Muscle Bioenergetic Considerations for Intrinsic Laryngeal Skeletal Muscle Physiology

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1254-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary J. Sandage ◽  
Audrey G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Physiology ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Muscle Physiology ◽  
Voice Training ◽  
Exercise Science ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Human Models ◽  
Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscle

PurposeIntrinsic laryngeal skeletal muscle bioenergetics, the means by which muscles produce fuel for muscle metabolism, is an understudied aspect of laryngeal physiology with direct implications for voice habilitation and rehabilitation. The purpose of this review is to describe bioenergetic pathways identified in limb skeletal muscle and introduce bioenergetic physiology as a necessary parameter for theoretical models of laryngeal skeletal muscle function.MethodA comprehensive review of the human intrinsic laryngeal skeletal muscle physiology literature was conducted. Findings regarding intrinsic laryngeal muscle fiber complement and muscle metabolism in human models are summarized and exercise physiology methodology is applied to identify probable bioenergetic pathways used for voice function.ResultsIntrinsic laryngeal skeletal muscle fibers described in human models support the fast, high-intensity physiological requirements of these muscles for biological functions of airway protection. Inclusion of muscle bioenergetic constructs in theoretical modeling of voice training, detraining, fatigue, and voice loading have been limited.ConclusionsMuscle bioenergetics, a key component for muscle training, detraining, and fatigue models in exercise science, is a little-considered aspect of intrinsic laryngeal skeletal muscle physiology. Partnered with knowledge of occupation-specific voice requirements, application of bioenergetics may inform novel considerations for voice habilitation and rehabilitation.

The Versatility of the Pump-Perfused Rat Hindlimb Preparation: Examples Relating to Skeletal Muscle Function and Energy Metabolism

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 576-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Baker ◽  
Russell T. Hepple
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Exercise Physiology ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Perfusion Medium ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
And Control ◽  
Fast Freezing

The pump-perfused rat hindlimb model, in various forms, has been in use for several decades. There are many applications for this model, owing to the ability to control the content and rate of perfusion. In the context of exercise physiology this model has been put to particularly good use. In this report we summarize some of the central surgical differences between different versions of the pump-perfused rat hindlimb model, including the double hindlimb + trunk, double hindlimb alone, single hindlimb, and distal hindlimb-alone models. We also summarize specific elements of the perfusion medium and measurement of force used in our lab during assessment of muscle metabolic and contractile responses, and illustrate some of the differences from the in vivo condition that merit consideration. We then provide specific examples of how the single pump-perfused hindlimb and distal hindlimb-alone versions of this model have been used to study muscle function and energy metabolism. In this context we show how this model can be used to permit the experimenter to manipulate and control the rate of O2delivery and to add specific compounds that inhibit a particular aspect of muscle metabolism, such that in combination with measurements of the flux of specific substances across the muscle and/or fast-freezing of muscle after contractions, more can be understood about the metabolic state of the contracting muscles. Key words: aerobic metabolism, mitochondria, aging, adaptation

scholarly journals RabGAPs in skeletal muscle function and exercise

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. R1-R19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Espelage ◽  
Hadi Al-Hasani ◽  
Alexandra Chadt
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Exercise Physiology ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Exercise Endurance ◽  
Muscle Glucose Transport

The two closely related RabGAPs TBC1D1 and TBC1D4 are key signaling factors of skeletal muscle substrate utilization. In mice, deficiency in both RabGAPs leads to reduced skeletal muscle glucose transport in response to insulin and lower GLUT4 abundance. Conversely, Tbc1d1 and Tbc1d4 deficiency results in enhanced lipid use as fuel in skeletal muscle, through yet unknown mechanisms. In humans, variants in TBC1D1 and TBC1D4 are linked to obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. While the specific function in metabolism of each of the two RabGAPs remains to be determined, TBC1D1 emerges to be controlling exercise endurance and physical capacity, whereas TBC1D4 may rather be responsible for maintaining muscle insulin sensitivity, muscle contraction, and exercise. There is growing evidence that TBC1D1 also plays an important role in skeletal muscle development, since it has been found to be associated to meat production traits in several livestock species. In addition, TBC1D1 protein abundance in skeletal muscle is regulated by both, insulin receptor and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptor signaling. This review focuses on the specific roles of the two key signaling factors TBC1D1 and TBC1D4 in skeletal muscle metabolism, development and exercise physiology.

