Features of the training process of freestyle wrestlers in the pre-competition stage

As a kind of sport, wrestling is characterized by a complex compositional nature of preparing, which requires equal attention to the development of the physical and functional qualities of an athlete. The aim of the study is to optimize the mode and algorithm of training loads of a competitive nature in the period of preparation. The effectiveness of the training process was evaluated by functional indices and blood lactate level not only at the end of training load, but also in the recovery period. In the process of the study also, pedagogical analysis was carried out, anthropometric parameters and analysis of body components were determined. The results of the study indicate the need for regular monitoring of the regime of loads in order to timely correction of the training process, taking into account the individual characteristics of wrestlers at the stage of pre-competition preparing. Keywords: competitive wrestling; freestyle wrestling; functional preparation; lactate; training process.

Target blood pressure management during cardiopulmonary bypass improves lactate levels after cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial

Background Hyperlactatemia is associated with a poor prognosis in cardiac surgery patients. This study explored the impact of target blood pressure management during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on blood lactate levels after cardiac surgery. Methods Adult patients undergoing cardiac valve surgery between 20/1/2020 and 30/6/2020 at Shanghai Chest Hospital were enrolled. The patients were randomized into a low mean arterial pressure (L-MAP) group (target MAP between 50 and 60 mmHg) or a high mean arterial pressure (H-MAP) group (target MAP between 70 and 80 mmHg), n = 20 for each. Norepinephrine was titrated only during CPB to maintain MAP at the target level. Blood lactate levels in the two groups were detected before the operation (T0), at the end of CPB (T1), at the end of the operation (T2), 1 h after the operation (T3), 6 h after the operation (T4) and 24 h after the operation (T5). The primary outcome was the blood lactate level at the end of the operation (T2). The secondary outcomes included the blood lactate level at T1, T3, T4, and T5 and the dose of epinephrine and dopamine within 24 h after the operation, time to extubation, length of stay in the ICU, incidence of readmission within 30 days, and mortality within 1 year. Results Forty patents were enrolled and analyzed in the study. The lactate level in the H-MAP group was significantly lower than that in the L-MAP group at the end of the operation (3.1 [IQR 2.1, 5.0] vs. 2.1 [IQR 1.7, 2.9], P = 0.008) and at the end of CPB and 1 hour after surgery. The dose of epinephrine within 24 h after the operation, time to extubation and length of stay in the ICU in the L-MAP group were significantly higher than those in the H-MAP group. Conclusions Maintaining a relatively higher MAP during CPB deceased the blood lactate level at the end of surgery, reduced epinephrine consumption, and shortened the time to extubation and length of stay in the ICU after surgery. Trial registration This single-center, prospective, RCT has completed the registration of the Chinese Clinical Trial Center at 8/1/2020 with the registration number ChiCTR2000028941. It was conducted from 20/1/2020 to 30/6/2020 as a single, blinded trial in Shanghai Chest Hospital.

