Developmentally regulated association of plastid division protein FtsZ1 with thylakoid membranes in Arabidopsis thaliana

FtsZ is a key protein involved in bacterial and organellar division. Bacteria have only one ftsZ gene, while chlorophytes (higher plants and green alga) have two distinct FtsZ gene families, named FtsZ1 and FtsZ2. This raises the question of why chloroplasts in these organisms need distinct FtsZ proteins to divide. In order to unravel new functions associated with FtsZ proteins, we have identified and characterized an Arabidopsis thaliana FtsZ1 loss-of-function mutant. ftsZ1-knockout mutants are impeded in chloroplast division, and division is restored when FtsZ1 is expressed at a low level. FtsZ1-overexpressing plants show a drastic inhibition of chloroplast division. Chloroplast morphology is altered in ftsZ1, with chloroplasts having abnormalities in the thylakoid membrane network. Overexpression of FtsZ1 also induced defects in thylakoid organization with an increased network of twisting thylakoids and larger grana. We show that FtsZ1, in addition to being present in the stroma, is tightly associated with the thylakoid fraction. This association is developmentally regulated since FtsZ1 is found in the thylakoid fraction of young developing plant leaves but not in mature and old plant leaves. Our results suggest that plastid division protein FtsZ1 may have a function during leaf development in thylakoid organization, thus highlighting new functions for green plastid FtsZ.

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A dual sgRNA approach for functional genomics in Arabidopsis thaliana[OPEN]

10.1101/172676 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Laurens Pauwels ◽

Rebecca De Clercq ◽

Jonas Goossens ◽

Sabrina Iñigo ◽

Clara Williams ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Gene Editing ◽

Reverse Genetics ◽

Gene Families ◽

Null Alleles ◽

Loss Of Function ◽

Knock Out ◽

Nonsense Mediated Decay ◽

Dna Insertion ◽

Entire Gene

AbstractReverse genetics uses loss-of-function alleles to interrogate gene function. The advent of CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing now allows to generate knock-out alleles for any gene and entire gene families. Even in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, gene editing is welcomed as T-DNA insertion lines do not always generate null alleles. Here, we show efficient generation of heritable mutations in Arabidopsis using CRISPR/Cas9 with a workload similar to generating overexpression lines. We obtain Cas9 null-segregants with bi-allelic mutations in the T2 generation. Out of seven new mutant alleles we report here, one allele for GRXS17, the ortholog of human GRX3/PICOT, did not phenocopy previously characterized nulls. Notwithstanding, the mutation caused a frameshift and triggered nonsense-mediated decay. We demonstrate that our workflow is also compatible with a dual sgRNA approach in which a gene is targeted by two sgRNAs simultaneously. This paired nuclease method can result in a more reliable loss-of-function alleles that lack a large essential part of the gene. The ease in the CRISPR/Cas9 workflow should help in the eventual generation of true null alleles of every gene in the Arabidopsis genome, which will advance both basic and applied plant research.One-sentence summaryWe present a dual sgRNA approach to delete Arabidopsis gene 34 fragments in order to obtain reliable functional knock-outs.

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Chloroplast Division in Higher Plants Requires Members of Two Functionally Divergent Gene Families with Homology to Bacterial ftsZ

The Plant Cell ◽

10.1105/tpc.10.12.1991 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1991-2004 ◽

Cited By ~ 149

Author(s):

Katherine W. Osteryoung ◽

Kevin D. Stokes ◽

Stephen M. Rutherford ◽

Ann L. Percival ◽

Won Y. Lee

Keyword(s):

Higher Plants ◽

Gene Families ◽

Chloroplast Division ◽

Divergent Gene

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Genetic Analysis of Developmentally Regulated Resistance to Downy Mildew (Hyaloperonospora parasitica) in Arabidopsis thaliana

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-18-1226 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 1226-1234 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

