Facilitator Behaviors Leading to Engagement and Disengagement in Aphasia Conversation Groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1S) ◽  
pp. 393-411
Author(s):  
Jaime B. Lee ◽  
Jamie H. Azios
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Graduate Student ◽  
Group Cohesion ◽  
Multimodal Communication ◽  
Participant Engagement ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Group Sessions ◽  
University Settings ◽  
Engagement And Disengagement ◽  
Communication Supports

Purpose Researchers have identified features of successful aphasia conversation groups and clinician behaviors leading to engagement and group cohesion. There has been less focus in the literature on facilitator behaviors that hinder participation or result in disengagement. This study aims to explore the behaviors of graduate student facilitators that contribute to and detract from engagement in aphasia conversation groups. Method Data were drawn from 4 conversation group sessions from 2 different university settings. Groups included 1 graduate student facilitator and 3 or more persons with aphasia. Sociolinguistic discourse analysis was applied to transcripts of group sessions. Results Three broad patterns detailing facilitator behaviors were identified. Several facilitator actions contributing to engagement were noted, including strategic use of topic elicitors, multimodal communication supports, and techniques to avoid interactional asymmetry. Behaviors associated with participant disengagement were also noted across sessions, including restricted discourse behaviors and difficulty managing the competing needs of participants. Engagement and disengagement were the product of several coordinating actions of the facilitator and group members that together influenced participation in conversation. Conclusion Results suggest that novice facilitators exhibit behaviors that contribute to and detract from participant engagement in aphasia conversation groups. Findings, discussed within the context of the literature on well-managed groups, highlight the skill required in managing the needs of participants with aphasia and knowing how and when to employ clinician-led strategies.

Communication Recovery Groups for Persons with Aphasia: A Replicable Program for Medical and University Settings

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candace Vickers ◽  
Darla Hagge
Keyword(s):  
Medical Setting ◽  
Group Program ◽  
Intake Process ◽  
Student Volunteers ◽  
Group Members ◽  
University Settings ◽  
University Setting ◽  
Recovery Groups

This article describes Communication Recovery Groups (CRG), an aphasia group program that is sponsored by a medical setting and more recently a university setting. CRG's history and approach and its model of service in light of current healthcare challenges are summarized. The article also provides a detailed discussion regarding the logistics of offering conversation groups to persons with aphasia which are sponsored by medical and/or university settings, the intake process for new group members, and the training of student volunteers to help lead conversation groups.

scholarly journals In Praise of Irrationality: Self, "East" and "West" in Greek Teachers' Speeches on National Day Commemorations

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucianna Benincasa
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
The West ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Social Creativity ◽  
East And West

In this qualitative study of school discourse on national day commemorations, focus is on the "social creativity strategies" through which group members can improve their social identity. Discourse analysis was carried out on thirty-nine teachers' speeches delivered in Greek schools between 1998 and 2004. The speakers scorn rationality and logic, stereotypically attributed to "the West" (a "West" which is perceived not to include Greece), as cold and not human. The Greeks' successful national struggles are presented instead as the result of irrationality. They claim irrationality to be the most human and thus the most valuable quality, which places Greece first in the world hierarchy. The results are further discussed in terms of their implications for learning and teaching in the classroom, as well as for policy and research.

Group Cohesion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Rios ◽  
Cameron D. Mackey
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Group Cohesion ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Sports Teams ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Task Cohesion ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Common Goals ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Definition Of