Alteration of Blood Lactate Levels in Severe Falciparum Malaria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Metabolic acidosis in severe malaria usually occurs in the form of lactic acidosis. The present study aimed to collate articles from the literature that have reported blood lactate levels in patients with severe malaria and tested the hypothesis that blood lactate levels are elevated in patients with malaria compared to those with uncomplicated malaria. Moreover, the difference in lactate levels between patients who died and those who survived was estimated using a meta-analytic approach. Potentially relevant studies were searched for in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Jadad scale and strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE). The pooled mean blood lactate in patients with severe malaria, the pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) of blood lactate between patients with severe malaria and those with uncomplicated malaria, and the pooled WMD and 95% CI of blood lactate between patients who died from and those who survived severe malaria were estimated using the random-effects model. Heterogeneity among the outcomes of the included studies was assessed using Cochran’s Q and I2 statistics. A meta-regression analysis was performed to identify the source(s) of heterogeneity of outcomes among the included studies. A subgroup analysis was further performed to separately analyze the outcomes stratified by the probable source(s) of heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed by the visual inspection of the funnel plot asymmetry. Of 793 studies retrieved from the searches, 30 studies were included in qualitative and quantitative syntheses. The pooled mean lactate in patients with severe malaria was 5.04 mM (95% CI: 4.44–5.64; I2: 99.9%; n = 30,202 cases from 30 studies). The mean lactate in patients with severe malaria (1568 cases) was higher than in those with uncomplicated malaria (1693 cases) (p = 0.003; MD: 2.46; 95% CI: 0.85–4.07; I2: 100%; nine studies). The mean lactate in patients with severe malaria who died (272 cases) was higher than in those with severe malaria who survived (1370 cases) (p < 0.001; MD: 2.74; 95% CI: 1.74–3.75; I2: 95.8%; six studies). In conclusion, the present study showed a high mean difference in blood lactate level between patients with severe malaria and patients with uncomplicated malaria. In addition, there was a high mean difference in blood lactate level between patients with severe malaria who died compared to those with severe malaria who survived. Further studies are needed to investigate the prognostic value of blood lactate levels to identify patients who are at high risk of developing severe malaria or dying.

Target blood pressure management during cardiopulmonary bypass improves lactate level after cardiac surgery: A randomized controlled trial

Background：Hyperlactacidemia seriously affects the prognosis of cardiac surgery patients. This study was to explore the impact of target blood pressure management during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on blood lactate level after cardiac surgery. Methods: Enrolled in this study were patients≧ 18 years who were scheduled for cardiac valve surgery between January 1, 2020 and June 30, 2020 at Shanghai Chest Hospital. The enrolled patients were randomized into a low mean arterial pressure (L-MAP) group (target MAP between 50-60mmHg) and a high mean arterial pressure (H-MAP) group (target MAP between 70-80 mmHg). Norepinephrine was titrated during CPB to maintain MAP at the target level.Blood lactate levels in the two groups were detect before operation (T0), at the end of CPB (T1), at the end of operation (T2), 1 h after operation (T3), 6 h after operation (T4) and 24 h after operation (T5) as the primary outcome. The secondary outcome was the dose of epinephrine and dopamine within 24 h after operation, at the time of extubation, during ICU stay, at the time of readmission within 30 days, and mortality in 1 year. Results: There was no significant difference in blood lactate level between the two groups at T0, T4 and T5. The lactate level in H-MAP group was significantly lower than that in L-MAP group (1.68±0.73, 2.33±0.93 and 2.90±1.09 mM;L-1 vs. 2.29±1.12, 3.63±1.86 and 4.60±2.24 mM;L-1) at T1, T2 and T3. The dose of epinephrine within 24 h after operation, at the time of extubation and during ICU stay in L-MAP group was significantly higher than that in H-MAP group. Conclusions: Target MAP management in patients with relatively high levels of MAP during CPB could decrease the blood lactate level, reduce epinephrine consumption, and shorten the time of extubation and length of ICU stay after surgery, thus improving the prognosis of cardiac surgery patients. Trial registration: This single-center single-blind RCT has completed the registration of the Chinese Clinical Trial Center with the registration number ChiCTR2000028941.

Relationship Between Speed of Striking and Time to Exhaustion of an Elite Deaf Karateka

