacking signal peptide sequences, using the pET23d(+) expression vector and Escherichia coli host strain Origami(DE3). The 38 kDa proteins, expressed as insoluble inclusion bodies, were purified, solubilized in 8 M urea, and then subjected to refolding experiments. As seen on SDS/PAGE, the 38 kDa band completely migrated to ∼110 kDa when the purified monomeric proteins were refolded in a buffer system containing 10% (w/v) Zwittergent® 3-14, together with a subsequent heating to 95 °C for 5 min. CD spectroscopy revealed that the 110 kDa proteins contained a predominant β-sheet structure, which corresponded completely to the structure of the Omp38 proteins isolated from B. pseudomallei and B. thailandensis. Immunoblot analysis using anti-BpsOmp38 polyclonal antibodies and peptide mass analysis by MALDI–TOF (matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization–time-of-flight) MS confirmed that the expressed proteins were BpsOmp38 and BthOmp38. The anti-BpsOmp38 antibodies considerably exhibited the inhibitory effects on the permeation of small sugars through the Omp38-reconstituted liposomes. A linear relation between relative permeability rates and Mr of neutral sugars and charged antibiotics suggested strongly that the in vitro re-assembled Omp38 functioned fully as a diffusion porin.

scholarly journals Characterization of BcaA, a Putative Classical Autotransporter Protein in Burkholderia pseudomallei

2013 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 1121-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristine G. Campos ◽  
Luke Borst ◽  
Peggy A. Cotter
Keyword(s):  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Outer Membrane Proteins ◽  
Lung Epithelial Cells ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Passenger Domain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Type V

ABSTRACTBurkholderia pseudomalleiis a tier 1 select agent, and the causative agent of melioidosis, a disease with effects ranging from chronic abscesses to fulminant pneumonia and septic shock, which can be rapidly fatal. Autotransporters (ATs) are outer membrane proteins belonging to the type V secretion system family, and many have been shown to play crucial roles in pathogenesis. The open reading frame Bp1026b_II1054 (bcaA) inB. pseudomalleistrain 1026b is predicted to encode a classical autotransporter protein with an approximately 80-kDa passenger domain that contains a subtilisin-related domain. Immediately 3′ tobcaAis Bp11026_II1055 (bcaB), which encodes a putative prolyl 4-hydroxylase. To investigate the role of these genes in pathogenesis, large in-frame deletion mutations ofbcaAandbcaBwere constructed in strain Bp340, an efflux pump mutant derivative of the melioidosis clinical isolate 1026b. Comparison of Bp340ΔbcaAand Bp340ΔbcaBmutants to wild-typeB. pseudomalleiin vitrodemonstrated similar levels of adherence to A549 lung epithelial cells, but the mutant strains were defective in their ability to invade these cells and to form plaques. In a BALB/c mouse model of intranasal infection, similar bacterial burdens were observed after 48 h in the lungs and liver of mice infected with Bp340ΔbcaA, Bp340ΔbcaB, and wild-type bacteria. However, significantly fewer bacteria were recovered from the spleen of Bp340ΔbcaA-infected mice, supporting the idea of a role for this AT in dissemination or in survival in the passage from the site of infection to the spleen.

scholarly journals Expression level of adenosine kinase in rat tissues. Lack of phosphate effect on the enzyme activity.

2001 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sakowicz ◽  
M Grdeń ◽  
T Pawełczyk
Keyword(s):  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Immunoblot Analysis ◽  
Adenosine Kinase ◽  
Cloning And Expression ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Phosphate Ions ◽  
Kidney Liver

In this report we describe cloning and expression of rat adenosine kinase (AK) in Esccherichaia coli cells as a fusion protein with 6xHis. The recombinant protein was purified and polyclonal antibodies to AK were generated in rabbits. Immunoblot analysis of extracts obtained from various rat tissues revealed two protein bands reactive with anti-AK IgG. The apparent molecular mass of these bands was 48 and 38 kDa in rat kidney, liver, spleen, brain, and lung. In heart and muscle the proteins that react with AK antibodies have the molecular masses of 48 and 40.5 kDa. In order to assess the relative AK mRNA level in rat tissues we used the multiplex PCR technique with beta-actin mRNA as a reference. We found the highest level of AK mRNA in the liver, which decreased in the order kidney > spleen > lung > heart > brain > muscle. Measurement of AK activity in cytosolic fractions of rat tissues showed the highest activity in the liver (0.58 U/g), which decreased in the order kidney > spleen > lung > brain > heart > skeletal muscle. Kinetic studies on recombinant AK as well as on AK in the cytosolic fraction of various rat tissues showed that this enzyme is not affected by phosphate ions. The data presented indicate that in the rat tissues investigated at least two isoforms of adenosine kinase are expressed, and that the expression of the AK gene appears to have some degree of tissue specificity.

scholarly journals Expression and Comparative Analysis of Genes Encoding Outer Membrane Proteins LipL21, LipL32 and OmpL1 in Epidemic Leptospires

