Hearing and Exposure to Music in Adolescents From Four Schools of Córdoba, Argentina

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Sara Gaetán ◽  
Jimena Muratore ◽  
Ana Luz Maggi ◽  
Jorge Pérez Villalobo ◽  
María de los Ángeles Hinalaf
Keyword(s):  
Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Hearing Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Distortion Product ◽  
Hearing Thresholds ◽  
Low Exposure ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Purposes The aims of this study are (a) to characterize the hearing of adolescents from four schools of Córdoba, Argentina, through the analysis of conventional and extended high-frequency audiometric thresholds and otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) and (b) to analyze the association between the mentioned hearing tests and exposure to music. Method It was a cross-sectional correlational descriptive study. Hearing thresholds (250–16000 Hz), transient evoked OAEs, and distortion product OAEs were evaluated in 225 adolescents (450 ears) aged 14 and 15 years. The ears were split into two groups: Group 1 had thresholds ≤ 21 dB HL in all frequencies, and Group 2 had thresholds > 21 dB HL in at least one. Exposure to music was evaluated through a questionnaire. Results Statistically significant differences were found in both ears between Groups 1 and 2. A notch at 3000–6000 Hz was noted in both groups. Group 2 showed a progressive threshold increase from 9000 Hz. Amplitude decrease, negative values, absent distortion product OAEs, and transient evoked OAEs were noted even in Group 1. A statistically significant association between Groups 1 and 2 and the presence/absence of OAEs was observed in most frequencies. Ears with moderate or high exposure to music had greater hearing thresholds compared to ears with low exposure at most frequencies; this was more evident in Group 1. Regarding exposure to music and OAEs, no significant differences were found between the exposure categories. Conclusions The findings highlight the value of implementing hearing conservation programs in Argentina, analyzing hearing tests correlated with questionnaires about recreational noise exposure in order to detect vulnerable ears early.

scholarly journals Determinants of the Audiometric Notch at 4000 and 6000 Hz in Young Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (06) ◽  
pp. 371-383
Author(s):  
Ishan Sunilkumar Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Hearing Threshold ◽  
Calibration Error ◽  
Cochlear Function ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Distortion Product ◽  
Hearing Thresholds ◽  
Children And Young Adults

Abstract Background Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is often characterized by the presence of an audiometric notch at 3000-6000 Hz in a behavioral audiogram. The audiometric notch is widely used to investigate NIHL in children and young adults. However, the determinants of the audiometric notch in young adults largely remain unknown. Purpose The study aimed to investigate the determinants of the audiometric notch in young adults. Research Design A cross-sectional design was adopted for the study. Study Sample A sample of 124 adults (38 males and 86 females) aged 18-35 years with normal otoscopic and tympanometric findings was recruited. Data Collection and Analysis Hearing thresholds and real-ear sound pressure levels (RESPLs) were obtained with calibrated ER-3A (Etymotic Research, Elk Grove Village, IL) andTDH-50P receivers (Telephonics, Farmingdale, NY). Distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were used to evaluate the cochlear function. The external auditory canal (EAC) length was measured using the acoustical method. Noise exposure background (NEB) was estimated using the Noise Exposure Questionnaire. The notched audiograms were identified using: Phillips, Coles, and Niskar criteria. Results The prevalence of notched audiograms was substantially higher for TDH-50P supra-aural receivers than for ER-3A insert receivers. RESPLs at 6000 and 8000 Hz were the major predictors of notched audiograms for TDH-50P receivers. These predictors explained around 45% of the variance in the notched audiograms. The notched audiograms obtained with TDH-50P receivers showed no association with NEB. Individuals with notched audiograms measured using TDH-50P did not show convincing evidence of cochlear dysfunction as assessed by DPOAEs. Individuals with notched audiograms obtained with TDH-50P receivers revealed an average of shorter EAC and a poorer hearing threshold at 6000 Hz. Conclusions The calibration error in the RESPLs at 6000 and 8000 Hz that are likely to be influenced by the shorter EAC was the major determinant of the notched audiograms when the supra-aural transducers were used to measure hearing thresholds. Therefore, the supra-aural receivers should not be used to estimate the prevalence of NIHL in children and young adults when the less restrictive notch identification criteria are used to identify NIHL. Real-ear calibration techniques that are least influenced by the standing waves in the EAC should be preferred when investigating the prevalence of and risk factors for NIHL in young adults.

