Acute effects of moderate alcohol consumption on blood pressure and plasma catecholamines

1984 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 643-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Ireland ◽  
R. Vandongen ◽  
L. Davidson ◽  
L. J. Beilin ◽  
I. L. Rouse
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Noradrenaline Concentration

1. This study examines the response of blood pressure, plasma catecholamines and cortisol to acute alcohol intake in young men with light to moderate drinking habits. 2. Ingestion of alcohol was associated with a highly significant increase in systolic blood pressure and heart rate which occurred before blood alcohol reached its peak concentration of 16.9 ± 1.1 mmol/l (80 mg/100 ml). After an initial non-specific rise, diastolic pressure fell below values observed after drinking water only. This predominant effect of alcohol on systolic blood pressure is also seen with chronic alcohol consumption. 3. Drinking water and non-alcoholic cold liquids caused a marked fall in plasma adrenaline and a transient rise in noradrenaline concentration. In contrast, drinking alcohol resulted in a relative rise in adrenaline and a delayed increase in noradrenaline concentration. 4. Blood glucose increased after alcohol, supporting a physiological effect of adrenaline on liver glycogenolysis. Plasma cortisol concentration was also significantly higher after drinking alcohol. 5. It is proposed that the relative rise in adrenaline together with higher cortisol levels, repeated over a variable period in susceptible individuals, are implicated in the elevation of blood pressure associated with long term alcohol consumption. It concurs with observations in man and experimental animals of a slow pressor mechanism mediated by adrenaline. 6. The study emphasized that an evaluation of the acute effects of alcohol requires careful measurement of blood pressure, precise assay of catecholamines and recognition of the confounding effects of drinking cold liquids.

Enhancement of the sympathoadrenal response to the cold-pressor test by naloxone in man

1985 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Marc Bouloux ◽  
Ashley Grossman ◽  
Saad Al-Damluji ◽  
Timothy Bailey ◽  
Michael Besser
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Pressor Test

1. The effects of naloxone (8 mg) on the pressor and plasma catecholamine response to a standard cold-pressor test have been evaluated in six normal male subjects. Plasma catecholamines were estimated by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrochemical detection. 2. Cold stimulation induced significant elevations in plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline to reach mean peak levels 61% and 108% above their respective basal levels (P < 0.05). Systolic blood pressure increased by 23 ± 6.5 mmHg (P < 0.001), and heart rate increased by 7.5 ± 2.5 beats/min (P < 0.001). 3. Naloxone pretreatment significantly enhanced the plasma adrenaline response to the cold stimulus by 98% (P < 0.01) with concomitant changes in peak systolic blood pressure (peak increment 31 ± 6 mmHg) and pulse rate (12.5 ± 3.5 beats/min) responses (both P < 0.05). The mean plasma noradrenaline response to cold also increased after naloxone, but this failed to achieve significance. 4. Endogenous opioids are likely to be involved in the sympathoadrenal response to a mild acute stress in man.

β-Adrenoceptor responsiveness and plasma catecholamines as determinants of cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress

1985 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Eisenhofer ◽  
D. G. Lambie ◽  
R. H. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Blood Pressure Responses ◽  
Electronic Game

1. Twenty-five normotensive men were subjected to two periods of mental stress involving a cognitive task and a competitive electronic game. Plasma catecholamines, heart rate and blood pressure were measured before and during mental stress. Responsiveness to β-adrenoceptor stimulation was also determined in each subject by measurement of heart rate responses to bolus injections of isoprenaline. 2. Both periods of mental stress were associated with significant increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressures, heart rate and plasma adrenaline, but not plasma noradrenaline. Heart rate responses to mental stress varied widely, with increases ranging from 1 to 48 (mean ± sd 13.5 ± 10.6) beats/min for the cognitive task and from 2 to 49 (20.4 ± 14.0) beats/min for the electronic game. Systolic blood pressure responses also varied widely and showed significant positive correlations with heart rate responses. 3. Significant relationships were found between heart rate responses to both forms of mental stress and cardiac sensitivity to isoprenaline, subjects with low responsiveness to β-adrenoceptor stimulation tending to have smaller heart rate responses to mental stress than subjects with high responsiveness to β-adrenoceptor stimulation. Relationships were also found between plasma adrenaline responses and heart rate responses to mental stress, although these did not reach significance. Considerably improved relationships were found when heart rate responses were correlated with a single variable generated from the product of the adrenaline response and the inverse of the dose of isoprenaline required to raise heart rate by 25 beats/min. 4. It is concluded that wide variation is shown between different individuals in responsiveness to β-adrenoceptor stimulation and that this is an important factor in the variability between individuals in heart rate and systolic blood pressure responses to mental stress. Both catecholamines and adrenoceptor-mediated responses to catecholamines should be examined when determining the physiological basis for differences in cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress between individuals or groups.