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 649-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Yan Zhang ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Ping He ◽  
Yi-Xuan Zhang ◽  
Bao-Yu Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Outer Membrane Proteins ◽  
Immunoblot Analysis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Leptospira Interrogans ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Leptospira Borgpetersenii ◽  
High Degree

AbstractLeptospiral outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are highly conserved in different species, and play an essential role in the development of new immunoprotection and serodiagnosis strategies. The genes encoding LipL21, LipL32 and OmpL1 were cloned from the complete genome sequence of Leptospira interrogans serovar lai strain Lai and expressed in vitro. Sequence comparison analysis revealed that the three genes were highly conserved among distinct epidemic leptospires, including three major epidemic species Leptospira interrogans, Leptospira borgpetersenii and Leptospira weilii, in China. Immunoblot analysis was further performed to scrutinize 15 epidemic Leptospira reference strains using the antisera of the recombinant OMPs. Both immunoblot assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that these three OMPs were conservatively expressed in pathogenic L. interrogans strains and other pathogenic leptospires. Additionally, the use of these recombinant OMPs as antigens in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for serodiagnosis of leptospirosis was evaluated. The recombinant LipL32 and OmpL1 proteins showed a high degree of ELISA reactivity with sera from patients infected with L. interrogans strain Lai and other pathogenic leptospires. These results may contribute to the identification of candidates for broad-range vaccines and immunodiagnostic antigens in further research.

scholarly journals Actin-Binding Proteins from Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia thailandensis Can Functionally Compensate for the Actin-Based Motility Defect of a Burkholderia pseudomallei bimA Mutant

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (22) ◽  
pp. 7857-7862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne M. Stevens ◽  
Ricky L. Ulrich ◽  
Lowrie A. Taylor ◽  
Michael W. Wood ◽  
David DeShazer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Actin Binding ◽  
Burkholderia Mallei ◽  
Terminal Sequence ◽  
Actin Binding Proteins ◽  
Burkholderia Thailandensis ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Amino Terminal Sequence

ABSTRACT Recently we identified a bacterial factor (BimA) required for actin-based motility of Burkholderia pseudomallei. Here we report that Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia thailandensis are capable of actin-based motility in J774.2 cells and that BimA homologs of these bacteria can restore the actin-based motility defect of a B. pseudomallei bimA mutant. While the BimA homologs differ in their amino-terminal sequence, they interact directly with actin in vitro and vary in their ability to bind Arp3.

scholarly journals Temporal Analysis of the Antigenic Composition of Borrelia burgdorferi during Infection in Rabbit Skin

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 5063-5072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy R. Crother ◽  
Cheryl I. Champion ◽  
Julian P. Whitelegge ◽  
Rodrigo Aguilera ◽  
Xiao-Yang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Antigenic Variation ◽  
Outer Membrane Proteins ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Immunoblot Analysis ◽  
Rabbit Skin ◽  
Antigenic Composition ◽  
Marked Diminution ◽  
Time Point

ABSTRACT The numbers of host-adapted Borrelia burgdorferi (HAB) organisms in rabbit skin were assessed by real-time PCR over the first 3 weeks of infection. Maximal numbers were found at day 11, while spirochete numbers decreased by more than 30-fold by day 21. The antigenic composition of HAB in skin biopsy samples was determined by use of a procedure termed hydrophobic antigen tissue Triton extraction. Immune sera from rabbits, sera from chronically infected mice, and monospecific antiserum to the antigenic variation protein, VlsE, were used to probe parallel two-dimensional immunoblots representing each time point. Individual proteins were identified using either specific antisera or by matching protein spots to mass spectrometry-identified protein spots from in vitro-cultivated Borrelia. There were significant changes in the relative expression of a variety of known and previously unrecognized HAB antigens during the 21-day period. OspC and the outer membrane proteins OspA and OspB were prominent at the earliest time point, day 5, when the antigenic variation protein VlsE was barely detected. OspA and OspB were not detected after day 5. OspC was not detected after day 9. VlsE was the most prominent antigen from day 7 through day 21. BmpA, ErpN, ErpP, LA7, OppA-2, DbpA, and an unidentified 15-kDa protein were also detected from day 7 through day 21. Immunoblot analysis using monospecific anti-VlsE revealed the presence of prominent distinct VlsE lower forms in HAB at days 9, 11, and 14; however, these lower forms were no longer detected at day 21. This marked diminution in VlsE lower forms paralleled the clearance of the spirochete from skin.

scholarly journals Structural and Biological Diversity of Lipopolysaccharides from Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia thailandensis

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1420-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidhya Novem ◽  
Guanghou Shui ◽  
Dongling Wang ◽  
Anne K. Bendt ◽  
Siew Hoon Sim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Burkholderia Thailandensis ◽  
Low Level

