Metabolic Effects of Low-Dose Dopamine Infusion in Normal Volunteers

1990 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 605-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy J. Regan ◽  
R. Duckworth ◽  
Judith A. Fairhurst ◽  
Paula F. Maycock ◽  
K. N. Frayn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Dopamine Infusion

1. Dopamine in 5% (w/v) d-glucose was infused into five healthy male volunteers at doses of 2, 5 and 10 μg min−1 kg−1 over three sequential periods of 45 min each. 2. Oxygen consumption, respiratory exchange ratio, blood glucose concentration and plasma levels of free fatty acids, glycerol, lactate, dopamine, adrenaline and noradrenaline were measured. The results were compared with values obtained during infusion over the same time period of the corresponding volumes of 5% (w/v) d-glucose alone. 3. Energy expenditure calculated from the oxygen consumption and the respiratory exchange ratio was higher than control values during infusion of dopamine (P < 0.001, analysis of variance) specifically at a rate of 10 μg min−1 kg−1 (P < 0.05) when it was 14% higher, but not at a rate 2 of or 5 μg min−1 kg−1. The plasma noradrenaline concentration was 74 and 230% and the blood glucose concentration was 21 and 36% higher than control values at 5 and 10 μg of dopamine min−1 kg−1, respectively (P < 0.01). At 10 μg of dopamine min−1 kg−1 the plasma free fatty acid concentration was 70% and the plasma glycerol concentration was 80% higher than during the control infusion (P < 0.01). The respiratory exchange ratio and the plasma lactate concentration were the same in the two groups and did not alter during the dopamine infusion. The plasma adrenaline concentration rose significantly (P < 0.01), but only transiently, during dopamine infusion at a rate of 2 μg min−1 kg−1. 4. Dopamine at low doses has metabolic effects. It increases the blood glucose concentration and the circulating noradrenaline level at an infusion rate of 5 μg min−1 kg−1. It increases energy expenditure and circulating free fatty acid and glycerol levels at an infusion rate of 10 μg min−1 kg−1, presumably due to stimulation of lipolysis.

Metabolic effects of dobutamine in normal man

1992 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceri J. Green ◽  
R. S. Frazer ◽  
S. Underhill ◽  
Paula Maycock ◽  
Judith A. Fairhurst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Dobutamine Infusion ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Placebo Infusion

1. Dobutamine in 5% (w/v) d-glucose was infused at sequential doses of 2, 5 and 10 μg min−1 kg−1, 45 min at each dose, into eight healthy male subjects, and the effects were compared with those produced by infusion of the corresponding volumes of 5% (w/v) d-glucose alone. 2. The energy expenditure increased and was 33% higher than control (P<0.001) at 10 μg of dobutamine min−1 kg−1. The respiratory exchange ratio decreased from 0.85 (sem 0.02) before infusion to 0.80 (sem 0.01) at 10 μg of dobutamine min−1 kg−1, but did not alter during the placebo infusion (P> 0.001). 3. Plasma noradrenaline concentrations were lower during the dobutamine infusion compared with during the infusion of d-glucose alone (P < 0.025). Plasma dopamine concentrations remained below 0.1 nmol/l throughout both infusions. 4. Compared with during the placebo infusion, the blood glucose concentration decreased (P < 0.001), the plasma glycerol and free fatty acid concentrations increased by 150 and 225%, respectively (both P < 0.001), and the plasma potassium concentration decreased from 3.8 (sem 0.07) to 3.6 (sem 0.04) mmol/l (P<0.01) during dobutamine infusion. The plasma insulin concentration increased at 2 and 5 μg of dobutamine min−1 kg−1 (P<0.001) with no further rise at 10 μg of dobutamine min−1 kg−1. 5. Compared with during the placebo infusion, the systolic and diastolic blood pressures and the heart rate increased during dobutamine infusion (P<0.01). At 10 μg of dobutamine min−1 kg−1, the systolic blood pressure was around 160 mmHg (P < 0.001) and the heart rate was around 92 (sem 8) beats/min compared with 59 (sem 4) beats/min during the placebo infusion (P < 0.001). 6. Dobutamine has metabolic effects. It is markedly thermogenic and lipolytic. It depresses the respiratory exchange ratio and endogenous noradrenaline secretion, stimulates insulin secretion and depresses the blood glucose concentration.

scholarly journals Pengaruh substitusi fodder jagung pada silase rumput alam terhadap konsumsi dan kecernaan serat, konsentrasi VFA dan kadar glukosa darah pada pedet jantan sapi persilangan ongole x brahman lepas sapih

