Increase in Proteinuria and Reduction in Number of Anionic Sites on the Glomerular Basement Membrane in Rabbits by Infusion of Human Nephrotic Plasma in Vivo

1989 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan H. Wilkinson ◽  
Cecilia Gillespie ◽  
Barry Hartley ◽  
D. Gwyn Williams
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cationic Polymer ◽  
Anionic Sites ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Control Plasma

1. Intraortic suprarenal infusion in vivo of New Zealand White rabbits with plasma from patients with the nephrotic syndrome reduced the number of anionic sites labelled by the cationic polymer polyethyleneimine in the lamina rara iterna to 14.0 ± 2.7 per 1000 nm of lamina rara interna (mean ± sd) compared with 18.7 ± 2.1 (P < 0.005) after infusion of plasma from normal subjects. 2. Proteinuria increased in all nine animals infused with nephrotic plasma and in two of seven infused with control plasma (P < 0.01). The mean increase in proteinuria in the animals infused with nephrotic plasma was 246 mg/l (P < 0.05), whereas in those infused with control plasma there was no increase. 3. We conclude that nephrotic plasma contains a factor(s) capable of neutralizing the charge of these anionic sites and concomitantly increasing proteinuria.

Evidence for increased synthesis of lipoprotein(a) in the nephrotic syndrome.

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1474-1481
Author(s):  
M G De Sain-Van Der Velden ◽  
D J Reijngoud ◽  
G A Kaysen ◽  
M M Gadellaa ◽  
H Voorbij ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Fractional Synthesis Rate ◽  
Lipoprotein A ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Apolipoprotein A ◽  
Catabolic Rate ◽  
Fractional Synthesis ◽  
The Mean

In patients with the nephrotic syndrome, markedly increased levels of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) concentration have been frequently reported, and it has been suggested that this may contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk in these patients. The mechanism, however, is not clear. In the present study, in vivo fractional synthesis rate of Lp(a) was measured using incorporation of the stable isotope 13C valine. Under steady-state conditions, fractional synthesis rate equals fractional catabolic rate (FCR). FCR of Lp(a) was estimated in five patients with the nephrotic syndrome and compared with five control subjects. The mean plasma Lp(a) concentration in the patients (1749+/-612 mg/L) was higher than in control subjects (553+/-96 mg/L). Two patients were heterozygous for apolipoprotein(a) (range, 19 to 30 kringle IV domains), whereas all control subjects were each homozygous with regard to apolipoprotein(a) phenotype (range, 18 to 28 kringle IV domains). The FCR of Lp(a) was comparable between control subjects (0.072+/-0.032 pools/d) and patients (0.064+/-0.029 pools/d) despite the wide variance in plasma concentration. This suggests that differences in Lp(a) levels are caused by differences in synthesis rate. Indeed, the absolute synthetic rate of Lp(a) correlated directly with plasma Lp(a) concentration (P < 0.0001) in all subjects. The present results demonstrate that increased synthesis, rather than decreased catabolism, causes elevated plasma Lp(a) concentrations in the nephrotic syndrome.

Determination of the pH of Hemolyzed Packed Red Cells from Arterial Blood

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 536-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
May K Purcell ◽  
Gertrude M Still ◽  
Theodore Rodman ◽  
Henry P Close
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Fiducial Probability ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Red Cell Ph

Abstract A technic is described for the determination of the in vivo pH of red blood cell hemolysates. The mean arterial red cell pH of 20 normal subjects was 7.19 with a range of 7.15 to 7.22. The fiducial probability at the 0.95 level is 7.13 to 7.25. The mean difference in pH between plasma and cells was 0.21, with a range of 0.15 to 0.23. It is suggested that changes in pH of erythrocytes may reflect changes in other less accessible cells of the body and that the determination may be a useful research and clinical procedure in the study of metabolic and respiratory derangements.

scholarly journals Sexual maturity in rabbits defined by the physical and chemical characteristics of the semen

1978 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Macari ◽  
C. R. Machado
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Sodium Ions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Artificial Vagina