scholarly journals Tropomodulin isoforms regulate thin filament pointed-end capping and skeletal muscle physiology

2010 ◽  
Vol 189 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Gokhin ◽  
Raymond A. Lewis ◽  
Caroline R. McKeown ◽  
Roberta B. Nowak ◽  
Nancy E. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Thin Filament ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Actin Dynamics ◽  
Muscle Physiology ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Capping Proteins ◽  
Locomotor Deficits ◽  
End Capping

During myofibril assembly, thin filament lengths are precisely specified to optimize skeletal muscle function. Tropomodulins (Tmods) are capping proteins that specify thin filament lengths by controlling actin dynamics at pointed ends. In this study, we use a genetic targeting approach to explore the effects of deleting Tmod1 from skeletal muscle. Myofibril assembly, skeletal muscle structure, and thin filament lengths are normal in the absence of Tmod1. Tmod4 localizes to thin filament pointed ends in Tmod1-null embryonic muscle, whereas both Tmod3 and -4 localize to pointed ends in Tmod1-null adult muscle. Substitution by Tmod3 and -4 occurs despite their weaker interactions with striated muscle tropomyosins. However, the absence of Tmod1 results in depressed isometric stress production during muscle contraction, systemic locomotor deficits, and a shift to a faster fiber type distribution. Thus, Tmod3 and -4 compensate for the absence of Tmod1 structurally but not functionally. We conclude that Tmod1 is a novel regulator of skeletal muscle physiology.

scholarly journals Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction and Exercise Intolerance in Children Treated with Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant—A Pilot Feasibility Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. West ◽  
Gillian White ◽  
Jessica E. Caterini ◽  
Tammy Rayner ◽  
Tal Schechter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Stem Cell Transplant ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Exercise Intolerance ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Capacity

Haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is an intensive therapy for some pediatric hematological illnesses. Survivors are at risk for adverse effects including exercise intolerance. Peripheral tissue dysfunction may contribute to exercise intolerance; therefore, we examined the feasibility of a magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) protocol to evaluate skeletal muscle metabolism in children post-HSCT. We measured demographic characteristics, aerobic exercise capacity (YMCA protocol), and skeletal muscle function in response to exercise (MRS; Siemens 3T MRI) in five children post-allogeneic HSCT and five age/body mass index-matched healthy controls (HCs). The mean age (± standard deviation) of the HSCT group and HC group were 11 ± 1.2 and 12.8 ± 2.4 years, respectively. Children post-HSCT had a lower peak aerobic exercise capacity compared to HCs (27.8 ± 3.4 vs. 40.3 ± 8.1 mL kg−1 min−1, respectively; p = 0.015). Exercise MRS testing protocols were successfully completed by all HSCT and HC participants; however, MRS-derived skeletal muscle metabolism variables were not different between the two groups. In conclusion, the use of exercise protocols in conjunction with MRS to assess peripheral skeletal muscle metabolism was achievable in children post-HSCT. In the future, larger studies should determine if skeletal muscle function is associated with exercise capacity in children post-HSCT.

scholarly journals Skeletal muscle function and water permeability in aquaporin-4 deficient mice

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (6) ◽  
pp. C1108-C1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoxue Yang ◽  
Jean-Marc Verbavatz ◽  
Yuanlin Song ◽  
L. Vetrivel ◽  
Geoffrey Manley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Water Permeability ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Force Generation ◽  
Muscle Physiology ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Aqp4 Protein

