The role of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide in glomerular injury induced by puromycin aminonucleoside in rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Beaman ◽  
R. Birtwistle ◽  
A. J. Howie ◽  
J. Michael ◽  
D. Adu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Glomerular Injury ◽  
Urine Protein ◽  
Puromycin Aminonucleoside ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

1. The nephrotic syndrome was induced in inbred female Wistar rats by the intravenous injection of puromycin aminonucleoside (PA) (5 mg/100 g body weight). 2. One group (n = 12) received superoxide dismutase (SOD) (15 mg/kg body weight), a second group (n = 12) received polyethylene glycol coupled catalase (PEG-catalase) (5000 i.u./kg body weight) and the third (n = 9) saline (150 mmol/l NaCl) via the intraperitoneal route, in addition to the PA. 3. SOD and PEG-catalase reduced the 24 h urine protein on days 8 and 15 compared with unmodified puromycin treated animals and this difference was significant on day 15 for SOD (P < 0.05) and for PEG-catalase (P < 0.01). Glomerular filtration rate, as measured by the creatinine clearance, was lower in the PEG-catalase group but did not differ significantly from the saline treated group. 4. These data suggest that superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, or their reaction products, are involved in the glomerular injury of puromycin nephropathy.

Tryptophan-Niacin Metabolism in Rat with Puromycin Aminonucleoside-Induced Nephrosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukari Egashira ◽  
Shin Nagaki ◽  
Hiroo Sanada
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Puromycin Aminonucleoside ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Key Enzyme

We investigated the change of tryptophan-niacin metabolism in rats with puromycin aminonucleoside PAN-induced nephrosis, the mechanisms responsible for their change of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, and the role of the kidney in tryptophan-niacin conversion. PAN-treated rats were intraperitoneally injected once with a 1.0% (w/v) solution of PAN at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. The collection of 24-hour urine was conducted 8 days after PAN injection. Daily urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, liver and blood NAD, and key enzyme activities of tryptophan-niacin metabolism were determined. In PAN-treated rats, the sum of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites was significantly lower compared with controls. The kidneyα-amino-β-carboxymuconate-ε-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD) activity in the PAN-treated group was significantly decreased by 50%, compared with the control group. Although kidney ACMSD activity was reduced, the conversion of tryptophan to niacin tended to be lower in the PAN-treated rats. A decrease in urinary excretion of niacin and the conversion of tryptophan to niacin in nephrotic rats may contribute to a low level of blood tryptophan. The role of kidney ACMSD activity may be minimal concerning tryptophan-niacin conversion under this experimental condition.

Research of corrosion fracture of D16t and AMg6 aluminum alloys exposed to microscopic fungi

2021 ◽  
pp. 163-183
Author(s):  
D. V. Belov ◽  
S. N. Belyaev ◽  
M. V. Maksimov ◽  
G. A. Gevorgyan
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Anion Radical ◽  
Corrosion Damage ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Reductive Activation ◽  
Activation Of Oxygen

This paper presents an experimental study of biocorrosion of D16T and AMg6 aluminum alloys. The determining role of reactive oxygen species in aluminum biocorrosion by a consortium of molds has been shown. A model is proposed, according to which the initiators of corrosion damage to the metal surface are superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide released during the life of micromycetes. It is assumed that the initiation and development of biocorrosion occurs, among other things, as a result of the process of reductive activation of oxygen and the Fenton decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. A conclusion is made about the mechanism of the occurrence of intergranular and pitting corrosion of aluminum alloys interacting with microscopic fungi.

scholarly journals Role of Flavonoinds From Nigella sativum seeds in Decreasing the Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide on ECG in Adult Male Rabbits

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Barra Najim Al-Okaily
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Oral Intubation ◽  
T Wave ◽  
Group Control

