scholarly journals Neuroanatomical Correlates of Macrolinguistic Aspects in Narrative Discourse in Unilateral Left and Right Hemisphere Stroke: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Fernanda Schneider ◽  
Karine Marcotte ◽  
Amelie Brisebois ◽  
Sabrine Amaral Martins Townsend ◽  
Anderson Dick Smidarle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Narrative Discourse ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
Gray Matter Density ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

Background A growing body of literature has demonstrated the importance of discourse assessment in patients who suffered from brain injury, both in the left and right hemispheres, as discourse represents a key component of functional communication. However, little is known about the relationship between gray matter density and macrolinguistic processing. Purpose This study aimed to investigate this relationship in a group of participants with middle–low to low socioeconomic status. Method Twenty adults with unilateral left hemisphere ( n = 10) or right hemisphere ( n = 10) chronic ischemic stroke and 10 matched (age, education, and socioeconomic status) healthy controls produced three oral narratives based on sequential scenes. Voxel-based morphometry analysis was conducted using structural magnetic resonance imaging. Results Compared to healthy controls, the left hemisphere group showed cohesion impairments, whereas the right hemisphere group showed impairments in coherence and in producing macropropositions. Cohesion positively correlated with gray matter density in the right primary sensory area (PSA)/precentral gyrus and the pars opercularis. Coherence, narrativity, and index of lexical informativeness were positively associated with the left PSA/insula and the superior temporal gyrus. Macropropositions were mostly related to the left PSA/insula and superior temporal gyrus, left cingulate, and right primary motor area/insula. Discussion Overall, the present results suggest that both hemispheres are implicated in macrolinguistic processes in narrative discourse. Further studies including larger samples and with various socioeconomic status should be conducted. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14347550

scholarly journals The Functional and Structural Changes of the Brain in Parkinson's Disease Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ji bingjun ◽  
Bingjun Ji ◽  
Ting Zhao ◽  
Xuan Cui ◽  
Jingtao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Gray Matter Density ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Middle

Abstract Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is often associated with cognitive impairment. However, the neural mechanism of cognitive impairment is not clear. The present study investigated the functional and anatomic changes in PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and their correlations with cognitive functions by the application of combined functional and structural analysis. Methods: T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resting-state functional MRI data were acquired from 23 PD patients with MCI (PD-MCI), 23 PD patients with normal cognitive function (PD-NCI), and 23 matched healthy controls (HC). The structural imaging data was analyzed by voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and surfaced-based morphometry (SBM) methods to assess the changes of gray matter density and cortical thickness, respectively. And the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) analysis using resting-state functional imaging data to measure the spontaneous changes of brain activity. Their Correlations with neuropsychological assessments (e.g., Montreal cognitive assessment, MOCA; Mini-mental state examination, MMSE) were also examined. Results: Compared to the HC group, the PD-MCI patient group showed both decreased ALFF in the occipital regions (i.e., left middle occipital gyrus) and parietal regions (i.e., left precuneus) and increased ALFF in the right inferior frontal gyrus and bilateral hippocampus. Also, the PD-MCI patient group showed reduced gray matter density in the right inferior frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus. Cortical thinning in the left middle temporal gyrus and right superior temporal gyrus was found in the PD_MCI patient group relative to the control group. Furthermore, ALFF of the right hippocampus and gray matter density of right frontal gyrus was correlated with cognitive impairment (e.g., MOCA ), respectively. Cortical thickness of right superior temporal gyrus was also associated with cognitive deficit (e.g., MMSE ). Conclusion: MCI in PD is associated with widespread brain functional and structural alternations. The combination of functional and structural abnormalities may be related to subtle cognitive impairment in PD.

scholarly journals Abnormalities in Cortical Gray Matter Density in Borderline Personality Disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rossi ◽  
M. Lanfredi ◽  
M. Pievani ◽  
M. Boccardi ◽  
P.E. Rasser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Gray Matter Density ◽  
Cortical Gray Matter ◽  
The Right

AbstractBackground:Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a chronic condition with a strong impact on patients’ affective, cognitive and social functioning. Neuroimaging techniques offer invaluable tools to understand the biological substrate of the disease. We aimed to investigate gray matter alterations over the whole cortex in a group of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) patients compared to healthy controls (HC).Methods:Magnetic resonance-based cortical pattern matching was used to assess cortical gray matter density (GMD) in 26 BPD patients and in their age- and sex-matched HC (age: 38 ± 11; females: 16, 61%).Results:BPD patients showed widespread lower cortical GMD compared to HC (4% difference) with peaks of lower density located in the dorsal frontal cortex, in the orbitofrontal cortex, the anterior and posterior cingulate, the right parietal lobe, the temporal lobe (medial temporal cortex and fusiform gyrus) and in the visual cortex (P < 0.005). Our BPD subjects displayed a symmetric distribution of anomalies in the dorsal aspect of the cortical mantle, but a wider involvement of the left hemisphere in the mesial aspect in terms of lower density. A few restricted regions of higher density were detected in the right hemisphere. All regions remained significant after correction for multiple comparisons via permutation testing.Conclusions:BPD patients feature specific morphology of the cerebral structures involved in cognitive and emotional processing and social cognition/mentalization, consistent with clinical and functional data.

scholarly journals Provocation and prediction of visual peripersonal neglect-like symptoms in preoperative planning and during awake brain surgery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktória Tamás ◽  
Gabriella Sebestyén ◽  
Szilvia Anett Nagy ◽  
Péter Zsolt Horváth ◽  
Ákos Mérei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preoperative Planning ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Parietal Area ◽  
Routine Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Visuospatial Functions ◽  
The Right

AbstractNeglect is a severe neuropsychological/neurological deficit that usually develops due to lesions of the posterior inferior parietal area of the right hemisphere and is characterized by a lack of attention to the left side. Our case is a proven right-handed, 30-year-old female patient with a low-grade glioma, which was located in the temporo-opercular region and also in the superior temporal gyrus of the right hemisphere. Upon presurgical planning, the motor, language, and visuospatial functions were mapped. In order to achieve this, the protocol for routine magnetic resonance imaging and navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation has been expanded, accordingly.