scholarly journals The influence of the use of earphones in the of young people’s hearing

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juelma Tavares ◽  
Cristina Nazaré
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Young People ◽  
Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Warning Sign ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Distortion Product ◽  
Hearing Thresholds ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background Listening music is extremely important in our day life, but studies indicate that young people who use earphones for long periods tend to develop hearing problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hearing of young people who use earphones to listen to music very often and occasionally, and observe if there are differences between them. Methods The sample was composed by 2 groups (n = 15 in each) of young people, students in higher education (18–24 years) who use earphones to listen music every week, with Group 1 using earphones occasionally and Group 2 very often. Otoscopy, pure tone audiogram (PTA: 0.125–8 kHz), high frequencies (HF: 9–12.5 kHz) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs: 2–10 kHz) was performed. Results There were statistically significant differences between groups in PTA (0.125 and 0.5 kHz in right ear - RE) and DPOAEs (7.5, 8.3, 9.1 and 10 kHz in RE and 6.2, 7.5, 10 kHz in left ear), being the means of hearing thresholds (PTA and HF) higher and the means of the DPOAE’s amplitudes lower in Group 2, in most frequencies. Despite all individuals had normal hearing thresholds in PTA, in HF at 11.2 KHz in RE, the mean of threshold in Group 2 was over 20 dBHL. Conclusions The differences found between groups can be a warning sign for future hearing loss in young people who use earphones very often to listen to music, so it is important to raise awareness among young people for the prevention of hearing loss and change behaviours.

Vocal Performance Teachers and Hearing Loss

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Vance Gunnell ◽  
Jeff Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Vocal Performance ◽  
Occupational Noise ◽  
Hearing Conservation ◽  
Occupational Noise Exposure ◽  
Distortion Product ◽  
Hearing Thresholds ◽  
Performance Teachers

Hearing thresholds and distortion product otoacoustic emissions were measured for teachers of vocal performance who were gathered for a national conference. Results showed mean audiometric thresholds to be consistent with noise induced hearing loss, more than what would be expected with normal aging. Years of instruction and age were considered as factors in the hearing loss observed. It was concluded that hearing conservation should be initiated with this group to help raise awareness and protect them from hearing loss due to occupational noise exposure.

Injectable Form of Cross-Linked Hyaluronan is Effective for Middle Ear Wound Healing

2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (9) ◽  
pp. 667-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Angeli ◽  
Sarah Connell ◽  
Brian Gibson ◽  
Ali Ozdek ◽  
John T. McElveen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Distortion Product ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objectives: Two studies were designed to investigate a hyaluronan (HA) gel for middle ear (ME) wound healing. Methods: We used a guinea pig model of ME wound healing. In a long-term study, we performed a comparison of hearing and ME inflammation in 3 groups. Group 1 (n = 8) underwent bilateral wounding of ME mucosa and unilateral packing of the ME with HA gel (Sepragel). Group 2 (n = 6) was the same as group 1 except that the packing was absorbable bovine collagen sponges (Gelfoam). Group 3, the control group (n = 14), had operated, unpacked ears. In a short-term study, we investigated ME retention of HA gel at 1 and 2 weeks (n = 16). Results: At 1 week, all ears showed decreased distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) and auditory brain stem responses (ABRs) secondary to ME packing and postsurgical inflammation. The controls recovered preoperative DPOAEs and ABRs by week 2. Group 1 had decreased low-frequency DPOAEs at weeks 2 and 6, but their high-frequency DPOAEs and ABRs recovered to preoperative values by week 6. Group 2 had hearing losses that persisted throughout the study. Group 1 showed normal ME and inner ear histologic characteristics. Group 2 showed inflammatory cells within the ME and cochleas. Group 1 showed less packing retention than did group 2 at week 6 (p = 016). Eighty-five percent of the HA packing remained at 1 week, and 73% at 2 weeks. Conclusions: Hyaluronan gel was a relatively safe and effective ME packing material in our animal model.