Semen was collected weekly from New Zealand white rabbits from the 1st positive mounting test to 43 weeks of age by means of an artificial vagina. The mean values of the results obtained in the 1st and 20th collection weeks were respectively: volume (ml) 0·61 ± 0·30 and 0·70 ± 0·19; pH 7·22 ± 0·50 and 7·19 ± 0±15; concentration (sperm/mm3 x 103) 750 ± 207 and 381 ± 90; fructose (mg/l00 ml) 117 ± 58 and 203 ± 121; citric acid (mg/l00 ml) 256 ± 90 and 200 ± 97; sodium ions (mEq/l) 133 ± 31 and 163 ± 46; potassium ions (mEq/l) 40 ± 21 and 29 ± 14. On the basis of these results, New Zealand white rabbits reach sexual maturity by 6 months of age.

In Vivo Measurement of Human Nasal Mucociliary Motility Using a Laser Light Scattering Instrument

1997 ◽  
Vol 106 (10) ◽  
pp. 859-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoav Paltieli ◽  
Ludwig Podoshin ◽  
Milo Fradis ◽  
Hala Shiti ◽  
Jacob Ben-David ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Laser Light Scattering ◽  
In Vivo Measurement ◽  
Fiberoptic Probe ◽  
The Mean ◽  
User Friendly

The mucociliary system is one of the most important airway defense mechanisms, and knowledge of the mucociliary wave frequency (MWF) is important in the understanding of this system. Employing a laser light scattering technique and a thin, flexible fiberoptic probe, we developed and tested a simple and practical device for real-time in vivo measurements of mucociliary activity in the human nose. The laser instrument is user-friendly and does not produce any discomfort to the patient. The mean ± SE of MWF of 36 measurements in 16 normal subjects was 7.7 ± 0.5 Hz. The mean MWF of 17 measurements in 7 patients with allergic rhinitis was 5.5 ± 0.2 Hz (p < .005), and the mean MWF of 56 measurements in 17 patients with septum deviation was 5.8 ± 0.2 Hz (p < .001). The instrument presented in this study might provide a new and convenient method of studying the mucociliary activity in the respiratory tract.

scholarly journals Intestinal Plasmacytosis in Rabbits: A Histologic and Ultrastructural Study

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 721-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Li ◽  
J. G. Fox ◽  
S. E. Erdman ◽  
N. S. Lipman
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Diffuse Infiltration ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Infiltrating Cells ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Well Differentiated

A retrospective study revealed intestinal plasmacytosis in 53 of 102 rabbits used in various experimental studies and as controls. The breeds affected included New Zealand white ( n = 46), Dutch-belted ( n = 6), and Watanabe ( n = 1) rabbits. Sex predisposition was not found in any breed. The mean (± SD) ages were 3.1 ± 1.4 years for New Zealand white rabbits, 1.3 ± 1.1 for Dutch-belted rabbits, and 2 years for the Watanabe rabbit. The severity increased with animal age. The incidence was higher ( P < 0.05) in rabbits used in antibody production and cholesterol studies. The lesions were characterized by multifocal to diffuse infiltration of well-differentiated plasma cells in the intestinal mucosa. Electron microscopic examination revealed typical plasma cell morphology of the infiltrating cells. Small intestine and cecum were the major sites affected. In severe cases, colon, rectum, trachea, esophagus, mesenteric lymph node, and spleen were also involved.

scholarly journals Assessment of corneal epithelial thickness mapping in epithelial basement membrane dystrophy

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0239124
Author(s):  
Juliette Buffault ◽  
Pierre Zéboulon ◽  
Hong Liang ◽  
Anthony Chiche ◽  
Jade Luzu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Corneal Epithelial ◽  
Epithelial Thickness ◽  
Epithelial Basement Membrane ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Corneal Epithelial Thickness ◽  
Epithelial Basement