It has been proposed that aquaporin-4 (AQP4), a water channel expressed at the plasmalemma of skeletal muscle cells, is important in normal muscle physiology and in the pathophysiology of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. To test this hypothesis, muscle water permeability and function were compared in wild-type and AQP4 knockout mice. Immunofluorescence and freeze-fracture electron microscopy showed AQP4 protein expression in plasmalemma of fast-twitch skeletal muscle fibers of wild-type mice. Osmotic water permeability was measured in microdissected muscle fibers from the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and fractionated membrane vesicles from EDL homogenates. With the use of spatial-filtering microscopy to measure osmotically induced volume changes in EDL fibers, half times ( t 1/2) for osmotic equilibration (7.5–8.5 s) were not affected by AQP4 deletion. Stopped-flow light-scattering measurements of osmotically induced volume changes in plasmalemma vesicles also showed no significant differences in water permeability. Similar water permeability, yet ∼90% decreased AQP4 protein expression was found in EDL from mdx mice that lack dystrophin. Skeletal muscle function was measured by force generation in isolated EDL, treadmill performance time, and in vivo muscle swelling in response to water intoxication. No differences were found in EDL force generation after electrical stimulation [42 ± 2 (wild-type) vs. 41 ± 2 (knockout) g/s], treadmill performance time (22 vs. 26 min; 29 m/min, 13° incline), or muscle swelling (2.8 vs. 2.9% increased water content at 90 min after intraperitoneal water infusion). Together these results provide evidence against a significant role of AQP4 in skeletal muscle physiology in mice.

Elementary School Teachers' Vocal Dose: Muscle Bioenergetics and Training Implications

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 1831-1842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey G. Smith ◽  
Mary J. Sandage ◽  
David D. Pascoe ◽  
Laura W. Plexico ◽  
Italo R. Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Music Teachers ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Music Teacher ◽  
Classroom Teachers ◽  
Exercise Science ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Vocal Dose ◽  
Science Methodology

PurposeTranslating exercise-science methodology for determination of muscle bioenergetics, we hypothesized that the temporal voice-use patterns for classroom and music teachers would indicate a reliance on the immediate energy system for laryngeal skeletal-muscle metabolism. It was hypothesized that the music-teacher group would produce longer voiced segments than the classroom teachers.MethodUsing a between- and within-group multivariate analysis-of-variance design (5 classroom teachers; 7 music teachers), we analyzed fundamental-frequency data—collected via an ambulatory phonation monitor—for length (seconds) of voiced and nonvoiced intervals. Data were collected for 7.5 hr during the workday, over the course of several workdays for each teacher.ResultsDescriptive analyses of voiced and nonvoiced intervals indicated that over 99% of voiced segments for both groups were no longer than 3.15 s, supporting the hypothesis of reliance on the immediate energy system for muscle bioenergetics. Significant differences were identified between and within the classroom- and music-teacher groups, with the music-teacher group producing longer voiced segments overall.ConclusionsKnowledge of probable intrinsic laryngeal skeletal-muscle bioenergetics requirements could inform new interdisciplinary considerations for voice habilitation and rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Working around the clock: circadian rhythms and skeletal muscle

2009 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 1647-1654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiping Zhang ◽  
Thomas J. Dube ◽  
Karyn A. Esser
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Molecular Clock ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Muscle Physiology ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Temporal Specificity ◽  
Muscle Research ◽  
Normal Expression ◽  
Normal Metabolism

The study of the circadian molecular clock in skeletal muscle is in the very early stages. Initial research has demonstrated the presence of the molecular clock in skeletal muscle and that skeletal muscle of a clock-compromised mouse, Clock mutant, exhibits significant disruption in normal expression of many genes required for adult muscle structure and metabolism. In light of the growing association between the molecular clock, metabolism, and metabolic disease, it will also be important to understand the contribution of circadian factors to normal metabolism, metabolic responses to muscle training, and contribution of the molecular clock in muscle-to-muscle disease (e.g., insulin resistance). Consistent with the potential for the skeletal muscle molecular clock modulating skeletal muscle physiology, there are findings in the literature that there is significant time-of-day effects for strength and metabolism. Additionally, there is some recent evidence that temporal specificity is important for optimizing training for muscular performance. While these studies do not prove that the molecular clock in skeletal muscle is important, they are suggestive of a circadian contribution to skeletal muscle function. The application of well-established models of skeletal muscle research in function and metabolism with available genetic models of molecular clock disruption will allow for more mechanistic understanding of potential relationships.

