Factors affecting angiotensin II concentrations in the human infant at birth

1977 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Broughton Pipkin ◽  
E. M. Symonds
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Human Infant ◽  
Hypertensive Disease ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Lower Segment Caesarean Section ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Second Stage Of Labour ◽  
Arterial Blood

1. A radioimmunoassay for the measurement of angiotensin II in 1 ml of plasma has been developed and used to measure angiotensin II in maternal peripheral, cord venous and cord arterial blood in 45 patients at delivery. 2. In babies delivered vaginally, cord venous and cord arterial concentrations of angiotensin II were significantly higher than maternal venous blood concentrations. There was a significant relationship between both cord venous and cord arterial concentrations and maternal concentrations of angiotensin II. 3. Cord venous concentrations of angiotensin II were significantly greater than those in cord arterial blood in babies delivered vaginally but not in those delivered by lower-segment Caesarean section. This suggests the possibility that, during labour, the placenta may contribute to foetal concentrations of angiotensin II. 4. Maternal and cord venous concentrations of angiotensin II were significantly higher in patients with hypertensive disease of pregnancy than in those who had remained normotensive throughout pregnancy. 5. Cord venous concentrations of angiotensin II increased significantly with increasing duration of the second stage of labour.

RELEASE OF NEUROPHYSINS I AND II DURING AND AFTER PARTURITION IN COWS

1977 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. LEGROS ◽  
G. PEETERS ◽  
S. MARCUS ◽  
W. DE GROOT ◽  
R. REYNAERT
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Other ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Second Stage Of Labour ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Neurophysin Ii

SUMMARY Bovine neurophysin I and neurophysin II (bNpI and bNpII) have been assayed by radioimmunoassay in the jugular venous blood of cows during parturition. In general, low bNpI levels were detected on the day before labour began and during the first stage of labour. Neurophysin I was present in appreciable quantities in blood taken during the second stage of labour and in most cows the concentrations rose to a maximum during the expulsive stage. After delivery, the concentration of bNpI in the blood diminished. This pattern of release is similar to that reported for oxytocin at parturition in cows. As with bNpI, maximum levels of bNpII occurred during the expulsive stage of labour in some animals. In others, bNpII concentrations were very low or absent. Low concentrations of bNpII were found at the other stages of labour. Examination of the results from individual animals indicated that the release of the two neurophysins can be independent.

Pharmacokinetics and Arteriovenous Differences in Clevidipine Concentration following a Short- and a Long-term Intravenous Infusion in Healthy Volunteers

2000 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 993-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Ericsson ◽  
Ulf Bredberg ◽  
Ulf Eriksson ◽  
Åse Jolin-Mellgård ◽  
Margareta Nordlander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Mean

Background Clevidipine is an ultra-short-acting calcium antagonist developed for reduction and control of blood pressure during cardiac surgery. The objectives of the current study were to determine the pharmacokinetics of clevidipine after 20-min and 24-h intravenous infusions, and to determine the relation between the arterial and venous concentrations and the hemodynamic responses to clevidipine in healthy volunteers. Methods Four volunteers received clevidipine for 20 min, and eight subjects were administered clevidipine intravenously for 24 h at two different dose rates. Arterial and venous blood samples were drawn for pharmacokinetic evaluation, and blood pressure and heart rate were recorded. Results A triexponential disposition model described the pharmacokinetics of clevidipine. The mean arterial blood clearance of clevidipine was 0.069l/kg-1/min-1 and the mean volume of distribution at steady state was 0.19 l/kg. The duration of the infusion had negligible effect on the pharmacokinetic parameters, and the context-sensitive half-time for clevidipine, simulated from the mean pharmacokinetic parameters derived after 24 h infusion at the highest dose, was less than 1 min. The arterial blood levels reached steady state within 2 min of the start of infusion and were about twice as high as those in the venous blood at steady state. The peak response preceded the peak venous concentration and was slightly delayed from the peak arterial blood concentration. Conclusion Clevidipine is a high clearance drug with a small volume of distribution, resulting in extremely short half-lives in healthy subjects. The initial rapid increase in the arterial blood concentrations and the short equilibrium time between the blood and the biophase suggest that clevidipine can be rapidly titrated to the desired effect.