Purpose To investigate the corneal epithelial thickness topography with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and its relationship with vision quality in epithelial basement membrane dystrophy (EBMD). Methods 45 eyes of EBMD patients, 26 eyes of dry eye (DED) patients and 22 eyes of normal subjects were enrolled. All participants were subjected to 9-mm corneal epithelial mapping with OCT and vision quality was assessed with the optical quality analysis system using the objective scatter index (OSI). Central, superior, inferior, minimum, maximum, and standard deviation of epithelium thickness (Irregularity), were analysed and correlations with the OSI were calculated. Results The mean (±SD) central, inferior and maximum epithelial thicknesses of the EBMD patients (respectively, 56.4 (±8.1) μm, 58.9 (±6.4) μm, and 67.1 (±8.3) μm) were thicker compared to DED patients (P<0.05) and normal subjects (P<0.05). We found greater irregularity of epithelial thickness in EBMD (5.1±2.5 μm) compared to DED patients (2.6±1.0 μm) (P = 4.4.10−6) and normal subjects (2.1±0.7 μm) (P = 7.6.10−7). The mean OSI was worse in EBMD patients than in DED patients (P = 0.01) and compared to normal subjects (P = 0.02). The OSI correlated with the epithelial thickness irregularity (Spearman coefficient = 0.54; P = 2.65.10−5). Conclusions The OCT pachymetry map demonstrated that EBMD patients had thicker corneal epithelium in the central and inferior region. These changes were correlated with objective measurements of vision quality. This OCT characterisation of the EMBD provides a better understanding of the epithelial behaviour in this dystrophy and its role in vision quality.

Extracorporeal Enzymatic Removal of Low Density Lipoproteins in Rabbits: Efficacy and Safety

1993 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Shefer ◽  
J. Ferreira ◽  
C. J-P. Mullon ◽  
R. Langer
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Enzyme Assays ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits

An extracorporeal circuit incorporating a plasma separator reactor (PSR) was designed to modify low density lipoproteins (LDL). The PSR was tested in vivo with hypercholesterolemic New Zealand White rabbits. The bioreactor enzymatically converts LDL to a form that can be removed by the body at an enhanced rate. The physiological response of hypercholesterolemic New Zealand White rabbits to 90 minute extracorporeal treatments was monitored. The total plasma cholesterol concentration in the treated rabbits fell sharply (up to 40% decrease) during and following the treatment. Results of safety tests indicate no significant enzyme leaching from the device, no disruption or damage to erythrocytes, no increase in white blood cell count and no liver damage as indicated by five enzyme assays. All safety measurements suggest that the treatment is safe.

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte cytoplasts mediate acute lung injury

1988 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 706-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. B. Antony ◽  
C. L. Owen ◽  
D. English
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte ◽  
Lung Lavage ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Endothelial Monolayers ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits

Injection of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) into polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)-depleted, PMN cytoplast-repleted New Zealand White rabbits caused the development of acute lung injury in vivo. PMN cytoplasts are nucleus- and granule-free vesicles of cytoplasm capable of releasing toxic O2 radicals but incapable of releasing granule enzymes. PMN cytoplasts when activated by PMA reduced 66 +/- 12.7 nmol of cytochrome c compared with 2.6 +/- 0.7 nmol in their resting state and did not release a significant quantity of granule enzymes (P greater than 0.05). Injection of PMA into New Zealand White rabbits caused a significant decrease (P less than 0.05) in the number of circulating cytoplasts. Increases in lung weight-to-body weight ratios in PMA-treated rabbits (9.8 +/- 0.5 X 10(-3] compared with saline-treated rabbits (5.3 +/- 0.2 X 10(-3] were also noted. Levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme in lung lavage as well as the change in alveolar-arterial O2 ratio correlated with the numbers of cytoplasts in lung lavage (P = 0.001, r = 0.84 and P = 0.0166, r = 0.73, respectively). Albumin in lung lavage increased to 1,700 +/- 186 mg/ml in PMA-treated rabbits from 60 +/- 30 mg/ml in saline-treated rabbits. These changes were attenuated by pretreatment of rabbits with dimethylthiourea (DMTU). In vitro, cytoplasts were able to mediate increases in endothelial monolayer permeability. This was evidenced by increases in fractional transit of albumin across endothelial monolayers when treated with PMA-activated cytoplasts (0.08 +/- 0.01 to 0.28 +/- 0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Continuous Rate Infusion of Ketamine Hydrochloride and Dexmedetomidine for Maintenance of Anesthesia during Laryngotracheal Surgery in New Zealand White Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-185
Author(s):  
Lea J Sayce ◽  
Maria E Powell ◽  
Emily E Kimball ◽  
Patty Chen ◽  
Gary J Gartling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Topical Lidocaine ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Ketamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Rate Infusion