scholarly journals Establishing common course objectives for undergraduate exercise physiology

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-308
Author(s):  
Shawn R. Simonson
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Training ◽  
Exercise Physiology ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Muscle Physiology ◽  
National Council ◽  
Exercise Science ◽  
American Society ◽  
Course Outcomes ◽  
High Degree

Undergraduate exercise physiology is a ubiquitous course in undergraduate kinesiology/exercise science programs with a broad scope and depth of topics. It is valuable to explore what is taught within this course. The purpose of the present study was to facilitate an understanding of what instructors teach in undergraduate exercise physiology, how it compares with various guidelines, and to continue the conversation regarding what should be taught. A survey was created using course outcomes from the American Society of Exercise Physiologists, National Association for Sport and Physical Education, Ivy's 2007 Quest article, the National Athletic Training Association, the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education, and 36 undergraduate exercise physiology course syllabi. The 134-item survey was disseminated to individuals who use exercise physiology: university faculty members, clinical exercise physiologists, researchers, and other practitioners on various exercise physiology lists; 2,009 surveys were sent, and 322 surveys were completed (16% rate of return). There was a high degree of agreement about a lot of important content in undergraduate exercise physiology. Instructors of exercise physiology should focus their curriculum on regulation and homeostasis (including adaptation, fatigue, and recovery), aerobic systems, bioenergetics, muscle physiology, and fitness principles. In addition, attention should be paid to performance and technical skills. In conclusion, it is up to exercise physiologists to ensure quality of knowledge and practice. Doing so will improve the uniformity and quality of practitioners within the various kinesiology/exercise science fields and increase the value of a Kinesiology/Exercise Science degree and set it apart from other healthcare providers and fitness professionals.

scholarly journals CURRENT TOPICS FOR TEACHING SKELETAL MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-182
Author(s):  
Susan V. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Muscle Physiology ◽  
American Physiological Society ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Teaching Resources ◽  
Muscle Structure ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Function

Contractions of skeletal muscles provide the stability and power for all body movements. Consequently, any impairment in skeletal muscle function results in some degree of instability or immobility. Factors that influence skeletal muscle structure and function are therefore of great interest both scientifically and clinically. Injury, disease, and old age are among the factors that commonly contribute to impairment in skeletal muscle function. The goal of this article is to update current concepts of skeletal muscle physiology. Particular emphasis is placed on mechanisms of injury, repair, and adaptation in skeletal muscle as well as mechanisms underlying the declining skeletal muscle structure and function associated with aging. For additional materials please refer to the “Skeletal Muscle Physiology” presentation located on the American Physiological Society Archive of Teaching Resources Web site ( https://www.lifescitrc.org ).

Translating Exercise Science Into Voice Care

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary J. Sandage ◽  
David D. Pascoe
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Voice Rehabilitation ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Voice Training ◽  
Exercise Science ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
Extensive Discussion ◽  
Basic Principles

The basic principles of exercise training for skeletal muscle adaptations have been applied to voice training for some time. To date, the use of the basic principles of muscle training for designing a voice rehabilitation program or advising voice clients about the role of voice rest and modified voice use following surgical intervention has not been well developed. Voice training is a complex process of skill acquisition through application of motor learning principles and the concurrent coordinated use of many physiologic systems. However, the translation of exercise science literature to voice training and recovery needs to be undertaken with caution, because the function and performance of laryngeal skeletal muscle can be different from those of skeletal muscles used for other types of movement. This discussion will be confined to the basic adaptations of the muscle tissue itself. A brief review of basic principles of muscle training as understood for skeletal muscle will be followed by a more extensive discussion of the neurologic, metabolic, and physiologic adaptations of muscle training and detraining. Translation of this body of literature will be considered in the contexts of post-surgical voice recovery, voice rehabilitation, and maintenance of professional voice requirements.

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