scholarly journals Mucosal and systemic immune responses induced by intranasal immunization of recombinant Bacillus subtilis expressing the P97R1, P46 antigens of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongheng Wang ◽  
Jialu Wang ◽  
Mengyun Zhou ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
En Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Mucosal Immunity ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
Mucosal Cell ◽  
Antigen Delivery ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Recombinant Bacillus Subtilis

Abstract Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) is the pathogen of swine enzootic pneumonia, a chronic respiratory disease affecting pigs of all ages. The ciliated epithelial cells of the respiratory tract are the main target invaded and colonized by M. hyopneumoniae. Therefore, the ideal vaccine would be mucosally administered and able to stimulate suitable mucosal immunity and prevent the adherence of pathogens to mucosal cell surfaces. Currently, Bacillus subtilis as a recombinant vaccine carrier has been used for antigen delivery and proved to be effectively enhancing the innate immunity of nasal mucosa. Here, our study attempts to construct recombinant Bacillus subtilis (B.S-P97R1, B.S-P46), which can express the P97R1 or P46 antigen of M. hyopneumoniae, and to evaluate the immune responses in BALB/c mice. Initially, we respectively successfully constructed recombinant B.S-P97R1, B.S-P46 and validated the expression of antigen proteins by Western analysis. Then, recombinant B.S-P97R1 or B.S-P46 were respectively intranasally (i.n.) immunized in mice. Both strong P97R1-specific and P46-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG), secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) antibodies were induced in sera, bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALs) by ELISA analysis. Moreover, the levels of specific IL-4, IFN-γ in the immunized mice were elevated, and the proliferation of lymphocytes was also enhanced. In general, intranasal inoculation of recombinant B.S-P97R1 or B.S-P46 resulted in strong mucosal immunity, cell-mediated and humoral immunity, which was a mixed Th1/Th2-type response. In addition, our results provided a potential novel strategy that may be applied to the development of vaccines against M. hyopneumoniae.

scholarly journals Mucosal immune responses induced by oral administration recombinant Bacillus subtilis expressing the COE antigen of PEDV in newborn piglets

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialu Wang ◽  
Lulu Huang ◽  
Chunxiao Mou ◽  
En Zhang ◽  
Yongheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Oral Vaccine ◽  
Oral Immunization ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Antigen Delivery ◽  
Newborn Piglets ◽  
Mucosal Immune Responses ◽  
Recombinant Bacillus Subtilis

Abstract Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a highly contagious disease in newborn piglets and causes substantial economic losses in the world. PED virus (PEDV) spreads by fecal–oral contact and can be prevented by oral immunization. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an effective oral vaccine against PEDV infection. Currently, Bacillus subtilis as recombinant vaccine carrier has been used for antigen delivery and proved well in immune effect and safety. The present study evaluated the immunogenicity of recombinant Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis-RC) in piglets via oral administration. After oral immunization in piglets, B. subtilis-RC significantly increased the local mucosal immune responses. Oral administration with B. subtilis-RC significantly improved the level of specific mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies against PEDV infection, through enlarging the area of Peyer’s patches (PPs) and increasing the number of ileum IgA+ secreting (SIgA) cells. In the meantime, B. subtilis-RC remarkably increased the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs). We also observed that oral administration of B. subtilis-RC significantly increased CD3+T lymphocytes’ numbers and up-regulated the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, high titers of specific serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) revealed satisfactory systemic immune response against PEDV infection. In summary, our study demonstrated that oral administration of B. subtilis-RC could trigger a high level of local and systemic immune responses and would be a promising candidate vaccine against PEDV infection in piglets.

scholarly journals Immune Responses Induced by Recombinant Bacillus Subtilis Expressing the Hemagglutinin Protein of H5N1 in chickens

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunxiao Mou ◽  
Liqi Zhu ◽  
Jingjing Yang ◽  
Wenwen Xu ◽  
Xiaoying Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Hemagglutinin Protein ◽  
Recombinant Bacillus Subtilis

scholarly journals Immunoglobulin A-deficient mice exhibit altered T helper 1-type immune responses but retain mucosal immunity to influenza virus