Problem statement. Karate is part of the Deaflympic Games program, however, the problems of the training process in Deaflympic sports have not been sufficiently studied. Approach. The study involved an elite female karate player, a three-time deaflympic champion. During the annual macrocycle, in shock microcycles, the athlete performed a specific aerobic test for karatekas (KSAT), which includes a series of strokes: kizami zuki, mawashi geri, gyaku zuki, kizami mawashi geri. The following indicators were studied: speed of striking, time to exhaustion, level, blood lactate level, heart rate during the test. Purpose: to find out the speed abilities, time to exhaustion, and their correlation of an elite karateka with hearing problems during KSAT. Physiological indicators of fatigue while test performing have been also studied and compared with the data of healthy athletes. Results: The athlete completed 27 KSAT series during the year. The heart rate was 191.6±5.2 , the lactate level was 13.3±0.9 mmol, and was 48.4±2.05. The period before exhaustion was 642.3±33.8 s, the speed of striking was: kizami zuki - 5.9±0.27; mawashi geri - 9.27±0.24; gyaku zuki - 7.41±0.35 , kizami mawashi geri - 6.3±0.3 . The correlation relationship indicators between the speed of striking and the time to exhaustion were equal: kizami zuki - r=0.89; mawashi geri - r=0.87; gyaku zuki - r=0.91; kizami mawashi geri - r=0.82 (p <0.001 for all indicators). Conclusions: There is a strong correlation between the speed of striking during the performance of KSAT and the time to exhaustion. High levels of lactate in the blood and heart rate indicate work in the anaerobic zone during striking. The results shown by a deaf elite athlete supplement the previous research data, in which karatekas of different qualifications and sex took part.

Association of Antioxidant Intake and Blood Lactate Level Among 20–55 Years Old Malaysian Adults

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary antioxidant intake and blood lactate level among 20–55 years old Malaysian adults. Methods Subjects (N = 80) of this cross-sectional study were recruited through convenience sampling. Sole Fitness LCB Upright Bike was used to conduct the modified Wingate Anaerobic Test. Dietary antioxidant level was assessed by using Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS) 2014 food frequency questionnaire. Short Form International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to assess the physical activity level of the subjects. Blood lactate concentration was assessed by The Edge TM blood lactate analyzer, before and after exercise. Saliva samples were collected from subjects for total antioxidant capacity determination using the 2,2-diphenyl-1- picryl-hydrazyl test of saliva (DPPHS) assay. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Results The median of total antioxidant intake among Malaysian male and female adults were 1030.64 (734.74) and 9392.90 (10360.44) mg/day, respectively. A significant difference between the means blood lactate level before and after exercise was observed, however, no significant difference in the mean salivary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) before and after exercise. No significant association observed between the total antioxidant intake and salivary TAC before exercise for both males and females, whereas a significant positive moderate association was observed after exercise for females. A significant inverse moderate association between blood lactate level and salivary TAC before exercise was observed among the males in the present study but no association found after exercise for both males and females. Conclusions Present study indicated no significant association between the total dietary antioxidant intake and blood lactate level among Malaysian adults aged 20–55 years old. Future research with larger sample size should develop strategically to confirm these initial findings. Funding Sources International Medical University, Malaysia

Lactate Clearance at 24 of Hours as Predictors of Outcome in Children with Shock

Background: Monitoring of tissue perfusion markers like lactate and its clearance is necessary for early recognition of shock in sick children which will enable the caregiver to initiate an appropriate and timely therapy. Objective: To study the blood lactate clearance at 24 hours of admission and its prognostic importance in predicting the outcomes in children with shock. Methods: This was a “prospective observational” study, conducted in NICU and PICU at Sparsh multispeciality hospital, Bhilai and Jagannath hospital, Bhubaneswar over 80 children presented with shock, from January 2018 to December 2020. Blood lactate level at admission and after 24 hours were evaluated and lactate clearance was compared with mortality. Results: In lactate clearance >20% group, mortality was only 3.8% wherein LC<20% group, mortality was 52.17%. In Lactate clearance < 10% group, inotropes (p0.0002), ventilator support (p-0.0015) were needed more than Lactate clearance > 20% group. When initial lactate >6mmol/dl, 35% of neonates died in comparison to 11.76% in the group having initial lactate <6mmol/dl. The average lactate clearance among the survivors was 28.35% and among the non-survivors was 5.73% (P <0.001). AUC between lactate clearance and mortality was 0.73 suggestive of a good correlation. Conclusion: Lactate clearance of less than 10% at 24 hours of admission showed a good correlation in predicting the mortality in children with shock.