scholarly journals Enzymes of glycerol and glyceraldehyde metabolism in mouse liver: effects of caloric restriction and age on activities

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevork Hagopian ◽  
Jon J. Ramsey ◽  
Richard Weindruch
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Glycerol Kinase ◽  
Aldehyde Reductase ◽  
Serum Glycerol ◽  
Glycerol 3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Metabolizing Enzyme ◽  
Old Mice ◽  
Increased Activity

The influence of caloric restriction on hepatic glyceraldehyde- and glycerol-metabolizing enzyme activities of young and old mice were studied. Glycerol kinase and cytoplasmic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were increased in both young and old CR (calorie-restricted) mice when compared with controls, whereas triokinase increased only in old CR mice. Aldehyde dehydrogenase and aldehyde reductase activities in both young and old CR mice were unchanged by caloric restriction. Mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase showed a trend towards an increased activity in old CR mice, whereas a trend towards a decreased activity in alcohol dehydrogenase was observed in both young and old CR mice. Serum glycerol levels decreased in young and old CR mice. Therefore increases in glycerol kinase and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were associated with a decrease in fasting blood glycerol levels in CR animals. A prominent role for triokinase in glyceraldehyde metabolism with CR was also observed. The results indicate that long-term caloric restriction induces sustained increases in the capacity for gluconeogenesis from glycerol.

The effect of long-term caloric restriction on function of T-cell subsets in old mice

1990 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelika Grossmann ◽  
Lillian Maggio-Price ◽  
John C. Jinneman ◽  
Norman S. Wolf ◽  
Peter S. Rabinovitch
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Old Mice

scholarly journals NAD+ flux is maintained in aged mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie McReynolds ◽  
Karthikeyani Chellappa ◽  
Eric Chiles ◽  
Connor Jankowski ◽  
Yishui Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Isotope Tracing ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Old Mice ◽  
Increased Activity

Abstract NAD+ is an essential coenzyme found in all living cells. NAD+ concentrations decline during aging, but whether this reflects impaired production or accelerated consumption remains unclear. Here we employed isotope tracing and mass spectrometry to probe NAD+ metabolism across tissues in aged mice. In 25-month-old mice, we observe modest tissue NAD+ depletion (median decrease ~ 30%) without significant changes in circulating NAD+ precursors. Isotope tracing showed unimpaired synthesis of circulating nicotinamide from tryptophan, and maintained flux of circulating nicotinamide into tissue NAD+ pools. Although absolute NAD+ biosynthetic flux was maintained in most tissues of aged mice, fractional tissue NAD+ labeling from infused labeled nicotinamide was modestly accelerated, consistent with increased activity of NAD+ consuming enzymes. Long-term calorie restriction partially mitigated age-associated NAD+ decline despite decreasing NAD+ synthesis, suggesting that calorie restriction reduces NAD+ consumption. Thus, age-related decline in NAD+ is relatively subtle and driven by increased NAD+ consumer activity rather than impaired production.

Purification of Glycerol Kinase by "Dye-Ligand" Chromatography and Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography on Bead-Cellulose Derivatives

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Žúbor ◽  
Albert Breier ◽  
Marta Horváthová ◽  
Dagmar Hagarová ◽  
Peter Gemeiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrophobic Interaction ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography ◽  
Glycerol Kinase ◽  
Enzymic Activity ◽  
Cellulose Derivatives ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Bead Cellulose ◽  
Term Storage

The crude extract of cytosole enzymes was obtained from homogenized cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by partition. The enzyme was then isolated from the lower aqueous phase displaying higher glycerol kinase activity by dye-ligand chromatography on Cibacron Blue (CB) or Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RB)-derivatized bead-cellulose, ATP being the eluent. The specific activity of glycerol kinase rised more than 10 and 7-times after affinity dye-ligand chromatography and hydrophobic interaction chromatography, respectively. Glycerol kinase obtained by the latter method was purified by CB-bead cellulose. The final preparation maintained its enzymic activity without noticeable losses during a long-term storage at 4 °C in dark.