scholarly journals Is Drinking Alcohol Really Linked to Cardiovascular Health? Evidence from the Kardiovize 2030 Project

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2848
Author(s):  
Andrea Maugeri ◽  
Ota Hlinomaz ◽  
Antonella Agodi ◽  
Martina Barchitta ◽  
Sarka Kunzova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Existing data have described benefits and drawbacks of alcohol consumption on cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but no research has evaluated its association with the cardiovascular health (CVH) score proposed by the American Heart Association. Here, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis on the Kardiovize cohort (Brno, Czech Republic), to investigate the relationship between alcohol consumption and CVH. We included 1773 subjects (aged 25–64 years; 44.2% men) with no history of CVD. We compared CVD risk factors, CVH metrics (i.e., BMI, healthy diet, physical activity level, smoking status, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and total cholesterol) and CVH score between and within several drinking categories. We found that the relationship between drinking habits and CVH was related to the amount of alcohol consumed, drinking patterns, and beverage choices. Heavy drinkers were more likely to smoke tobacco, and to report diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol at higher level than non-drinkers. Among drinkers, however, people who exclusively drank wine exhibited better CVH than those who exclusively drank beer. Although our findings supported the hypothesis that drinking alcohol was related to the CVH in general, further prospective research is needed to understand whether the assessment of CVH should incorporate information on alcohol consumption.

scholarly journals Effects of Alcohol Consumption on Pair Bond Maintenance and Potential Neural Substrates in Female Prairie Voles

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre T Walcott ◽  
Andrey E Ryabinin
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Partner Preference ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Prairie Voles ◽  
Pair Bonds ◽  
Intimate Partner Relationships ◽  
Partner Relationships

Abstract Aims Discordant heavy alcohol use is a risk factor for disruption of intimate partner relationships. Modeling these relationships in prairie voles indicates that biological effects of alcohol can contribute to this risk. In particular, alcohol consumption disrupted an established preference for a female partner in male prairie voles if the partner was drinking water, but not if the partner was drinking alcohol. The current study investigated the effects of alcohol consumption on pair bonds in female prairie voles. Methods Female and male prairie voles established pair bonds during 1 week of cohabitation. Following cohabitation, females and their partners were put into mesh-divided cages where they were given access to 10% ethanol and water or only water for 1 week. Pair bonds in female prairie voles were tested using the partner preference test (PPT). Following the PPT, we examined oxytocin, vasopressin and FosB immunoreactivity across several brain regions. Results Female prairie voles consumed more alcohol if their male partner was also drinking alcohol, but not if their partner was drinking water. During PPT, females preferred their partner over a stranger, regardless of their partner’s drinking status. Alcohol consumption decreased oxytocin immunoreactivity in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and increased FosB immunoreactivity in the centrally projecting Edinger–Westphal nucleus. Conclusions Established partner preference in female prairie voles is resistant to alcohol consumption. This finding suggests that the risk for disruption of intimate partner relationships in females is not mediated by a decreased motivation to be with their partners.

Alcohol: Effect on Blood Pressure and Predisposition to Hypertension

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (s7) ◽  
pp. 373s-375s ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Arkwright ◽  
L. J. Beilin ◽  
I. Rouse ◽  
B. K. Armstrong ◽  
R. Vandongen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Government Employees ◽  
Weekly Alcohol Consumption

1. The association between alcohol consumption and blood pressure was studied in 491 Government employees. The men, aged 21–45 years, volunteered to complete a health questionnaire and submitted to standardized measurements of blood pressure, heart rate and body size. 2. Average weekly alcohol consumption correlated with systolic pressure (r = 0.18, P &lt; 0.001) but not with diastolic pressure. Systolic pressure increased progressively with increasing alcohol consumption with no obvious threshold effect. The effect of alcohol was independent of age, obesity (Quetelet's index) or cigarette smoking. 3. Results indicate that alcohol ranks close to obesity as a preventable cause of essential hypertension in the community.

Comparative β-Adrenoreceptor-Blocking Effects and Pharmacokinetics of Propranolol and Pindolol in Hypertensive Africans

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (s5) ◽  
pp. 393s-396s ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Salako ◽  
A. O. Falase ◽  
A. Fadeke Aderounmu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Blocking Effects ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
African Patients

1. The β-adrenoreceptor-blocking effects of pindolol were compared with those of propranolol and a placebo in a double-blind cross-over trial involving nine hypertensive African patients. 2. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were measured at rest and immediately after exercise before and at intervals up to 6 h after oral administration of the drugs. In addition, plasma pindolol and propranolol concentrations were determined at the same intervals. 3. Pindolol diminished systolic blood pressure at rest and after exercise and antagonized exercise-induced tachycardia, but had no effect on resting heart rate. Propranolol diminished systolic blood pressure predominantly after exercise and reduced both resting and exercise heart rate. Both drugs had no effect on diastolic pressure. 4. The mean plasma concentration reached a peak at 2 h for each drug and this coincided with the interval at which maximal β-adrenoreceptor-blocking effect was observed.