The definition of group cohesion has been debated since the formal introduction of the concept in social psychology. Group cohesion has undergone a variety of conceptualizations over the years stemming from several theoretical perspectives. Many models of group cohesion have been introduced; however, research with these models is largely confined to the field (e.g., psychology) or subfield (e.g., sports psychology) in which it originated. Initially, unidimensional models of group cohesion were popular, with proponents of these models arguing that cohesion would have the same consequences regardless of its operationalization. However, later research found that group cohesion may be multidimensional in nature. Several two-dimensional models have been proposed, the most popular of which distinguishes between group members working together to attain common goals (task cohesion) and group members interacting with one another on a more personal level (social cohesion). Another multidimensional model of group cohesion builds on the social-task cohesion distinction but further divides social and task cohesion into Group Integration and Individual Attractiveness to Group sub-components, thus creating a four-factor model. Group cohesion has been applied to a variety of group contexts, including sports teams, military squads, and work groups. The amount of cohesion in each group is dependent upon the properties of the group being investigated. Groups that have naturally formed (i.e., “real” groups) have higher rates of group cohesion than groups created for the purpose of a study (i.e., “artificial” groups). Other factors that affect group cohesion include type of group (e.g., interdependent vs. co-acting) and level of analysis (i.e., individual or group). Research on group cohesion has focused on the consequences of group cohesion in lieu of what causes group cohesion in the first place. Furthermore, although much research has detailed the relationship between cohesion and performance, many other positive consequences of group cohesion have not been assessed in depth. Finally, group cohesion is also associated with potential negative consequences, such as groupthink.

Intertextuality and the Representation of Insults in Pro-NPP and Pro-NDC Newspapers in Ghana: A Critical Discourse Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 1739
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Amo Ofori
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Voice

Intertextuality is the idea that “text cannot be viewed or studied in isolation since texts are not produced or consumed in isolation: all texts exist, and therefore must be understood, in relation to other texts” (Richardson, 2007, p. 100). In this study, I examine the kinds of Intertextuality used in the representation of insults in pro-New Patriotic Party (NPP) and National Democratic Congress (NDC) newspapers in Ghana. I relate Intertextuality to van Dijk’s ideological square to show how newspapers re-echo and legitimize the voice of the in-group by assigning them with authoritative qualities and titles, credentials that make whatever they say very reliable and at times taken as the truth without submitting them to any critical evaluation. However, in instances where the voices of the out-group members are reported, as Rojo (1995, p. 54) puts it, it is a means to “criticize them or discredit them.” The application of Intertextuality, in this study, reveals what both pro-NPP and pro-NDC papers consider newsworthy, that is, whose insult or voice is reported and whose is not. It shows how the in-group’s insults are represented in relation to the out-group. It further identifies the underlying ideologies in the representation of insults in Ghanaian political discourse.

Influence of Need for Inclusion on Group Participation

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin W. Vraa
Keyword(s):  
Group Membership ◽  
Group Participation ◽  
Membership Group ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Group Sessions

A measures of the personality need for Inclusion were explored to determine their relationship with group membership. Group membership was defined on the basis of participation, ability to communicate, attitudes and feelings and respect for other group members. After 10 group sessions the members were ranked; Kruskal-Wallis H test showed that Wanted Inclusion of FIRO-B and Expressed Inclusion of FIRO-F were significantly related to group membership.

Death and the Dynamics of Group Life

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona McDermott ◽  
Christine Hill ◽  
Anne Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Advanced Breast Cancer ◽  
Advanced Breast ◽  
Therapeutic Factors ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Group Life ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Group Sessions

This article reports qualitative analysis of data collected during psychoanalytically orientated group sessions after the death of members. This group, based in group analytic and existentialist theoretical perspectives, is for women with advanced breast cancer. We ask: how and why does the group keep going, even as its members leave it through death? Our interest in understanding the therapeutic factors generated by the co-therapists, group members, and the group as a whole is assisted by Winnicott (1956, 1960) and Bion's (1959) concepts of holding and containment. These concepts are used to examine the therapists' role—containers for creating a thinking space where unknowable and unthinkable thoughts can be transformed into something bearable and creative.

scholarly journals Problems of aggression in authoritarian leadership in large groups: Psychoanalytic and group-analytic view

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-403
Author(s):  
Jasna Veljković
Keyword(s):  
Group Cohesion ◽  
Structure Type ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Authoritarian Leadership ◽  
Human Individual ◽  
Leadership Structure ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Leadership Research ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
Selection Of

