Changes in Disappearance of Intravenously Administered 47Ca at the Onset of Alimentary Absorption of Unlabelled Calcium

1974 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-316
Author(s):  
J. Kocián ◽  
V. Brodan
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Serum Calcium Concentration ◽  
Temporary Rise

1. Administration of a large amount of unlabelled calcium orally 60 min after intravenous injection of 47Ca leads to a temporary rise of serum specific radioactivity in healthy volunteers. 2. This short-term rise is followed by a more rapid decline and in some instances by oscillations of specific radioactivity. 3. Both these effects could be caused by secretion of thyrocalcitonin resulting from a rise of serum calcium concentration during calcium absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals The effectivity of Difructose Anhydride III to increase absorption of calcium in the femur bone of calcium deficient rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Ainia Herminiati
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Serum Calcium Concentration ◽  
Femur Bone ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Matrix Condition ◽  
Dfa Iii

Background: Dried yogurt enriched by Difructose Anhydride III when used as a functional food has been observed to increase calcium absorption, making it useful in osteoporosis prevention. The objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of Difructose Anhydride III in increasing the absorption of calcium in female rat models, strain Sprague Dawley, in the pre-menopausal age during which they’re calcium deficient.Methods: The effectiveness test of Difructose Anhydride III to increase absorption of calcium in pre-menopausal Sprague Dawley rats was performed in calcium-deficient conditions. A completely randomized experimental design was used with 4 treatments for 6 weeks and 4 replications: normal rats fed with purified diet (C), calcium-deficient rats fed with calcium-deficient diet (CD), calcium-deficient rats fed with calcium-deficient diet and DFA III (dahlia tubers) fortified in dry yogurt (CD+DFA III dahlia), and calcium-deficient rats fed with a calcium-deficient diet and DFA III (chicory roots) fortified in dry yogurt (CD+DFA III chicory). The parameters measured were serum calcium concentration, femur bone calcium concentration, femur bone matrix condition, and femur bone strength.Results: DFA III (dahlia tubers and chicory roots) fortified in dry yogurt contained 0.334% and 0.322% of calcium concentration. The provision of a calcium-deficient diet for 12 weeks was shown to reduce the serum calcium concentration of the deficient calcium rat to 7.72±1.08 mg dL-1 and the control rat to 11.60±0.85 mg dL-1. CD+DFA III chicory treatments also showed a high calcium concentration in the femur bone (34.94±3.21%), a relatively higher bone strength (9.34±3.61 kg cm-2), and a denser femur bone matrix condition than the control. The femur bone calcium level of rats treated with CD+DFA III dahlia and chicory tubers was 28.95±1.95% and 34.94±3.21%, respectively. These results were significantly different than the CD treatment (17.49±4.38%).Conclusion: The evidence from this study suggests that sufficient calcium intake could provide high calcium deposits in the bones. Diets containing 3.60% w/w DFA III fortified in dry yogurt have been shown to enhance calcium absorption in calcium-deficient rats. Additionally, the effectiveness of dried yogurt enriched by DFA III from chicory tubers was higher than that of the dried yogurt enriched by DFA III from dahlia tubers.Preclinical Trial Registration: Animal Ethics Committee at IPB University No. 12-2013Keywords: Bone femur; calcium deficiency; effectivity of Difructose Anhydride III

The Causes of Hypocalcaemia in Chronic Renal Failure

1971 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cochran ◽  
B. E. C. Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Urine Calcium ◽  
Serum Calcium Concentration ◽  
Glomerular Filtrate ◽  
Urine Calcium Excretion

1. Serum calcium and phosphate, calcium absorption and calcium excretion were measured in twenty-seven cases of chronic renal failure. 2. Hypocalcaemia was present in thirteen cases and tended to be more severe in patients with the most severe degree of renal failure. 3. The hypocalcaemia could not be attributed to hyperphosphataemia since many of the patients with hypocalcaemia had normal serum phosphate concentrations. 4. Malabsorption of calcium was observed in all but three patients, and was significantly related to the degree of renal failure, but there was only a weak correlation between absorption and the serum calcium concentration. The 24 h calcium excretion was not significantly related to creatinine clearance or to calcium absorption. 5. The relation between serum calcium concentration and fasting urine calcium excretion, expressed in mg per 100 ml of glomerular filtrate, was grossly abnormal. Instead of the positive correlation previously established in normal subjects, plasma calcium and urine calcium expressed in this way were inversely related, signifying a severe reduction in the tubular reabsorption of calcium. 6. Calcium and sodium excretion (each expressed in units per 100 ml of glomerular filtrate) were significantly related, but calcium excretion and serum bicarbonate were not. However, examination of the urine calcium/sodium relationship at urine sodium excretion rates below 1·5 mEq per 100 ml of glomerular filtrate indicated that, within this range, urine calcium excretion was inversely related to serum bicarbonate concentration and positively related to urine sodium excretion. 7. We conclude that there is reduced tubular reabsorption of calcium in renal failure, and this is attributable both to metabolic acidosis and to the increased rate of sodium excretion per nephron, and that it could be a significant contributory factor in the hypocalcaemia which may be observed in renal failure without hyperphosphataemia.