scholarly journals The cardiovascular, metabolic and hormonal changes accompanying acute starvation in men and women

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Webber ◽  
I. A. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Acute Starvation

The effect of fasting for 12, 36 and 72 h was studied in twenty-nine healthy subjects (seventeen women and twelve men). Measurements were made of cardiovascular variables, metabolic rate, respiratory exchange ratio, plasma metabolites, insulin, thyroid hormones and catecholamines. During starvation there were no significant changes in blood pressure, whilst heart rate (beatslmin) increased at 36 h and remained elevated after 72 h (12 h 625 (SE 1.8), 36 h 68.0 (SE 1.9), 72 h 69 2 (SE 1.8);P< 0.001). Forearm blood flow(FBF),increased progressively from 3.32 (SE 0.20) to 6.21(SE0.46) m1/100 ml per min (P< 0.001). Resting metabolic rate (kJ/min) was significantly increased after 36 h of starvation (12 h 4 60 (SE 0.14), 36 h 4 88 (SE 0.13),P< 0.001), but was not significantly different from the 12 h value after 72 h (72 h 4.72(SE0.15)P= 0.06). The respiratory exchange ratio fell progressively from 0.80 to 076 to 0.72 (P< 0.001). Blood glucose fell, whilst plasma glycerol and β-hydroxybutyrate rose and plasma lactate did not change. Plasma insulin and free triiodothyronine fell during starvation. Plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline were unchanged at 36 h, but were significantly increased after 72 h. Both sexes showed a similar pattern of response to starvation, although absolute values of blood pressure, forearm blood flow, metabolic rate and plasma catecholamines were higher in men than women. Acute starvation produces profound cardiovascular and metabolic changes which are not explained by the accompanying hormonal changes.

Greater Antihypertensive Efficacy of the Calcium Channel Inhibitor Verapamil in Older and Low Renin Patients

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (s8) ◽  
pp. 439s-442s ◽  
Author(s):  
Fritz R. Bühler ◽  
U. Lennart Hulthén ◽  
Wolfgang Kiowski ◽  
Peter Bolli
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Calcium Influx ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Antihypertensive Efficacy ◽  
Mean Blood Pressure ◽  
Noradrenaline Concentration ◽  
Slow Channel ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Antihypertensive Response

1. The calcium slow channel inhibitor verapamil was administered as monotherapy (240-270 mg; mean 427 mg/day) on the average for 93 days to 43 patients with essential hypertension; 11 with low, 24 with normal and eight with high renin sodium index. 2. Verapamil reduced blood pressure from 171 ± 16/108 ± sd 6 mmHg to 152 ± 14/93 ± 9 (both P < 0.001); in 25 of the 43 patients a diastolic pressure ≤95 mmHg was achieved. Two patients each reported vertigo, sleeplessness and constipation. 3. The fall in mean blood pressure after verapamil was directly related to age (r = 0.759, P < 0.001), pretreatment mean blood pressure (r = 0.701, P < 0.01) and plasma noradrenaline concentration (r = 0.400, P < 0.05), and inversely related to plasma renin activity (r = −0.551), P < 0.001). These correlations were also significant for diastolic blood pressure. Accordingly, the antihypertensive response to verapamil was greatest in older and low renin patients. 4. This greater blood pressure decrease with verapamil in older and low renin patients suggests a greater calcium influx-dependent vasoconstriction in these patients, which seems to be directly related to the activity of the sympathetic nervous system.

Plasma Catecholamines and Plasma Renin Activity at Birth and during the First Days of Life

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (s6) ◽  
pp. 319s-321s ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Leonetti ◽  
C. Bianchini ◽  
G. B. Picotti ◽  
A. Cesura ◽  
Letizia Caccamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Noradrenaline And Adrenaline ◽  
Noradrenaline Levels

1. Plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations and plasma renin activity were measured in 21 mothers at delivery and in their babies at birth (umbilical cord blood) and on days 1 and 5 of extrauterine life. 2. At birth plasma renin activity was significantly higher in the newborn than in mothers. Plasma renin activity increased further, but not significantly, on day 1 of life and significantly decreased on day 5. On day 5, 10 min head-up tilting caused no change in plasma renin activity. 3. Plasma noradrenaline in the newborn was higher than in mothers at birth and significantly decreased thereafter. Plasma adrenaline levels at birth were similar in the newborn and their mothers and significantly lower in the newborn in subsequent days. Tilting caused no increase in either plasma adrenaline or noradrenaline levels. 4. No correlation was found between plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline levels and plasma renin activity, or between noradrenaline, adrenaline or plasma renin activity and blood pressure.

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