RELEASE OF NEUROPHYSINS I AND II DURING AND AFTER PARTURITION IN COWS

1977 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. LEGROS ◽  
G. PEETERS ◽  
S. MARCUS ◽  
W. DE GROOT ◽  
R. REYNAERT
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Other ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Second Stage Of Labour ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Neurophysin Ii

SUMMARY Bovine neurophysin I and neurophysin II (bNpI and bNpII) have been assayed by radioimmunoassay in the jugular venous blood of cows during parturition. In general, low bNpI levels were detected on the day before labour began and during the first stage of labour. Neurophysin I was present in appreciable quantities in blood taken during the second stage of labour and in most cows the concentrations rose to a maximum during the expulsive stage. After delivery, the concentration of bNpI in the blood diminished. This pattern of release is similar to that reported for oxytocin at parturition in cows. As with bNpI, maximum levels of bNpII occurred during the expulsive stage of labour in some animals. In others, bNpII concentrations were very low or absent. Low concentrations of bNpII were found at the other stages of labour. Examination of the results from individual animals indicated that the release of the two neurophysins can be independent.

scholarly journals Effect of perineal massage in the second stage of labour, on the incidence of episiotomy and perineal tears

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1387
Author(s):  
Abinaya Raja ◽  
Pallavee P. ◽  
Rupal Samal
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Perineal Pain ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Perineal Tears ◽  
Second Stage Of Labour ◽  
Perineal Massage

Background: This study aimed to investigate whether perineal massage during second stage of labour could decrease perineal trauma in the form of episiotomy and perineal tears.Methods: One hundred and fifty term antenatal women in labour were randomly assigned to two groups, one of which received perineal massage and the other received routine care during the second stage. Frequency of episiotomies, perineal tears, intact perineums, degrees of perineal tears, duration of second stage of labour and perineal pain after 24 hours was compared.Results: Perineal massage was efficient in reducing incidence of episiotomy, duration of second stage of labour and perineal pain assessed 24 hours after delivery. The frequency of perineal tears and intact perineums did not differ significantly. Perineal massage was protective against severe form of third degree perineal tears.Conclusions: Authors suggest that perineal massage can be routinely practiced by health professionals to improve quality of life in women post vaginal delivery.

Factors affecting angiotensin II concentrations in the human infant at birth

1977 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Broughton Pipkin ◽  
E. M. Symonds
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Human Infant ◽  
Hypertensive Disease ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Lower Segment Caesarean Section ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Second Stage Of Labour ◽  
Arterial Blood

1. A radioimmunoassay for the measurement of angiotensin II in 1 ml of plasma has been developed and used to measure angiotensin II in maternal peripheral, cord venous and cord arterial blood in 45 patients at delivery. 2. In babies delivered vaginally, cord venous and cord arterial concentrations of angiotensin II were significantly higher than maternal venous blood concentrations. There was a significant relationship between both cord venous and cord arterial concentrations and maternal concentrations of angiotensin II. 3. Cord venous concentrations of angiotensin II were significantly greater than those in cord arterial blood in babies delivered vaginally but not in those delivered by lower-segment Caesarean section. This suggests the possibility that, during labour, the placenta may contribute to foetal concentrations of angiotensin II. 4. Maternal and cord venous concentrations of angiotensin II were significantly higher in patients with hypertensive disease of pregnancy than in those who had remained normotensive throughout pregnancy. 5. Cord venous concentrations of angiotensin II increased significantly with increasing duration of the second stage of labour.

scholarly journals N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide as a marker of myocardial dysfunction in newborns with perinatal asphyxia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 997
Author(s):  
Mallesh Kariyappa ◽  
Sandesh Shivarudrappa
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
P Value ◽  
Neurological Outcomes ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Second Stage Of Labour ◽  
Hypoxic Brain ◽  
Stage 1