Voxel-based morphometry reveals an association between aerobic capacity and grey matter density in the right anterior insula

Neuroscience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 163 (4) ◽  
pp. 1102-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Peters ◽  
M. Dauvermann ◽  
C. Mette ◽  
P. Platen ◽  
J. Franke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Anterior Insula ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
Grey Matter Density ◽  
The Right

Correlations in spontaneous activity and gray matter density between left and right sensoritmotor areas of pianists

Neuroreport ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Ting Lv ◽  
Hong Yang ◽  
De-Yi Wang ◽  
Shu-Yu Li ◽  
Ying Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Gray Matter Density ◽  
Left And Right

scholarly journals The appropriacy of fluency tests in assessing epileptic seizure lateralization in children with partial epilepsy

Psihologija ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-211
Author(s):  
Jasmina Vuksanovic ◽  
Milena Djuric
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Partial Epilepsy ◽  
Quantitative Comparison ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Seizure Focus ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Right

Fluency tests are frequently used in clinical practice to asses executive functions. The literature data are not unequivocal although in a great number of papers is pointed out the importance of the left hemisphere, specially of the left frontal lobes in the mediation of phonological fluency and the right hemisphere in the mediation of nonverbal fluency. This paper considers the suitability of fluency tests for the detection of left versus right seizure laterality. The sample consisted of thirty-two epilepsy patients divided into two groups: LHF-participants with the seizure focus in the left hemisphere (n=16), and DHF-participants with the seizure focus in the right hemisphere (n=16), and K-the control group of t age-matched healthy children (n=50) aged 7-11 years. The qualitative and quantitative comparison of the phonological and nonverbal fluency performance was carried out in consideration of the seizure laterality as well as compared to the healthy controls. The results of phonological fluency performance revealed that the performance of the LHF group was significantly reduced as compared to both DHF and K group. The analysis of nonverbal fluency performance revealed that the performance of the DHF group was significantly reduced as compared to both LHF and K group The qualitative analysis obtained valuable data, which could additionally contribute to the neuropsychological evaluation of the left versus right seizure laterality.

scholarly journals Prefrontal High Gamma in ECoG tags periodicity of musical rhythms in perception and imagination

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Herff ◽  
C. Herff ◽  
A. J. Milne ◽  
G. D. Johnson ◽  
J. J. Shih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Gamma Activity ◽  
Rhythm Perception ◽  
High Gamma ◽  
The Right ◽  
Musical Rhythms

AbstractRhythmic auditory stimuli are known to elicit matching activity patterns in neural populations. Furthermore, recent research has established the particular importance of high-gamma brain activity in auditory processing by showing its involvement in auditory phrase segmentation and envelope-tracking. Here, we use electrocorticographic (ECoG) recordings from eight human listeners, to see whether periodicities in high-gamma activity track the periodicities in the envelope of musical rhythms during rhythm perception and imagination. Rhythm imagination was elicited by instructing participants to imagine the rhythm to continue during pauses of several repetitions. To identify electrodes whose periodicities in high-gamma activity track the periodicities in the musical rhythms, we compute the correlation between the autocorrelations (ACC) of both the musical rhythms and the neural signals. A condition in which participants listened to white noise was used to establish a baseline. High-gamma autocorrelations in auditory areas in the superior temporal gyrus and in frontal areas on both hemispheres significantly matched the autocorrelation of the musical rhythms. Overall, numerous significant electrodes are observed on the right hemisphere. Of particular interest is a large cluster of electrodes in the right prefrontal cortex that is active during both rhythm perception and imagination. This indicates conscious processing of the rhythms’ structure as opposed to mere auditory phenomena. The ACC approach clearly highlights that high-gamma activity measured from cortical electrodes tracks both attended and imagined rhythms.

scholarly journals Hypoconnectivity networks in schizophrenia patients: a voxelwise meta-analysis of rs-fMRI

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Ruiz-Torras ◽  
Oscar Fernández-Vazquez ◽  
Cristina Cañete-Massé ◽  
Maribel Peró-Cebollero ◽  
Joan Guàrdia-Olmos
Keyword(s):  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Health States ◽  
The Right ◽  
Work Done

Abstract In the last few years, the field of brain connectivity has focused on identifying biomarkers to describe different health states and to discriminate between patients and healthy controls through the characterization of brain networks. A particularly interesting case, because of the symptoms' severity, is the work done with samples of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. This meta-analysis aims to identify connectivity networks with different activation patterns between people diagnosed with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Therefore, we collected primary studies exploring whole brain connectivity by functional magnetic resonance imaging at rest in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy people. Thus, we identified 25 high-quality studies that included a total of 1285 people with schizophrenia and 1279 healthy controls. The results indicate hypoactivation in the right precentral gyrus and in the left superior temporal gyrus of people with schizophrenia compared with the control group. These regions have been linked to deficits in gesticulation and the experience of auditory hallucinations in people with schizophrenia. A study of heterogeneity demonstrated that the effect size was influenced by the sample size and type of analysis. These results imply new contributions to the knowledge, diagnosis, and treatment of schizophrenia both clinically and in research.

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