scholarly journals Long-Term Caloric Restriction Attenuates β-Amyloid Neuropathology and Is Accompanied by Autophagy in APPswe/PS1delta9 Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 985
Author(s):  
Luisa Müller ◽  
Nicole Power Guerra ◽  
Jan Stenzel ◽  
Claire Rühlmann ◽  
Tobias Lindner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Amyloid Aβ ◽  
Β Amyloid

Caloric restriction (CR) slows the aging process, extends lifespan, and exerts neuroprotective effects. It is widely accepted that CR attenuates β-amyloid (Aβ) neuropathology in models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by so-far unknown mechanisms. One promising process induced by CR is autophagy, which is known to degrade aggregated proteins such as amyloids. In addition, autophagy positively regulates glucose uptake and may improve cerebral hypometabolism—a hallmark of AD—and, consequently, neural activity. To evaluate this hypothesis, APPswe/PS1delta9 (tg) mice and their littermates (wild-type, wt) underwent CR for either 16 or 68 weeks. Whereas short-term CR for 16 weeks revealed no noteworthy changes of AD phenotype in tg mice, long-term CR for 68 weeks showed beneficial effects. Thus, cerebral glucose metabolism and neuronal integrity were markedly increased upon 68 weeks CR in tg mice, indicated by an elevated hippocampal fluorodeoxyglucose [18F] ([18F]FDG) uptake and increased N-acetylaspartate-to-creatine ratio using positron emission tomography/computer tomography (PET/CT) imaging and magnet resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Improved neuronal activity and integrity resulted in a better cognitive performance within the Morris Water Maze. Moreover, CR for 68 weeks caused a significant increase of LC3BII and p62 protein expression, showing enhanced autophagy. Additionally, a significant decrease of Aβ plaques in tg mice in the hippocampus was observed, accompanied by reduced microgliosis as indicated by significantly decreased numbers of iba1-positive cells. In summary, long-term CR revealed an overall neuroprotective effect in tg mice. Further, this study shows, for the first time, that CR-induced autophagy in tg mice accompanies the observed attenuation of Aβ pathology.

Impact of long-term caloric restriction on cardiac senescence: Caloric restriction ameliorates cardiac diastolic dysfunction associated with aging

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Shinmura ◽  
Kayoko Tamaki ◽  
Motoaki Sano ◽  
Mitsushige Murata ◽  
Hiroyuki Yamakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diastolic Dysfunction ◽  
Caloric Restriction

scholarly journals The effect of age on protein synthesis in mouse liver

1969 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 869-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. I. P. Mainwaring
Keyword(s):  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Similar System ◽  
Ribonucleoprotein Particles ◽  
Polyuridylic Acid ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Old Mice ◽  
Effect Of Age

1. A system of microsomes and 105000g supernatant from livers of old mice is less able to promote the incorporation of [14C]phenylalanine into protein than a similar system from livers of young animals. 2. The decrease in [14C]phenylalanine incorporation is attributable to changes in microsomes from old animals rather than in the cell-sap fraction. 3. Decreased synthetic ability is found in various classes of microsomes from older animals, namely unfractionated, light and heavy microsomes, but not in detergent-washed ribonucleoprotein particles. 4. Deletions of certain detergent-soluble microsomal proteins accompany the decreased synthetic ability of microsomes from older animals. 5. Microsomes from old mice are less responsive to a synthetic messenger RNA, polyuridylic acid, and this is partly due to a higher rate of hydrolysis in the presence of cell sap from animals of extreme age. 6. Other more direct evidence, from the priming of a cell-free protein-synthesizing system from bacteria and the examination of ribonucleoprotein particles on sucrose density gradients, suggests that senescence is accompanied by a decrease in messenger RNA content.

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