Neurobehavioral Effects of β-Escin

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Huda J. Waheed ◽  
Saad B. Nashtar ◽  
Ali I. Al-Gareeb ◽  
Hayder M. Al-Kuraishy
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Cortical Arousal ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fusion Frequency ◽  
Insignificant Effect ◽  
Sensorimotor Reaction ◽  
Critical Fusion Frequency ◽  
Neurobehavioral Effects

Background: Aescin or β-escin is the main and active constituent of horse chestnut seed (Aesculus hippocastanum) used for the treatment of inflammatory edema, venous insufficiency and ischemic ulcerations. Aescin has many actions due to induction of endothelial nitric oxide and prostaglandin F2-α production moreover; aescin antagonizes the effect of histamine and 5HT at receptor levels. </P><P> Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the neurobehavioral effects of aescin on normal healthy volunteers. </P><P> Method: A total number of 65 healthy participants with mean age of 21+1.1 years were recruited to study the effects of aescin on the neurobehavioral effects of normal healthy volunteers compared to placebo. The neurobehavioral effects were assessed by psychomotor performances and sensorimotor reaction, cortical arousal and central integrity processes and assessment of memory capacity. Results: Placebo produced insignificant amelioration of TRT and RRT p>0.05, with mild significant effect on MRT p=0.03. Aescin produced a significant effect in the amelioration of psychomotor performances and sensorimotor reaction p=0.0001. Regarding the differential effect of placebo and aescin on the cortical arousal and central integrity processes, placebo illustrated insignificant effect at p>0.05 whereas; aescin showed mild significant effect on Critical Fusion Frequency (CFFA) p<0.05 and highly significant effect on the other parameters p<0.01 except for critical-fusion frequency threshold when aescin illustrated insignificant effect at p>0.05. Aescin illustrated significant acceleration of ІІ-back WMA, ІІІ-back WMA and Second trial Short-Term Memory (STM) at p<0.01 compared to the placebo effect. Conclusion: Short-term therapy with aescin improves the neurobehavioral effects on healthy volunteers.

Effects of short-term saffron (Crocus sativus L.) intake on the in vivo activities of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in healthy volunteers

2019 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 32-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Begas ◽  
Maria Bounitsi ◽  
Thomas Kilindris ◽  
Evangelos Kouvaras ◽  
Konstantinos Makaritsis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Crocus Sativus L

Effect of Intraduodenal Starch Infusion on Net Portal Absorption of Amino Acids in Growing steers Fed Lucerne

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 28-28
Author(s):  
C.J. Seal ◽  
D.S. Parker ◽  
J.C. MacRae ◽  
G.E. Lobley
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Portal Blood ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Net Uptake ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
Glucose Availability

Amino acid requirements for energy metabolism and protein turnover within the gastrointestinal tract are substantial and may be met from luminal and arterial pools of amino acids. Several studies have demonstrated that the quantity of amino acids appearing in the portal blood does not balance apparent disappearance from the intestinal lumen and that changing diet or the availability of energy-yielding substrates to the gut tissues may influence the uptake of amino acids into the portal blood (Seal & Reynolds, 1993). For example, increased net absorption of amino acids was observed in animals receiving exogenous intraruminal propionate (Seal & Parker, 1991) and this was accompanied by changes in glucose utilisation by the gut tissues. In contrast, there was no apparent change in net uptake of [l-13C]-leucine into the portal vein of sheep receiving short term intraduodenal infusions of glucose (Piccioli Cappelli et al, 1993). This experiment was designed to further investigate the effects on amino acid absorption of changing glucose availability to the gut with short term (seven hours) or prolonged (three days) exposure to starch infused directly into the duodenum.