John M. McDowell ◽

Scott G. Williams ◽

Nicholas T. Funderburg ◽

Thomas Eulgem ◽

Jeffery L. Dangl

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Gene Dosage ◽

Loss Of Function ◽

Response Regulators ◽

Developmentally Regulated ◽

F2 Population ◽

Hyaloperonospora Parasitica ◽

Asexual Spore ◽

Dna Insertion ◽

Plant Pathogen Interactions

Although developmentally regulated disease resistance has been observed in a variety of plant-pathogen interactions, the molecular basis of this phenomenon is not well understood. Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia-0 (Col-0) expresses a developmentally regulated resistance to Hyaloperonospora parasitica isolate Emco5. Col-0 seedlings support profuse mycelial growth and asexual spore formation in the cotyledons. In contrast, Emco5 growth and reproducetion is dramatically (but not completely) restricted in the first set of true leaves. Subsequent leaves exhibit progresssively increased resistance. This adult resistance is strongly suppressed by expression of the salicylic acid-degrading transgene NahG and by loss-of-function mutations in the defense-response regulators PAD4, NDR1, RAR1, PBS3 and NPR1. In contrast to Col-0, the Wassilewskija-0 (Ws-0) ecotype supports profuse growth of Emco5 at all stages of development. Gene-dosage experiments and segregation patterns indicate that adult susceptibility in Ws-0 is incomepletely dominant to adult resistance in Col-0. Genetic mapping in a Col × Ws F2 population revealed a major locus on the bottom arm of chromosome 5, which we named RPP31. Analysis of T-DNA insertion lines indicated that the Columbia allele of RPP8, though tightly linked to RPP31, is not necessary for adult resistance.

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Chloroplast Division in Higher Plants Requires Members of Two Functionally Divergent Gene Families with Homology to Bacterial ftsZ

The Plant Cell ◽

10.2307/3870779 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1991 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Katherine W. Osteryoung ◽

Kevin D. Stokes ◽

Stephen M. Rutherford ◽

Ann L. Percival ◽

Won Y. Lee

Keyword(s):

Higher Plants ◽

Gene Families ◽

Chloroplast Division ◽

Divergent Gene

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Structure and Evolution of the Actin Gene Family in Arabidopsis thaliana

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/142.2.587 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 142 (2) ◽

pp. 587-602 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

John M McDowell ◽

Shurong Huang ◽

Elizabeth C McKinney ◽

Yong-Qiang An ◽

Richard B Meagher

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Gene Family ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Gene Families ◽

Plant Evolution ◽

Actin Gene ◽

Specific Expression ◽

Phylogenetic Structure

Abstract Higher plants contain families of actin-encoding genes that are divergent and differentially expressed. Progress in understanding the functions and evolution of plant actins has been hindered by the large size of the actin gene families. In this study, we characterized the structure and evolution of the actin gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana. DNA blot analyses with gene-specific probes suggested that all 10 of the Arabidopsis actin gene family members have been isolated and established that Arabidopsis has a much simpler actin gene family than other plants that have been examined. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that the Arabidopsis gene family contains at least two ancient classes of genes that diverged early in land plant evolution and may have separated vegetative from reproductive actins. Subsequent divergence produced a total of six distinct subclasses of actin, and five showed a distinct pattern of tissue specific expression. The concordance of expression patterns with the phylogenetic structure is discussed. These subclasses appear to be evolving independently, as no evidence of gene conversion was found. The Arabidopsis actin proteins have an unusually large number of nonconservative amino acid substitutions, which mapped to the surface of the actin molecule, and should effect protein-protein interactions.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Loss-of-function mutations in the APX1 gene result in enhanced selenium tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.726335338.793518775 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Wagner Araujo

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Loss Of Function

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Utilization of a hydrate cellulose film for investigation of Arabidopsis thaliana L. root system growth and development

Biotekhnologiya ◽

10.21519/0234-2758-2020-36-1-36-43 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 36-43

Author(s):