Background: Perinatal asphyxia refers to a condition during first and second stage of labour in which impaired gas exchange leads to foetal hypoxemia. Perinatal asphyxia causes cardiac dysfunction in 24 to 60 percent of the cases. The reduced cardiovascular reserve is associated with hypoxic brain damage and has high impact on neonatal mortality and adverse neurological outcomes. It has been challenging to diagnose myocardial dysfunction in resource constraint setting. Aim and objective of this study was to Determine N-Terminal Pro BNP concentrations in perinatal asphyxia and correlate with modified Sarnat stages of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.Methods: Among 120 Neonates admitted in neonatal intensive care unit with diagnosis of perinatal asphyxia were considered for the study. 2mL of venous blood drawn within 48hours of life was analyzed for quantitative N-Terminal Pro BNP and was correlated with modified Sarnat stages of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.Results: A Total of 120 cases of perinatal asphyxia were considered for the study, among which 44 cases had HIE stage 1, 48 had HIE stage 2 and rest 28 had HIE stage 3. The mean and standard deviation of N-Terminal Pro BNP concentrations in stage 1 was 1,502.86±3,581.170 pg/mL, stage 2 was 4,916.31±8,001.674 pg/mL and stage 3 was 8,912.41±13,927.152 pg/mL with significant p value of 0.003.Conclusions: Early N-Terminal Pro BNP concentrations may provide a useful marker for the anticipated severity of myocardial dysfunction.

scholarly journals EPIDURAL ANALGESIA;

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 101-103
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD ASGHAR KHAN ◽  
BILAL YASIN ◽  
MONA ZAFFAR ◽  
Shafi ur Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Epidural Analgesia ◽  
Full Term ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cervical Dilatation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Epidural Group ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Second Stage Of Labour ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Primiparous Women

Introduction. The influence of epidural analgesia on the length of labourremains a source of controversy in literature. Objectives. To see the effect of epidural analgesia on the duration ofactive first stage and second stage of labour. Setting: Obstetric Department of CMH Kharian. Period: From 1 January st2005 to 31 March 2006. Material and methods. One hundred pregnant full term, women were included in the study. stFifty primiparous reporting at full term, half were given epidural analgesia the other half were control. Another fiftymultiparous reporting at full term, twenty five women were given epidural the other twenty five were control. Results.The mean duration of active first stage of labour in primiparous women after 3 – 4 centimeter cervical dilatation was5.10 hrs in the epidural group while it was 6.65 hrs in the control group (p less than 0.001). In the multiparous womenthe mean duration of active first stage of labour after 3 – 4 centimeter cervical dilatation was 2.40 hrs in the epiduralgroup while it was 3.43 hrs in the control group (p less than 0.001). In the primiparous women the mean second stagewas 23.76 minutes in the epidural group, and 37.33 minutes in the control group (p less than 0.001). In the multiparousgroup, the mean second stage was 17.58 minutes in the epidural group, and 22.00 minutes in the control group (p lessthan 0.001). Conclusion. Epidural analgesia decreases the duration of active first stage and second stage of labour.

CORTICOTROPIN-BESTIMMUNG ANHAND DES CORTICOSTERONANSTIEGES IM NEBENNIEREN-VENENBLUT HYPOPHYSEKTOMIERTER RATTEN

1962 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Retiene ◽  
H. Ditschuneit ◽  
M. Fischer ◽  
K. Kopp ◽  
E. F. Pfeiffer
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Corticosterone Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adrenal Vein ◽  
Major Surgery ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats

ABSTRACT Corticotrophin has been measured by using the corticotrophin-induced increase of corticosterone in adrenal venous blood of rats, the corticotrophin secretion of which has been blocked by preliminary injection of dexamethasone. Sensitivity and precision of this technique have not been higher than in the simpler procedure using corticosterone increase in peripheral blood. Single injection of dexamethasone on the other hand did not prevent release of endogenous corticotrophin following major surgery, required for canulation of the adrenal vein. In hypophysectomized rats corticotrophin can be measured by using adrenal venous blood. 0.05 mU corticotrophin (US-P-Standard) has been determined with an index of precision of λ = 0.13. The consistent relation between initial and elevated corticosterone level following corticotrophin in both peripheral and adrenal venous blood makes it highly unlikely that other modifications of this kind of assay will increase sensitivity.