Humoral Response and Blood Pressure Regulation during Hypercapnia and Haemorrhage in Dogs

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 165s-168s
Author(s):  
G. J. Dusting ◽  
Janina Staszewska-Barczak
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Humoral Mechanism ◽  
Organ Technique

1. The blood-bathed organ technique was used to study the release of catecholamines, angiotensin II and prostaglandin-like (PL) substances into the circulation during hypercapnia and after haemorrhage in anaesthetized dogs. 2. Elevated blood concentrations of noradrenaline, angiotensin II and prostaglandin-like substances have been detected during both experimental conditions. 3. The rise of arterial blood pressure during hypercapnia and after haemorrhage was associated with elevated concentrations of angiotensin II in the blood and could be abolished by inhibition of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme with SQ 20881. 4. The compensation of arterial pressure during both stresses was significantly impaired by release of prostaglandin-like substances; it could be restored by inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis with indomethacin. 5. The results indicate that activation of the renin—angiotensin system represents the major humoral mechanism for the maintenance of arterial pressure during hypercapnic acidosis and after haemorrhage.

Adrenal medullary secretion in hemorrhagic shock

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Walker ◽  
M. Sherefettin Zileli ◽  
Fritz W. Reutter ◽  
William C. Shoemaker ◽  
Dale Friend ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Substitute ◽  
Adrenal Vein ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Acute Hemorrhage ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Catechol Amines

Hemorrhage experiments both of an acute and chronic type were carried out in dogs. The adrenal vein was cannulated as in the previous experiments. There were 10 dogs studied during acute hemorrhage and 4 dogs in chronic hemorrhage. Blood loss in these animals produced an immediate and marked increase in concentration of the catechol amines in the adrenal vein blood, this increase being in proportion to the fraction of the total blood volume removed. The increase was due primarily and initially to an increase in concentration of epinephrine rather than norepinephrine in the adrenal venous blood. The maximum output of catechol amines occurred at a variable time and was then followed by a gradual decline. Early retransfusion of the lost blood or replacement by blood substitute immediately and drastically reduced the catechol amine output. The peripheral arterial blood concentrations of epinephrine were higher than the venous blood concentrations and appeared to be more closely correlated with the concentrations in adrenal venous blood. Infusions of norepinephrine in two dogs increased the output of epinephrine and norepinenephrine in the adrenal vein blood. There was no sign of adrenal medullary failure in dogs dying from shock due to blood loss, even when these dogs accepted blood from an upbleeding (Lamson) bottle by ‘taking up.’

THE RENAL CLEARANCE AND PLASMA BINDING OF VASOPRESSIN IN THE DOG

1967 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
NANCY HARVEY ◽  
J. J. JONES ◽  
J. LEE
Keyword(s):  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Tubular Secretion ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Acid Clearance ◽  
Dog Plasma ◽  
Dog Kidney ◽  
Isolated Dog Kidney

SUMMARY The isolated dog kidney was perfused with blood containing 1 m-u. arginine vasopressin/ml. In other experiments 40 or 50 m-u./min. were infused into three intact dogs. Antidiuretic activity was measured in renal venous blood, arterial blood, and in the urine. Renal blood flow was determined directly in the perfused dog kidney and by p-aminohippuric acid clearance in the intact dog; glomerular filtration rate was measured by either inulin or creatinine clearance. About 38% of the hormone was extracted from the arterial blood in its passage through the kidney. Of the total amount of hormone infused, about 18% was eliminated by each kidney. The quantity of vasopressin extracted from the blood was greater than that excreted in the urine, indicating that the hormone is inactivated by the kidney. In intact dogs, the amount of hormone filtered by the kidney was less than that excreted, suggesting tubular secretion. It was calculated that the release of endogenous arginine vasopressin induced by the stimuli of anaesthesia and surgery was between 3 and 7 m-u./min. and that approximately 15% of the endogenous hormone was excreted. Ultrafiltration of dog plasma at three different concentrations of arginine vasopressin (30, 100 and 290 μ-u./ml.) showed that binding was reduced as the concentration was raised and that at the concentration of hormone in the experiments, less than 30% was bound. The difficulties of relating these findings at artificially high blood concentrations to those at physiological blood concentrations of vasopressin are discussed.