scholarly journals The Immediate and Long-Term Impact of Military Aircraft Noise on Hearing: A Cross-Sectional Comparison of Fighter Pilots and Ground Staff

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2982
Author(s):  
Chao-Yin Kuo ◽  
Chia-Lien Hung ◽  
Hsin-Chien Chen ◽  
Cheng-Ping Shih ◽  
Rou-Huei Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Aircraft Noise ◽  
Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Military Aircraft ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Distortion Product ◽  
Hearing Thresholds

We examined the immediate and long-term impacts of military aircraft noise exposure on noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) in fighter pilots and ground staff. We recruited 40 pilots, 40 ground staff, and 136 age-matched controls; all participants underwent hearing tests, including conventional pure-tone audiometry (PTA) (0.25–8.0 kHz), extended high-frequency (EHF) audiometry (9.0–18.0 kHz), and distortion-product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) as a recent reference. A subsequent hearing test immediately after flight-mission noise exposure was requested. The results revealed higher recent hearing thresholds in pilots and ground staff than in controls. Threshold shifts at many octave band frequencies were also significantly elevated in ground staff. The grouped frequency threshold was significantly elevated in the 4–8 kHz high-frequency range. After a single flight-mission noise exposure, both ground staff and pilots showed decreased signal-to-noise ratios for DPOAE (1–8 kHz), whereas only ground staff showed significantly elevated left-ear hearing thresholds at 3, 11.2, and 12.5 kHz by conventional and EHF PTA. Fighter pilots and ground staff serve in hazardous noise-exposed environments that cause hearing damage and subsequent NIHL, but ground staff may be more vulnerable. A comprehensive hearing conservation program should be implemented to protect high-risk service members, and especially ground staff, from high-intensity noise exposure.

Noise Levels Among Spectators at an Intercollegiate Sporting Event

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beau England ◽  
Jeffery Blythe Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Hearing Sensitivity ◽  
Distortion Product ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
Basketball Game ◽  
Hearing Thresholds ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The intensity of noise levels in a basketball arena during games, as well as the hearing sensitivity of attendees, was measured for the purpose of assessing the impact of the noise on hearing thresholds. Method Noise levels at 10 intercollegiate basketball games were measured with a dosimeter affixed on the shoulders of attendees. Hearing thresholds and distortion product otoacoustic emissions were measured for 20 participants just before attending a basketball game and within an hour of the end of the game to determine whether changes in hearing thresholds resulted from exposure to the sound levels within the arena during the games. Results Participants demonstrated temporary shifts in pure-tone thresholds and reductions in the intensity of their otoacoustic emissions after attendance at 1 of the basketball games. Dosimeter measurements showed that noise at 6 of the 10 basketball games exceeded acceptable intensity levels when compared with a national workplace noise exposure standard. Conclusion Although noise intensities, on average, did not exceed workplace exposure standards, universities would be wise to be proactive in warning spectators about the potential dangers of noise exposure at sporting events, make earplugs available to interested spectators, and implement a hearing conservation program for employees working in noise.

scholarly journals Effects of GSM-like radiofrequency on distortion product otoacoustic emissions in pregnant adult rabbits

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gürer G Budak ◽  
Nuray Bayar Muluk ◽  
Göknur Güler Öztürk ◽  
Bilgehan Budak ◽  
Alpaslan Apan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Distortion Product ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Group 1