New Zealand white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) are an established in vivo model for the study of structural and functional consequences of vocal-fold vibration. Research design requires invasive laryngotracheal procedures, and the presence of laryngospasms or pain responses (or both) hinder phonation-related data collection. Published anesthesia regimens report respiratory depression and muscle tone changes and have been unsuccessful in mitigating autonomic laryngeal responses in our protocol. Infusion of ketamine hydrochloride and dexmedetomidine hydrochloride in pediatric medicine provides effective analgesia and sedation for laryngotracheal procedures including intubation and bronchoscopy; however, data evaluating the use of ketamine–dexmedetomidine infusion in rabbits are unavailable. This study reports a new infusion regimen, which was used in 58 male New Zealand white rabbits that underwent a nonsurvival laryngotracheal procedure to induce phonotraumatic vocal-fold injury. Animals were sedated by using ketamine hydrochloride (20 mg/kg IM) and dexmedetomidine (0.125 mg/kg IM). Maintenance anesthesia was provided by using continuous rate intravenous infusion of ketamine hydrochloride (343 μg/kg/min) and dexmedetomidine (1.60 μg/kg/min). A stable plane of anesthesia with no autonomic laryngeal response (laryngospasm) was achieved in 32 of the 58 rabbits (55%). Laryngospasms occurred in 25 of 58 animals (43%) and were controlled in 20 cases (80%) by providing 0.33 mL 2% topical lidocaine, incremental increase in infusion rate, or both. Continuous rate infusion of ketamine hydrochloride–dexmedetomidine with prophylactic topical lidocaine provides a predictable and adjustable surgical plane of anesthesia, with minimal confounding respiratory and autonomic laryngeal responses, during extended-duration laryngotracheal surgery in rabbits. This regimen should be considered as an alternative to injection maintenance for prolonged, invasive procedures.

Interleukin-35 promotes early endothelialization after stent implantation by regulating macrophage activation

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (7) ◽  
pp. 869-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianglan Liu ◽  
Ruoxi Zhang ◽  
Jingbo Hou ◽  
Jian Wu ◽  
Maomao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Neointimal Hyperplasia ◽  
Macrophage Phenotype ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background: Early strut coverage after sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) implantation is associated with the activation of inflammation, but the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. The present study aimed to identify the relationship between the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL) 35 (IL-35) and early strut coverage in vivo and in vitro. Methods: We utilized a retrospective study design to measure IL-35 levels in 68 stents from 68 patients with coronary artery disease and recorded serial optical coherence tomography (OCT) images (0 and 3 months) to assess stent endothelialization. The mechanism underlying the regulatory effects of IL-35 on macrophages and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was also investigated. SESs were surgically implanted into the right common carotid arteries of 200 male New Zealand White rabbits receiving intravenous injections of IL-35 or a placebo. Results: At the 3-month OCT evaluation, complete endothelium coverage was correlated with IL-35 levels. IL-35 induced the activation of an anti-inflammatory M2-like macrophage phenotype by targeting the signal transducer and activators of transcription (STAT)1/4 signalling pathway, and IL-35-treated macrophages induced endothelial proliferation and alleviated endothelial dysfunction. IL-35-treated New Zealand White rabbits with implanted SESs showed lower percentages of cross-sections with an uncovered strut, elevated mean neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) thickness, and inhibited inflammatory responses. Conclusions: We investigated the effect of IL-35 expression on early stent endothelialization in vivo and in vitro and identified a crucial role for IL-35 in inducing the activation of an anti-inflammatory M2-like macrophage phenotype. The present study highlights a new therapeutic strategy for early stent endothelialization.

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