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Sefrans Banamtuan ◽  
I Gusti Ngurah Jelantik ◽  
G. A. Y. Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of corn fodder on intake and fiber digestibility, volatile fatty acid and blood glucose concentration  of weaned Ongole x Brahman calves. This experiment followed a 4x4 latin square design with four treatments, i.e. G : 100% nature grass silage, GCF1 : 35% nature grass silage, 35% corn fodder silage and 30% concentrate, GCF2 : 17,5% nature grass silage, 52,5% corn fodder and 30% concentrate, GCF3 : 70% corn fodder and 30% concentrate. The measured variables included fiber intake and digestibility, volatile fatty acid and blood glucose concentration. Data were subjected to Analysis of Variance (Anova) followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test to separate between means with SPSS 21. Result showed that fiber intake was significantly (P<0,05) lower in GCF3 (299,88 g.d-1) compared to the other treatments which varied between 661,55 to 1293,95 g.d-1. Fiber digestibility, however, did not differ (P>0,05) between treatments, i.e. varied between 55,95 to 72,65%. Volatile Fatty Acid concentration increased (P<0,05) with the increasing  levels substitutions of corn fodder in feed. The treatments did not affect (P>0,05) blood glucose concentration of Ongole calves. It can be concluded that substitution of corn fodder for native grass silage has significant effect on fiber intake and Volatile Fatty Acid concentration but not on fiber digestibility and blood glucose  concentration of weaned cross Ongole calves.

scholarly journals The SGLT2 inhibitor canagliflozin suppresses lipid synthesis and interleukin-1 beta in ApoE deficient mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 477 (12) ◽  
pp. 2347-2361
Author(s):  
Emily A. Day ◽  
Rebecca J. Ford ◽  
Jessie H. Lu ◽  
Rachel Lu ◽  
Lucie Lundenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Sglt2 Inhibitor ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Acid Oxidation

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors such as canagliflozin lower blood glucose and reduce cardiovascular events in people with type 2 diabetes through mechanisms that are not fully understood. Canagliflozin has been shown to increase the activity of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a metabolic energy sensor important for increasing fatty acid oxidation and energy expenditure and suppressing lipogenesis and inflammation, but whether AMPK activation is important for mediating some of the beneficial metabolic effects of canagliflozin has not been determined. We, therefore, evaluated the effects of canagliflozin in female ApoE−/− and ApoE−/−AMPK β1−/− mice fed a western diet. Canagliflozin increased fatty acid oxidation and energy expenditure and lowered adiposity, blood glucose and the respiratory exchange ratio independently of AMPK β1. Canagliflozin also suppressed liver lipid synthesis and the expression of ATP-citrate lyase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and sterol response element-binding protein 1c independently of AMPK β1. Canagliflozin lowered circulating IL-1β and studies in bone marrow-derived macrophages indicated that in contrast with the metabolic adaptations, this effect required AMPK β1. Canagliflozin had no effect on the size of atherosclerotic plaques in either ApoE−/− and ApoE−/−AMPK β1−/− mice. Future studies investigating whether reductions in liver lipid synthesis and macrophage IL-1β are important for the cardioprotective effects of canagliflozin warrant further investigation.

Seasonal variations of the oxygen consumption and the blood glucose concentration under low temperature conditions in the male tortoise, Testudo hermanni hermanni GMELIN

1981 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Kuchling
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Testudo Hermanni ◽  
Metabolic Preparation ◽  
Testudo Hermanni Hermanni

AbstractTortoises (Testudo hermanni hermanni) which are cooled down to 5 °C show a considerable higher oxygen consumption during the first week at this temperature in June and August than in November, which is the time when hibernation normally starts. Prolonging the low temperature conditions in spring leads to an increase in oxygen consumption. The blood glucose concentration is reduced during normal hibernation, but can rise quickly when the animals are disturbed. During cold torpor induced in June and August the blood glucose concentration is drastically increased. The results support the hypothesis according which hibernation in the tortoise is the result of a metabolic preparation in autumn and cannot be induced artificially during spring and summer. Endogenous factors are involved in the termination of the physiological phenomena of hibernation in spring.

Effect of glucagon on thermogenesis in the pigeon.