Man is a being of a group that spends most of his life in groups distinguished by leadership, structure, type and organization. The human individual moves in the range between opposite tendencies: to belong to a group and be "invisible" in it or to be visible and become a leader. In this paper, our goal is theoretical research of the problems of sociodynamics and psychodynamics of aggression in large groups depending on the type of leadership. Research methods are: psychoanalytic and group-analytic methods. Our findings are that the occurrence of aggression in large groups is inevitable, but types and manifestations of aggression in large groups differ significantly, depending on the type of leadership in a large group (democratic or authoritarian), group cohesion, establishment or non-establishment of group identity and selection of group members.

Crossover of engagement in groups

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heleen van Mierlo ◽  
Arnold B. Bakker
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Group Cohesion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Crossover Effect ◽  
Explanatory Role ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Group Member ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to extend the current knowledge on psychological contagion and crossover by investigating the crossover of task-specific engagement (a positive, fulfilling state of mind) among group members. The paper also examines whether this crossover process is reinforced by strong group cohesion or by higher a priori levels of task engagement of the most engaged group member. Design/methodology/approach The authors operationalized crossover as within-group convergence on individual engagement over time. The authors studied this process in 43 newly formed groups performing a dynamic, interactive building task under controlled laboratory conditions, allowing the authors to observe the crossover process from a “zero” point, before any mutual influences had occurred. Findings Group member engagement scores indeed converged over time, supporting the proposed crossover effect of engagement, especially when the most engaged group member was highly engaged at the beginning of the group task. Unexpectedly, the explanatory role of group cohesion was not convincingly supported; the crossover of engagement was no stronger in groups with high cohesion. Practical implications These findings show that task-specific engagement is indeed transferred among group members, particularly when the most engaged group member is highly engaged. Originality/value Previous studies on psychological contagion and crossover were mainly focused on dyadic relationships and specific emotions or impaired well-being. The findings add to this literature by addressing the crossover of engagement – a more complex, beneficial psychological state – among group members and provide new input for developing and sustaining engagement in and of groups.

When Subcategorization Facilitates Group Cohesion

2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-213
Author(s):  
Lavinia Gianettoni ◽  
Alain Clémence ◽  
Christian Staerklé
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Group Cohesion ◽  
Group Position ◽  
Experimental Context ◽  
Relational Norm ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Relational Regulation

This paper analyzes the conditions under which groups composed of two opposing factions are able to preserve group cohesion and subgroup opinion divisions simultaneously. Results from two experimental studies conducted with small interactive groups showed that groups with opposing factions were able to preserve subgroup divergence without jeopardizing superordinate group cohesion. A process termed relational regulation of ingroup opinion divisions explains these findings: The more group members perceived the group as promoting good relations, the more they maintained or even radicalized their initial opinions. In contrast, in an experimental context in which opinion divergences were not reinforced by subcategorization, we observed convergence toward a unique group position destined to maintain group cohesion that was independent of the perceived relational norm.

Using Discourse Analysis to Assess Social Co-Presence in the Video Conference Environment

2010 ◽  
pp. 175-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristy Beers Fägersten
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Multimodal Communication ◽  
Video Conference ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Professional Discourse ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Computer Mediated

In this chapter, I analyze computer-mediated communication in the form of online, synchronous, professional discourse in the multimodal video conference environment with the aim of assessing social co-presence (Kang, Watt & Ala., 2008). I argue for the applicability of discourse analysis methodology by presenting extracts of video conference communication which illustrate how talk-in-interaction contributes to or threatens the three elements of social co-presence: co-presence, social richness of the medium, and interactant satisfaction. Examples of interaction illustrate how disruptions in mediation serve to threaten co-presence by isolating interlocutors, how multiple modes of communication are exploited to ground participants in a shared communicative environment thereby establishing social connectedness, and how multimodal communication allows for iconic or paralinguistic support of the discursive expression of emotional stance. The chapter concludes with feature recommendations for video conference software development from the perspective of social co-presence.

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