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the role of flavonoinds of Nigella sativum seeds to reduce theeffect of hydrogen peroxide on electrocardiography in rabbits. Eighteen adult male rabbits were divided intothree equal groups (6\group) and were treated for six weeks as follows: first group (control), which were givenordinary tap water, second treated group (T1), animals in this group given 0.5%H2O2 in drinking water andthird treated group (T2) was handled as in T1 plus oral intubation of flavonoinds (27.5mg\Kg B.W).Electrocardiography was recordings from rabbits after 3 and 6 weeks of treatment. The results conducted thatH2O2 treated group (T1) showed significant increased in P-R interval, R-voltage and significant decreased in Twavevoltage and heart beats. While treatment of animals with flavonoinds of Nigella sativum seeds causedsignificant decrease in P-R interval and R-voltage with an increase in T-wave voltage and heart beats, direct toward their control levels. It was concluded that the flavonoinds of Nigella sativum can ameliorate the deleteriouseffects of hydrogen peroxide on electrocardiography .More studies are needed to convince these findings.

scholarly journals The Antioxidant Machinery of Young and Senescent Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells and Their Microvesicles

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Bodega ◽  
Matilde Alique ◽  
Lourdes Bohórquez ◽  
Sergio Ciordia ◽  
María C. Mena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Human Umbilical Vein ◽  
Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ◽  
Ros Scavengers ◽  
Antioxidant Machinery

We examine the antioxidant role of young and senescent human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and their microvesicles (MVs). Proteomic and Western blot studies have shown young HUVECs to have a complete and well-developed antioxidant system. Their MVs also contain antioxidant molecules, though of a smaller and more specific range, specialized in the degradation of hydrogen peroxide and the superoxide anion via the thioredoxin-peroxiredoxin system. Senescence was shown to be associated with a large increase in the size of the antioxidant machinery in both HUVECs and their MVs. These responses might help HUVECs and their MVs deal with the more oxidising conditions found in older cells. Functional analysis confirmed the antioxidant machinery of the MVs to be active and to increase in size with senescence. No glutathione or nonpeptide antioxidant (ascorbic acid and vitamin E) activity was detected in the MVs. Endothelial cells and MVs seem to adapt to higher ROS concentrations in senescence by increasing their antioxidant machinery, although this is not enough to recover completely from the senescence-induced ROS increase. Moreover, MVs could be involved in the regulation of the blood plasma redox status by functioning as ROS scavengers.

scholarly journals Resistance to the Nitric Oxide/Cyclic Guanosine 5′-Monophosphate/Protein Kinase G Pathway in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells from the Obese Zucker Rat, a Classical Animal Model of Insulin Resistance: Role of Oxidative Stress

Endocrinology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 149 (4) ◽  
pp. 1480-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Russo ◽  
P. Del Mese ◽  
G. Doronzo ◽  
L. Mattiello ◽  
M. Viretto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Vasp Phosphorylation ◽  
Donor Ability

Some in vivo and ex vivo studies demonstrated a resistance to the vasodilating effects of nitric oxide (NO) in insulin-resistant states and, in particular, obese Zucker rats (OZR). To evaluate the biochemical basis of this phenomenon, we aimed to identify defects of the NO/cGMP/cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) pathway in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from OZR and lean Zucker rats (LZR) by measuring: 1) NO donor ability to increase cGMP in the absence and presence of inhibitors of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) and phosphodiesterases (PDEs); 2) NO and cGMP ability to induce, via PKG, vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) phosphorylation at serine 239 and PDE5 activity; 3) protein expression of sGC, PKG, total VASP, and PDE5; 4) superoxide anion concentrations and ability of antioxidants (superoxide dismutase+catalase and amifostine) to influence the NO/cGMP/PKG pathway activation; and 5) hydrogen peroxide influence on PDE5 activity and VASP phosphorylation. VSMCs from OZR vs. LZR showed: 1) baseline cGMP concentrations higher, at least in part owing to reduced catabolism by PDEs; 2) impairment of NO donor ability to increase cGMP, even in the presence of PDE inhibitors, suggesting a defect in the NO-induced sGC activation; 3) reduction of NO and cGMP ability to activate PKG, indicated by the impaired ability to phosphorylate VASP at serine 239 and to increase PDE5 activity via PKG; 4) similar baseline protein expression of sGC, PKG, total VASP, and PDE5; and 5) higher levels of superoxide anion. Antioxidants partially prevented the defects of the NO/cGMP/PKG pathway observed in VSMCs from OZR, which were reproduced by hydrogen peroxide in VSMCs from LZR, suggesting the pivotal role of oxidative stress.