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (5) ◽  
pp. E451
Author(s):  
E Hohtola ◽  
R Hissa ◽  
S Saarela
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Plasma Ffa ◽  
Adrenergic Blocking

The effects of glucagon injection on temperature regulation and some metabolic parameters were studied in the pigeon. Glucagon (100 microng/kg) always inhibited shivering and caused a fall in the oxygen consumption and body temperature of the unanesthetized pigeon at + 6 degrees C. At + 34 degrees C, the same dose of glucagon had no effect on these parameters. At 22 degrees C, glucagon produced an elevation in plasma free fatty acid (FFA) and blood glucose levels. The rise in FFA at 22 degrees C coincided with the suppression of shivering at 6 degrees C. The glucagon-mediated rise in plasma FFA, but not glucose level, was potentiated by cold ambient temperature. Adrenergic blocking agents given prior to glucagon did not abolish its effects. Phentolamine even prolonged the absence and accelerated the suppression of shivering. A dissociation in the mechanisms by which catecholamines and glucagon suppress shivering is suggested. Although mobilizing energy reserves, glucagon does not seem to be calorigenic in the pigeon at this dose. The interpretation of the changes in plasma FFA levels is discussed in relation to fuel consumption during shivering.

scholarly journals FGF19 in the Hindbrain Lowers Blood Glucose and Alters Excitability of Vagal Motor Neurons in Hyperglycemic Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan B Wean ◽  
Bret N Smith
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors ◽  
Dorsal Hindbrain

Abstract Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) is a protein hormone that produces antidiabetic effects when administered intracerebroventricularly in the forebrain. However, no studies have examined how FGF19 affects hindbrain neurons that participate directly in autonomic control of systemic glucose regulation. Within the dorsal hindbrain, parasympathetic motor neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) express fibroblast growth factor receptors and their activity regulates visceral homeostatic processes, including energy balance. This study tested the hypothesis that FGF19 acts in the hindbrain to alter DMV neuron excitability and lower blood glucose concentration. Fourth ventricle administration of FGF19 produced no effect on blood glucose concentration in control mice, but induced a significant, peripheral muscarinic receptor-dependent decrease in systemic hyperglycemia for up to 12 h in streptozotocin-treated mice, a model of type 1 diabetes. Patch-clamp recordings from DMV neurons in vitro revealed that FGF19 application altered synaptic and intrinsic membrane properties of DMV neurons, with the balance of FGF19 effects being significantly modified by a recent history of systemic hyperglycemia. These findings identify central parasympathetic circuitry as a novel target for FGF19 and suggest that FGF19 acting in the dorsal hindbrain can alter vagal output to produce its beneficial metabolic effects.

Free fatty acid turnover and oxygen consumption. Effects of noradrenaline in nonfasted and nonanesthetized cold-adapted rats

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 797-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Lafrance ◽  
Georges Lagacé ◽  
Danièle Routhier
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Cold Adapted ◽  
Plasma Ffa

The effects of a 3-h noradrenaline (NA) infusion (1.5 μg kg−1 min−1) on the O2 consumption, the respiratory quotient (RQ), the concentration of plasma free fatty acids (FFA), and the rates of appearance (Ra) and disappearance (Rd) of plasma FFA were studied in nonfasted and nonanesthetized control and cold-adapted rats. To calculate the Ra FFA and Rd FFA, [1-14C]palmitate complexed to albumin was infused as a tracer. The concentrations of glucose and lactate in blood were also determined before and during the NA infusion. The enhanced O2 consumption produced by NA in cold-adapted rats was associated with a decreased RQ. The Ra FFA and Rd FFA were more enhanced by NA in cold-adapted than in control rats whereas the plasma FFA concentration was less elevated in cold-adapted rats. The blood lactate was barely increased by the NA infusion in cold-adapted rats and was not modified in control rats. Blood glucose was increased by NA in both control and cold-adapted rats but to a greater extent in control rats during the last 90 min of NA infusion. These results suggest that the enhanced calorigenic response to NA observed in nonfasted and nonanesthetized cold-adapted rats is related, at least partly, to an enhanced lipid metabolism; the RQ is low and Ra FFA and Rd FFA are greatly increased. However, the contribution of other energetic substrates like glucose will also be investigated in further studies.

In Vitro Effects of Carbutamide and Tolbutamide on Isolated Frog Muscle

1958 ◽  
Vol 192 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. H. Gourley ◽  
R. H. Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Frog Muscle ◽  
Sulfonylurea Compounds ◽  
In Vitro Effects

Carbutamide and tolbutamide, sulfonylurea compounds which reduce the blood glucose concentration in intact animals, do not act like insulin in isolated frog muscle. Carbutamide, like sulfanilamide, inhibits the consumption of oxygen and increases the loss of potassium from the muscle. Tolbutamide greatly increases the oxygen consumption and decreases the loss of potassium from the tissue. These effects of tolbutamide are accompanied by a loss of muscle glycogen and an accumulation of lactate. Since the effect of tolbutamide on oxygen consumption can be inhibited with sodium azide, the extra oxygen is presumably used to oxidize the accumulating lactate and energy is thus provided to increase the influx of potassium into the tissue.

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