scholarly journals N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide as a marker of myocardial dysfunction in newborns with perinatal asphyxia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 997
Author(s):  
Mallesh Kariyappa ◽  
Sandesh Shivarudrappa
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
P Value ◽  
Neurological Outcomes ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Second Stage Of Labour ◽  
Hypoxic Brain ◽  
Stage 1

Background: Perinatal asphyxia refers to a condition during first and second stage of labour in which impaired gas exchange leads to foetal hypoxemia. Perinatal asphyxia causes cardiac dysfunction in 24 to 60 percent of the cases. The reduced cardiovascular reserve is associated with hypoxic brain damage and has high impact on neonatal mortality and adverse neurological outcomes. It has been challenging to diagnose myocardial dysfunction in resource constraint setting. Aim and objective of this study was to Determine N-Terminal Pro BNP concentrations in perinatal asphyxia and correlate with modified Sarnat stages of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.Methods: Among 120 Neonates admitted in neonatal intensive care unit with diagnosis of perinatal asphyxia were considered for the study. 2mL of venous blood drawn within 48hours of life was analyzed for quantitative N-Terminal Pro BNP and was correlated with modified Sarnat stages of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.Results: A Total of 120 cases of perinatal asphyxia were considered for the study, among which 44 cases had HIE stage 1, 48 had HIE stage 2 and rest 28 had HIE stage 3. The mean and standard deviation of N-Terminal Pro BNP concentrations in stage 1 was 1,502.86±3,581.170 pg/mL, stage 2 was 4,916.31±8,001.674 pg/mL and stage 3 was 8,912.41±13,927.152 pg/mL with significant p value of 0.003.Conclusions: Early N-Terminal Pro BNP concentrations may provide a useful marker for the anticipated severity of myocardial dysfunction.

scholarly journals Comparison of maternal and fetal morbidity between Patwardhan method of second stage lower segment caesarean section and conventional "push and pull" method

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 4538
Author(s):  
Kishorkumar Hol ◽  
Sneha Trivedi ◽  
Shruti Jaiswal ◽  
Sameer Popat Darawade
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Lower Segment ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Lower Segment Caesarean Section ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Uterine Incision ◽  
Second Stage Of Labour ◽  
Fetal Complications ◽  
Push And Pull

Background: To compare Maternal and fetal morbidity between Patwardhan method of second stage LSCS and conventional "push and pull" method.Methods: A retrospective study of all LSCS performed in second stage of labour consisted of all cases delivered by Patwardhan method compared with cases delivered by Push method during 3 years from January 2016 to December 2018 in Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College Pune, Maharashtra, India.Results: A total of 89 patients underwent second stage LSCS from January 2016 to December 2018. A total of 37 patients were delivered by Patwardhan’s method and 52 patients were delivered by Push method. Uterine incision extension was more in the push and pull method when compared to Patwardhan technique. Same was true for the traumatic PPH blood transfusion which was significantly high in push and pull method as compared. Neonatal morbidity was significantly less in Patwardhan’s method as compared to Push method.Conclusions: As the maternal and fetal complications are seen to be considerably less in Patwardhan’s method than the conventional Push method our study concludes that Patwardhan’s method for delivering baby in second stage LSCS confers greater advantage.

Arterio-Venous Differences in the Components of the Fibrinolytic Enzyme System

1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 032-037 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Ogston ◽  
C. M Ogston ◽  
N. B Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Fibrinolytic Enzyme ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Activator Concentration ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Male Subjects

Summary1. The concentration of the major components of the fibrinolytic enzyme system was compared in venous and arterial blood samples from male subjects.2. The plasminogen activator concentration was higher in venous blood and the arterio-venous difference increased as its concentration rose, but the ratio of the arterial to venous level remained constant.3. No arterio-venous difference was found for anti-urokinase activity, antiplasmin, plasminogen and fibrinogen.4. It is concluded that venous blood determinations of the components of the fibrinolytic enzyme system reflect satisfactorily arterial blood levels.

IMMUNOLOGICALLY REACTIVE METABOLITES OF ANGIOTENSIN II IN HUMAN VENOUS BLOOD

1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (1_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S120
Author(s):  
M. D. Cain ◽  
K. J. Catt ◽  
J. P. Coghlan
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Reactive Metabolites
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