Effect of C6-Volatiles on Bioluminescent Plant Pathogens

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 557d-557
Author(s):  
Jennifer Warr ◽  
Fenny Dane ◽  
Bob Ebel
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
The Other ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Low Concentrations

C6 volatile compounds are known to be produced by the plant upon pathogen attack or other stress-related events. The biological activity of many of these substances is poorly understood, but some might produce signal molecules important in host–pathogen interactions. In this research we explored the possibility that lipid-derived C6 volatiles have a direct effect on bacterial plant pathogens. To this purpose we used a unique tool, a bacterium genetically engineered to bioluminesce. Light-producing genes from a fish-associated bacterium were introduced into Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, enabling nondestructive detection of bacteria in vitro and in the plant with special computer-assisted camera equipment. The effects of different C6 volatiles (trans-2 hexanal, trans-2 hexen-1-ol and cis-3 hexenol) on growth of bioluminescent Xanthomonas campestris were investigated. Different volatile concentrations were used. Treatment with trans-2 hexanal appeared bactericidal at low concentrations (1% and 10%), while treatments with the other volatiles were not inhibitive to bacterial growth. The implications of these results with respect to practical use of trans-2 hexanal in pathogen susceptible and resistant plants will be discussed.

scholarly journals Thyroid storm in the second stage of labour: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. e243159
Author(s):  
Yudianto Budi Saroyo ◽  
Achmad Kemal Harzif ◽  
Beryliana Maya Anisa ◽  
Fistyanisa Elya Charilda
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Thyroid Storm ◽  
Lung Oedema ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Second Stage Of Labour ◽  
Failure Treatment ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels ◽  
Peripartum Period ◽  
In Pregnancy

A thyroid storm (or thyroid crisis) is an emergency in endocrinology. It is a form of complication of hyperthyroidism that can be life-threatening. Inadequate control of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy could develop into thyroid storm, especially in the peripartum period. We present a woman came in the second stage of labour, with thyroid storm, superimposed pre-eclampsia, acute lung oedema and impending respiratory failure. Treatment for thyroid storm, pre-eclampsia protocol and corticosteroid was delivered. The baby was born uneventfully, while the mother was discharged after 5 days of hospitalisation. Delivery is an important precipitant in the development of thyroid storm in uncontrolled hyperthyroidism in pregnancy. Although very rare, it can cause severe consequences. Diagnosis and treatment guidelines for thyroid storm were available and should be done aggressively and immediately. Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism should be prevented by adequate control in thyroid hormone levels, especially before the peripartum period.

scholarly journals Clincial Experience with Patient-Controlled and Staff-Administered Intermittent Bolus Epidural Analgesia in Labour

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Paech ◽  
T. J. G. Pavy ◽  
C. Sims ◽  
M. D. Westmore ◽  
J. M. Storey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidural Analgesia ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Obstetric Delivery ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Intermittent Bolus ◽  
Second Stage Of Labour ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Maximum Pain ◽  
Delivery Unit ◽  
Ib Method

A prospective randomized study was Performed to detail clinical experience with both patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) and midwife-administered intermittent bolus (IB) epidural analgesia during labour, under the conditions pertaining in a busy obstetric delivery unit. Both methods used 0.125% bupivacaine plus fentanyl, and similar rescue supplementation although management decisions related to epidural analgesia were made principally by attending midwives One hundred and ninety-eight women were recruited and data analysed from 167 (PCEA n = 82 IB n=85) The groups were demographically similar. Median hourly pain scores, ratings of analgesia and satisfaction did not differ Maximum pain scores were significantly higher in those receiving IB epidural analgesia (P<0.05). The PCEA group had a significantly higher rate of supplementation and bupivacaine use (P<0.01), and a longer duration of the second stage of labour (P<0.03) The relative risk of instrumental delivery with PCEA versus the IB method was 1.57 (CI 1.07–2.38) Experience within our unit with PCEA is contrasted with that of IB epidural analgesia, the method most commonly used; and with that of controlled trials comparing these two methods.

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