The homeostatic role of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion and nitric oxide in the vasculature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago J. Costa ◽  
Paula Rodrigues Barros ◽  
Cristina Arce ◽  
Jeimison Duarte Santos ◽  
Júlio da Silva-Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Superoxide Anion

scholarly journals Role of xanthine oxidase and granulocytes in ischemia-reperfusion injury

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (6) ◽  
pp. H1269-H1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Granger
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Microvascular Endothelium ◽  
Ischemic Period ◽  
Membrane Components

In this lecture, evidence is presented to support the following hypothesis regarding the roles of xanthine oxidase-derived oxidants and granulocytes in ischemia-reperfusion-induced microvascular injury. During the ischemic period, ATP is catabolized to yield hypoxanthine. The hypoxic stress also triggers the conversion of NAD-reducing xanthine dehydrogenase to the oxygen radical-producing xanthine oxidase. During reperfusion, molecular oxygen is reintroduced into the tissue where it reacts with hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase to produce a burst of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide. In the presence of iron, superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide react via the Haber-Weiss reaction to form hydroxyl radicals. This highly reactive and cytotoxic radical then initiates lipid peroxidation of cell membrane components and the subsequent release of substances that attract, activate, and promote the adherence of granulocytes to microvascular endothelium. The adherent granulocytes then cause further endothelial cell injury via the release of superoxide and various proteases.

An ESR study of UV-irradiated solutions of tetramethylammonium mercaptoundecahydro-closo-dodecaborate(2-) at 77 K

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Stopka ◽  
Oldřich Štrouf
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Ultraviolet Irradiation ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Oxygen Molecule ◽  
Superoxide Anion Radicals ◽  
Anion Radicals

The superoxide anion-radicals O2·- are generated by the ultraviolet irradiation of air- or oxygen-saturated aqueous solutions of tetramethylammonium mercaptoundecahydro-closo-dodecaborate(2-) at 77 K. The superoxide anion-radicals are formed from the oxygen molecule coordinated on the mercaptoundecahydro-closo-dodecaborate dianion. In the absence of this dianion no O2·- are generated. By the irradiation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide the formation of the superoxide anion-radicals is more intensive than in the presence of oxygen only. Simultaneously with O2·- generation the corresponding thiol radicals are formed. These radicals give the disulfide compound [B12H11S]24-. A possible role of sulfur-centered radicals in the autoxidation transformations of the mercaptoundecahydro-closo-dodecaborate dianion is discussed.

Reactive forms of oxygen and chemiluminescence in phagocytizing rabbit alveolar macrophages

1978 ◽  
Vol 235 (3) ◽  
pp. C103-C108 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Miles ◽  
V. Castranova ◽  
P. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Particle Uptake ◽  
O2 Production

Chemiluminescence (CL), superoxide anion (O2-) production, and particle uptake were measured to determine the role of antibacterial substances in the chemiluminescent response associated with phagocytosis in rabbit alveolar macrophages (AM). Exposure of AM to zymosan particles induced both CL and the production of extracellular O2-. CL is inhibited by superoxide dismutase, an enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of O2- to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), by catalase, an enzyme which destroys H2O2, and by the hydroxyl radical (.OH) scavengers, benzoate and ethanol. Superoxide dismutase and catalase probably exert their effects in the extracellular fluid. CL can also be produced by the addition of NaO2 or H2O2 to zymosan in a noncellular system. The chemiluminescent response occurs before particle uptake is complete, which also indicates that CL occurs in the extracellular fluid. These results suggest that CL induced by zymosan in AM is due to the extracellular reaction between various reactive forms of oxygen and zymosan.

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