Osmotic and ionic effects of NaCl on germination, early seedling growth, and ion content of Atriplex halimus (Chenopodiaceae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Bajji ◽  
Jean-Marie Kinet ◽  
Stanley Lutts
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Ion Content ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Atriplex Halimus ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Ionic Effects ◽  
Higher Doses

The effects of salt and osmotic stresses on the germination processes in seeds of the perennial halophyte species Atriplex halimus L. were compared using iso-osmotic concentrations of NaCl and mannitol. The lowest stress intensity delayed germination, while higher doses of NaCl and mannitol reduced final germination percentages. No significant difference occurred between the effects of these solutes on germination percentages or seedling dry weights. At an external osmotic potential of –0.7 MPa, however, the water content of mannitol-treated seedlings was reduced compared to that of seedlings that developed from NaCl-exposed seeds. The K, Mg, and Pi content decreased in seedlings that developed from mannitol-treated seeds while calcium concentration was strongly reduced in those arising from NaCl-treated seeds. Inhibited seeds were able to germinate at levels similar to those of the control after rinsing in deionized water and imbibition in control conditions. Seedlings produced from NaCl pre-treated seeds had a lower Ca and a higher Na content than control seedlings. The effect of salinity on the germination phase of development is mainly due to its osmotic component, and inhibition of germination is reversible. Both salt and osmotic stresses may have an impact on the mobilization of minerals from the seeds to the young seedling, but this effect does not have any consequence on growth processes analysed on a short-term basis.Key words: Atriplex halimus, halophyte, osmotic stress, recovery of seed germination, salinity.

Calcium Excretion and Serum Calcium Concentration in Adult Intact and Gonadectomized Rats

Endocrinology ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 1375-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
BERNARD F. RICE ◽  
ROY PONTHIER ◽  
M. CLINTON MILLER
Keyword(s):  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Serum Calcium Concentration

The Distribution of [14C]Cholesterol in Muscle and Skin of Rhesus Monkeys after Intravenous Injection

1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-310
Author(s):  
C. D. Moutafis ◽  
N. B. Myant
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Compartment System ◽  
Local Synthesis ◽  
Single Intravenous Injection ◽  
Small Pool ◽  
Slow Turnover

1. The specific radioactivity of [14C]cholesterol in plasma and in serial biopsies of muscle and skin was measured in Rhesus monkeys for 156 days after a single intravenous injection of [14C]cholesterol. 2. Analysis of the specific radioactivity—time curves in terms of a two-compartment system indicated that all the cholesterol of muscle is exchangeable with the plasma cholesterol and that local synthesis does not contribute significantly to the cholesterol in muscle. 3. Analysis of the curve for specific radioactivity of skin cholesterol suggested the presence of a small pool of cholesterol with slow turnover. A contribution to skin cholesterol from local synthesis could not be excluded.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetic Interactions of Maraviroc with Darunavir-Ritonavir, Etravirine, and Etravirine-Darunavir-Ritonavir in Healthy Volunteers: Results of Two Drug Interaction Trials

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 2290-2296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas N. Kakuda ◽  
Samantha Abel ◽  
John Davis ◽  
Julia Hamlin ◽  
Monika Schöller-Gyüre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Cytochrome P450 3A ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Crossover Studies

ABSTRACTThe effects of darunavir-ritonavir at 600 and 100 mg twice daily (b.i.d.) alone, 200 mg of etravirine b.i.d. alone, or 600 and 100 mg of darunavir-ritonavir b.i.d. with 200 mg etravirine b.i.d. at steady state on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of maraviroc, and vice versa, in healthy volunteers were investigated in two phase I, randomized, two-period crossover studies. Safety and tolerability were also assessed. Coadministration of 150 mg maraviroc b.i.d. with darunavir-ritonavir increased the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to 12 h (AUC12) for maraviroc 4.05-fold relative to 150 mg of maraviroc b.i.d. alone. Coadministration of 300 mg maraviroc b.i.d. with etravirine decreased the maraviroc AUC12by 53% relative to 300 mg maraviroc b.i.d. alone. Coadministration of 150 mg maraviroc b.i.d. with etravirine-darunavir-ritonavir increased the maraviroc AUC123.10-fold relative to 150 mg maraviroc b.i.d. alone. Maraviroc did not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of etravirine, darunavir, or ritonavir. Short-term coadministration of maraviroc with darunavir-ritonavir, etravirine, or both was generally well tolerated, with no safety issues reported in either trial. Maraviroc can be coadministered with darunavir-ritonavir, etravirine, or etravirine-darunavir-ritonavir. Maraviroc should be dosed at 600 mg b.i.d. with etravirine in the absence of a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) (i.e., a boosted protease inhibitor) or at 150 mg b.i.d. when coadministered with darunavir-ritonavir with or without etravirine.

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