ABSTRACT Burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiological agent of melioidosis, is a facultative intracellular pathogen. As B. pseudomallei is a gram-negative bacterium, its outer membrane contains lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecules, which have been shown to have low-level immunological activities in vitro. In this study, the biological activities of B. pseudomallei LPS were compared to those of Burkholderia thailandensis LPS, and it was found that both murine and human macrophages produced levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-10 in response to B. pseudomallei LPS that were lower than those in response to B. thailandensis LPS in vitro. In order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the low-level immunological activities of B. pseudomallei LPS, its lipid A moiety was characterized using mass spectrometry. The major lipid A species identified in B. pseudomallei consists of a biphosphorylated disaccharide backbone, which is modified with 4-amino-4-deoxy-arabinose (Ara4N) at both phosphates and penta-acylated with fatty acids (FA) C14:0(3-OH), C16:0(3-OH), and either C14:0 or C14:0(2-OH). In contrast, the major lipid A species identified in B. thailandensis was a mixture of tetra- and penta-acylated structures with differing amounts of Ara4N and FA C14:0(3-OH). Lipid A species acylated with FA C14:0(2-OH) were unique to B. pseudomallei and not found in B. thailandensis. Our data thus indicate that B. pseudomallei synthesizes lipid A species with long-chain FA C14:0(2-OH) and Ara4N-modified phosphate groups, allowing it to evade innate immune recognition.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of Tigecycline against Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia thailandensis

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1555-1557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Visanu Thamlikitkul ◽  
Suwanna Trakulsomboon
Keyword(s):  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Burkholderia Thailandensis

ABSTRACT Investigation of the in vitro activity of tigecycline against Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia thailandensis revealed that the inhibition zone diameters of tigecycline against all isolates were ≥20 mm and that the MIC50 values were 0.5 and 1 μg/ml and the MIC90 values were 2 and 1.5 μg/ml for B. pseudomallei and B. thailandensis, respectively.

scholarly journals Examination of the Efficacy and Cross-Reactivity of a Novel Polyclonal Antibody Targeting the Disintegrin Domain in SVMPs to Neutralize Snake Venom

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Shelby S. Szteiter ◽  
Ilse N. Diego ◽  
Jonathan Ortegon ◽  
Eliana Salinas ◽  
Abcde Cirilo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Snake Venom ◽  
Polyclonal Antibody ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Snake Envenomation ◽  
Disintegrin Domain ◽  
The Common ◽  
Neutralization Ability ◽  
New Strategies

Snake envenomation can result in hemorrhage, local necrosis, swelling, and if not treated properly can lead to adverse systemic effects such as coagulopathy, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity, which can result in death. As such, snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) and disintegrins are two toxic components that contribute to hemorrhage and interfere with the hemostatic system. Administration of a commercial antivenom is the common antidote to treat snake envenomation, but the high-cost, lack of efficacy, side effects, and limited availability, necessitates the development of new strategies and approaches for therapeutic treatments. Herein, we describe the neutralization ability of anti-disintegrin polyclonal antibody on the activities of isolated disintegrins, P-II/P-III SVMPs, and crude venoms. Our results show disintegrin activity on platelet aggregation in whole blood and the migration of the SK-Mel-28 cells that can be neutralized with anti-disintegrin polyclonal antibody. We characterized a SVMP and found that anti-disintegrin was also able to inhibit its activity in an in vitro proteolytic assay. Moreover, we found that anti-disintegrin could neutralize the proteolytic and hemorrhagic activities from crude Crotalus atrox venom. Our results suggest that anti-disintegrin polyclonal antibodies have the potential for a targeted approach to neutralize SVMPs in the treatment of snakebite envenomations.

scholarly journals Influences of advanced glycosylation end products on the inner blood–retinal barrier in a co-culture cell model in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 619-628
Author(s):  
Chen Yuan ◽  
Ya Mo ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Mei Zhang ◽  
Xuejun Xie
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Blood Retinal Barrier ◽  
Advanced Glycosylation End Products ◽  
End Products ◽  
Advanced Glycosylation

AbstractAdvanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) are harmful factors that can damage the inner blood–retinal barrier (iBRB). Rat retinal microvascular endothelial cells (RMECs) were isolated and cultured, and identified by anti-CD31 and von Willebrand factor polyclonal antibodies. Similarly, rat retinal Müller glial cells (RMGCs) were identified by H&E staining and with antibodies of glial fibrillary acidic protein and glutamine synthetase. The transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) value was measured with a Millicell electrical resistance system to observe the leakage of the barrier. Transwell cell plates for co-culturing RMECs with RMGCs were used to construct an iBRB model, which was then tested with the addition of AGEs at final concentrations of 50 and 100 mg/L for 24, 48, and 72 h. AGEs in the in vitro iBRB model constructed by RMEC and RMGC co-culture led to the imbalance of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pigment epithelial derivative factor (PEDF), and the permeability of the RMEC layer increased because the TEER decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner. AGEs increased VEGF but lowered PEDF in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The intervention with AGEs led to the change of the transendothelial resistance of the RMEC layer likely caused by the increased ratio of VEGF/PEDF.

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