Objectives: To determine the effects of 1800 MHz GSM-like Radiofrequency (RFR) on the cochlear functions of pregnant adult rabbits by Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAEs). Methods: Eighteen 13-month-old pregnant and eighteen 13-month-old non-pregnant New Zealand White rabbits were studied. They were randomly divided into four groups. Nine pregnant rabbits (Group 2) and nine non-pregnant rabbits (Group 4) were exposed to 1800 MHz GSM-like RFR 15 min daily for 7 days. Nine pregnant (Group 1) and nine non-pregnant rabbits (Group 3) were not exposed to GSM like RFR. Cochlear functions were assessed by DPOAEs at 1.0-8.0 kHz. Results: In all pregnant groups except 2.0 kHz, DPOAE amplitudes were not different in Group 2 and Group1. In Group 4, DPOAE amplitudes at 1.0-4.0 kHz (-1.68 dB SPL at 1.0 kHz, 3.05 dB SPL at 1.5 kHz, 2.96 dB SPL at 2.0 kHz, 1.30 dB SPL at 3.0 kHz and 12.22 dB SPL at 4.0 kHz) were lower than Group 3 (8.67 dB SPL at 1.0 kHz, 17.67 dB SPL at 1.5 kHz, 26.10 dB SPL at 2.0 kHz, 18.10 dB SPL at 3.0 kHz and 35.13 dB SPL at 4.0 kHz) (P < 0.0125). In the pregnant group, harmful effects of GSM-like RFR were less than in the non-pregnant group. Conclusion: GSM-like RFR caused decreases in DPOAE amplitudes mainly in non-pregnant adult rabbits. Prolonged exposure may affect the DPOAE amplitude. Recommendations are given to prevent the potential hazardous effects of RF in humans.

scholarly journals Otoacoustic emissions in detection of pre-clinical noise induced cochlear damage in military personnel

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijeet Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Cochlear Damage ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

<p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background:</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"> Objective of current study to analyse the utility of TEOAEs and DPOAEs to detect cochlear damage due to chronic exposure to firearm noise in Indian military personnel at a preclinical stage. Military personnel are exposed to firearm noise and need to be assessed for cochlear damage periodically.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Methods:</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"> This cross sectional study was conducted from May 2004 to Apr 2005. Indian army soldiers and general civilian population were included in the study. The TEOAE and DPOAE parameters of two control groups (civilians, no noise exposure, no HL: control group 1; soldiers, noise exposed, hearing loss: Control group 2) were compared with the study group (soldiers, noise exposure, no hearing loss: Study group).</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results: </span></strong>TEOAE amplitudes of the study group varied significantly from those of both the control groups at almost all frequencies. Overall amplitude too followed a similar trend. However, although the DPOAE amplitude of the study group was less than that of control group 1, the difference was not significant. The DPOAE amplitude of study group varied significantly from control group 2.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Conclusions: </span></strong>TEOAEs proved to be useful to distinguish between green ears and ears chronically exposed to impulse noise with and without hearing loss. But DPOAEs proved to be useful in distinguishing only between normal hearing from hearing loss ears.</p>

scholarly journals Pure-Tone Hearing Thresholds and Otoacoustic Emissions in Students of Music Academies

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1313
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska ◽  
Małgorzata Zamojska-Daniszewska ◽  
Adam Dudarewicz ◽  
Kamil Zaborowski
Keyword(s):  
Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Music Students ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Distortion Product ◽  
Hearing Thresholds

The objective of this study was to assess the hearing of music students in relation to their exposure to excessive sounds. A standard pure-tone audiometry, transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were determined in 163 students of music academies, aged 22.8 ± 2.6 years. A questionnaire survey and sound pressure level measurements during solo and group playing were also conducted. The control group comprised 67 subjects, mainly non-music students, aged 22.8 ± 3.3 years. Study subjects were exposed to sounds at the A-weighted weekly noise exposure level (LEX,w) from 75 to 106 dB. There were no significant differences in the hearing thresholds between groups in the frequency range of 4000–8000 Hz. However, music students compared to control group exhibited lower values of DPOAE amplitude (at 6000 and 7984 Hz) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) (at 984, 6000, and 7984 Hz) as well as SNR of TEOAE (in 1000 Hz band). A significant impact of noise exposure level, type of instrument, and gender on some parameters of measured otoacoustic emissions was observed. In particular, music students having LEX,w ≥ 84.9 dB, compared to those with LEX,w < 84.9 dB, achieved significantly lower DPOAE amplitude at 3984 Hz. Meanwhile, both TEOAE and DPOAE results indicated worse hearing in students playing percussion instruments vs. wind instruments, and wind instrument players vs. students playing stringed instruments.

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