I.O. Konovalova ◽

T.N. Kudelina ◽

S.O. Smolyanina ◽

A.I. Lilienberg ◽

T.N. Bibikova

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Root System ◽

Life Support ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Plant Root ◽

Lateral Roots ◽

Basic Research ◽

Cellulose Film ◽

A New Technique ◽

Basic Research Project

A new technique for Arabidopsis thaliana cultivation has been proposed that combines the use of a phytogel-based nutrient medium and a hydrophilic membrane of hydrate cellulose film, separating the root system of the plant from the medium thickness. Growth rates of both main and lateral roots were faster in the plants cultivated on the surface of hydrate cellulose film than in the plants grown in the phytogel volume. The location of the root system on the surface of the transparent hydrate film simplifies its observation and analysis and facilitates plant transplantation with preservation of the root system configuration. The proposed technique allowed us to first assess the effect of exogenous auxin on the growth of lateral roots at the 5-6 developmental stage. methods to study plant root systems, hydrate cellulose film, A. thaliana, lateral roots, differential root growth rate, auxin The work was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project Bel_mol_a 19-54-04015) and the basic topic of the Russian Academy of Sciences - IBMP RAS «Regularities of the Influence of Extreme Environmental Factors on the Processes of Cultivation of Higher Plants and the Development of Japanese Quail Tissues at Different Stages of its Ontogenesis under the Conditions of Regenerative Life Support Systems».

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Genome-wide search and structural and functional analyses for late embryogenesis-abundant (LEA) gene family in poplar

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-021-02872-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zihan Cheng ◽

Xuemei Zhang ◽

Wenjing Yao ◽

Kai Zhao ◽

Lin Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Family ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽

Gene Families ◽

Regulatory Elements ◽

Late Embryogenesis Abundant ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Lea Gene ◽

Late Embryogenesis ◽

Genome Wide Search

Abstract Background The Late Embryogenesis-Abundant (LEA) gene families, which play significant roles in regulation of tolerance to abiotic stresses, widely exist in higher plants. Poplar is a tree species that has important ecological and economic values. But systematic studies on the gene family have not been reported yet in poplar. Results On the basis of genome-wide search, we identified 88 LEA genes from Populus trichocarpa and renamed them as PtrLEA. The PtrLEA genes have fewer introns, and their promoters contain more cis-regulatory elements related to abiotic stress tolerance. Our results from comparative genomics indicated that the PtrLEA genes are conserved and homologous to related genes in other species, such as Eucalyptus robusta, Solanum lycopersicum and Arabidopsis. Using RNA-Seq data collected from poplar under two conditions (with and without salt treatment), we detected 24, 22 and 19 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in roots, stems and leaves, respectively. Then we performed spatiotemporal expression analysis of the four up-regulated DEGs shared by the tissues, constructed gene co-expression-based networks, and investigated gene function annotations. Conclusion Lines of evidence indicated that the PtrLEA genes play significant roles in poplar growth and development, as well as in responses to salt stress.

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The Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplast division protein FtsZ1 counterbalances FtsZ2 filament stability in vitro

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100627 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 100627

Author(s):

Katie J. Porter ◽

Lingyan Cao ◽

Yaodong Chen ◽

Allan D. TerBush ◽

Cheng Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Chloroplast Division

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Comprehensive analysis of SSRs and database construction using all complete gene-coding sequences in major horticultural and representative plants

Horticulture Research ◽

10.1038/s41438-021-00562-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoming Song ◽

Qihang Yang ◽

Yun Bai ◽

Ke Gong ◽

Tong Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Higher Plants ◽

Extreme Environments ◽

Gene Families ◽

Comprehensive Analysis ◽

Whole Genome ◽

Flowering Genes ◽

Database Construction ◽

Myb Gene ◽

Gene Coding ◽

Lower Plants

AbstractSimple sequence repeats (SSRs) are one of the most important genetic markers and widely exist in most species. Here, we identified 249,822 SSRs from 3,951,919 genes in 112 plants. Then, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of these SSRs and constructed a plant SSR database (PSSRD). Interestingly, more SSRs were found in lower plants than in higher plants, showing that lower plants needed to adapt to early extreme environments. Four specific enriched functional terms in the lower plant Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were detected when it was compared with seven other higher plants. In addition, Guanylate_cyc existed in more genes of lower plants than of higher plants. In our PSSRD, we constructed an interactive plotting function in the chart interface, and users can easily view the detailed information of SSRs. All SSR information, including sequences, primers, and annotations, can be downloaded from our database. Moreover, we developed Web SSR Finder and Batch SSR Finder tools, which can be easily used for identifying SSRs. Our database was developed using PHP, HTML, JavaScript, and MySQL, which are freely available at http://www.pssrd.info/. We conducted an analysis of the Myb gene families and flowering genes as two applications of the PSSRD. Further analysis indicated that whole-genome duplication and whole-genome triplication played a major role in the expansion of the Myb gene families. These SSR markers in our database will greatly facilitate comparative genomics and functional genomics studies in the future.

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