Immunology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongxin Zhang ◽  
Susan Pacheco ◽  
Catherine L. Acuna ◽  
Kirsten C. Switzer ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Mucosal Immunity ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Helper 1 ◽  
Deficient Mice

scholarly journals Perspectives for improvement of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccines in pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominiek Maes ◽  
Filip Boyen ◽  
Bert Devriendt ◽  
Peter Kuhnert ◽  
Artur Summerfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Administration Route ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Partial Protection ◽  
Carrier Molecule ◽  
Humoral Responses ◽  
Porcine Respiratory ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractMycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) is one of the primary agents involved in the porcine respiratory disease complex, economically one of the most important diseases in pigs worldwide. The pathogen adheres to the ciliated epithelium of the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles, causes damage to the mucosal clearance system, modulates the immune system and renders the animal more susceptible to other respiratory infections. The pathogenesis is very complex and not yet fully understood. Cell-mediated and likely also mucosal humoral responses are considered important for protection, although infected animals are not able to rapidly clear the pathogen from the respiratory tract. Vaccination is frequently practiced worldwide to control M. hyopneumoniae infections and the associated performance losses, animal welfare issues, and treatment costs. Commercial vaccines are mostly bacterins that are administered intramuscularly. However, the commercial vaccines provide only partial protection, they do not prevent infection and have a limited effect on transmission. Therefore, there is a need for novel vaccines that confer a better protection. The present paper gives a short overview of the pathogenesis and immune responses following M. hyopneumoniae infection, outlines the major limitations of the commercial vaccines and reviews the different experimental M. hyopneumoniae vaccines that have been developed and tested in mice and pigs. Most experimental subunit, DNA and vector vaccines are based on the P97 adhesin or other factors that are important for pathogen survival and pathogenesis. Other studies focused on bacterins combined with novel adjuvants. Very few efforts have been directed towards the development of attenuated vaccines, although such vaccines may have great potential. As cell-mediated and likely also humoral mucosal responses are important for protection, new vaccines should aim to target these arms of the immune response. The selection of proper antigens, administration route and type of adjuvant and carrier molecule is essential for success. Also practical aspects, such as cost of the vaccine, ease of production, transport and administration, and possible combination with vaccines against other porcine pathogens, are important. Possible avenues for further research to develop better vaccines and to achieve a more sustainable control of M. hyopneumoniae infections are discussed.

scholarly journals Antigen-Specific Immunoglobulin A Antibodies Secreted from Circulating B Cells Are an Effective Marker for Recent Local Immune Responses in Patients with Cholera: Comparison to Antibody-Secreting Cell Responses and Other Immunological Markers

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 4808-4814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firdausi Qadri ◽  
Edward T. Ryan ◽  
A. S. G. Faruque ◽  
Firoz Ahmed ◽  
Ashraful Islam Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Secreting Cell ◽  
Antibody Secreting Cell ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
B Subunit ◽  
Mucosal Infection ◽  
Circulating Lymphocytes

ABSTRACT Gut-derived lymphocytes transiently migrate through the peripheral circulation before homing back to mucosal sites and can be detected using an ELISPOT-based antibody secreting cell (ASC) assay. Alternatively, transiently circulating lymphocytes may be cultured in vitro, and culture supernatants may be assayed for antigen-specific responses (antibody in lymphocyte supernatant [ALS] assay). The ALS assay has not been validated extensively in natural mucosal infection, nor has the ALS response been compared to the ASC assay and other cholera-specific immunological responses. Accordingly, we examined immune responses in 30 adult patients with acute cholera in Bangladesh, compared with 10 healthy controls, measuring ALS-immunoglobulin A (IgA), ASC-IgA, and serum and fecal IgA responses to two potent Vibrio cholerae immunogens, the nontoxic B subunit of cholera toxin (CtxB) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and a weaker V. cholerae immunogen, the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (MSHA). We found significant increases of anti-CtxB, anti-LPS, and anti-MSHA IgA in supernatants of lymphocytes cultured 7 days after onset of cholera using the ALS assay. We found that ALS and ASC responses correlated extremely well; both had comparable sensitivities as the vibriocidal responses, and both procedures were more sensitive than fecal IgA measurements. An advantage of the ALS assay for studying mucosal immune responses is the ability to freeze antibodies in supernatants for subsequent evaluation; like the ASC assay, the ALS assay can distinguish recent from remote mucosal infection, a distinction that may be difficult to make in endemic settings using other procedures.

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