The Concurrent Validity of the Minnesota Child Development Inventory as a Measure of Young Children's Language Development

The extent to which the Minnesota Child Development Inventory (MCDI), could be used to estimate levels of language development in 2-year-old children was examined. Fifty-seven children between 23 and 28 months were given the Sequenced Inventory of Communication Development (SICD), and at the same time a parent completed the MCDI. In addition the mean length of utterance (MLU) was obtained for each child from a spontaneous speech sample. The MCDI Expressive Language scale was found to be a strong predictor of both the SICD Expressive scale and MLU. The MCDI Comprehension-Conceptual scale, presumably a receptive language measure, was moderately correlated with the SICD Receptive scale; however, it was also strongly correlated with the expressive measures. These results demonstrated that the Expressive Language scale of the MCDI was a valid predictor of expressive language for 2-year-old children. The MCDI Comprehension-Conceptual scale appeared to assess both receptive and expressive language, thus complicating its interpretation.

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The Relationship Between Motor Delays and Language Development in Very Low Birthweight Premature Children at 18 Months Corrected Age

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2017_jslhr-l-17-0056 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 114-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gail Ross ◽

Rebecca Demaria ◽

Vivien Yap

Keyword(s):

Language Development ◽

Motor Development ◽

Low Birthweight ◽

Expressive Language ◽

Receptive Language ◽

Language Function ◽

Severe Motor ◽

Premature Children ◽

Specific Association ◽

Expressive Language Development

Purpose The aim of this study is to determine if there is a specific association between motor delays and receptive and expressive language function, respectively, in prematurely born children. Method Retrospective data review: 126 premature children ≤ 1,250-g birthweight from English-speaking families were evaluated on motor development (normal, mild delay, and moderate–severe delay) and the cognitive and language scales of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development–Third Edition (Bayley, 2006) at 18 months corrected age. Cognitive scores were categorized as normal, suspect, and abnormal. Gender, demographic, and perinatal variables were recorded and analyzed with respect to motor category. Results Lower birthweight, chronic need for oxygen, severe intraventricular hemorrhage, and intestinal infection/inflammation were related to poorer motor development. On receptive language, the normal motor group attained significantly higher scores than the moderate–severe motor group but did not differ significantly from the mild delay motor group. On expressive language, the normal motor group had significantly higher scores than both the mild and moderate–severe groups. Girls performed better than boys on receptive and expressive language, but there was no significant interaction between gender and motor category on any of the Bayley scores. Cognitive, but not motor, category significantly contributed to variance of receptive language scores; cognitive and motor category each independently contributed to the variance in expressive language. Conclusion Findings suggest that motor control areas of the brain may be implicated in expressive language development of premature children. Further research is needed to determine the underlying factors for the association between motor and expressive language function.

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Speech and Language Development in 41 Children with Sex Chromosome Anomalies

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.71.2.262 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 71 (2) ◽

pp. 262-267

Author(s):

Bruce Bender ◽

Elizabeth Fry ◽

Bruce Pennington ◽

Mary Puck ◽

James Salbenblatt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Language Development ◽

Sex Chromosome ◽

Expressive Language ◽

Receptive Language ◽

Control Group ◽

Speech And Language ◽

Chromosome Anomalies ◽

Speech Language Pathologist ◽

Speech And Language Development ◽

Production Problems

Forty-one children with sex chromosome anomalies identified from the chromosome screening of a newborn population were blindly evaluated by a speech-language pathologist, along with a control group of 31 siblings. 47,XXX girls and 47,XXY boys were found to have increased problems in auditory perception, receptive language, and expressive language; the problems of the 47,XXY boys were less severe than those of the 47,XXX group, and reflected specific deficits in their ability to process linguistic information rather than a deficit in comprehension. An increased occurrence of speech production problems among the 45,X girls was associated with the presence of oral/structural malformations that often had no measurable effect on their production of speech sounds. Although the 45,X girls and 47,XYY boys had no significant increase of problems in auditory reception, receptive language, and expressive language, the trend of the data suggested more difficulty than in the control groups. The mosaic children were not different from the control subjects. Some children in all groups were found to have normal speech and language development.

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Analysis of the Expressive Language Characteristics of Emotionally Handicapped Students in Social Interactions

Behavioral Disorders ◽

10.1177/019874298901400204 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 127-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Kathleen M. Mcdonough

Keyword(s):

Social Interactions ◽

Peer Relationships ◽

Expressive Language ◽

Future Research ◽

Emotionally Handicapped ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Dependent Variables ◽

The Mean ◽

Language Characteristics ◽

Mean Length Of Utterance

Emotionally handicapped students are described as having difficulty forming peer relationships and achieving academically. Because language is critical to these areas, this research project described and compared the expressive language characteristics of nonhandicapped and emotionally handicapped 8- and 9-year-olds, as defined by the mean length of utterance and 13 discourse error categories. This study included 44 subjects, a group of 22 nonhandicapped and a group of 22 emotionally handicapped students. Following informal conversations, language samples (180 communication units for each subject) were transcribed, segmented into communication units, coded, and scored to determine the quality and quantity of discourse errors students made. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used as the primary statistical test of the data to compare group means on all the dependent variables simultaneously. Results indicate that there was a significant difference between the groups based on the expressive language characteristics considered in this study. The major findings are discussed and implications for education and for future research are also presented.

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Beyond Stunting: Mechanisms Linking Length to Early Child Development Among Infants in Rural India (P10-003-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz034.p10-003-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Maureen Black ◽

Doris Yimgang ◽

Kristen Hurley ◽

Kimberly Harding ◽

Silvia Fernandez-Rao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Child Development ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Expressive Language ◽

Receptive Language ◽

Rural India ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Early Child Development ◽

Blood Draw ◽

Early Child ◽

Visual Reception

Abstract Objectives In low and middle-income countries, early child development (ECD) is associated with stunting, but the association with length-for-age z-scores (LAZ) is understudied. The objective is to examine whether the association with ECD among infants extends beyond stunting to LAZ and whether it is altered by nurturance or inflammation. Methods Sample: 513 infants (mean age 8.6 months, SD 2.2), 20% stunted (LAZ < -2) participated in a randomized controlled trial of micronutrient powder (MNP) in rural India. Following baseline, infants were re-evaluated at 6- and 12-months. LAZ was calculated from measured length, inflammation (C-reactive protein, CRP) from blood draw; nurturance from home observation (HOME Inventory), and ECD from Mullens Early Learning Scale (visual reception, fine/gross motor and receptive/expressive language). Linear mixed effects models were conducted, accounting for repeated measures and clustering, adjusted for child age, anemia, maternal education, household assets, and intervention. LAZ interactions with CRP and HOME scores were tested. Results LAZ was significantly positively associated with all ECD domains over time. HOME was positively associated with visual reception and expressive language (Table 1). HOME interactions were marginal for fine motor (P = 0.058) and significant for receptive language (P = 0.015). For HOME scores < -1 SD, LAZ was positively related to fine motor and receptive language, for HOME scores >1 SD, LAZ was not related to ECD (Figure 1). CRP was not related to ECD and CRP interaction was not significant. Conclusions The positive association between LAZ and ECD illustrates vulnerability prior to the threshold of stunting. Maternal nurturance is positively associated with multiple domains of infants’ ECD and attenuates relations between LAZ and receptive language and fine motor. Inflammation (measured by CRP) is not associated with ECD. Linear growth within normal and nurturant caregiving are needed to promote ECD. Funding Sources Mathile Institute for the Advancement of Human Nutrition, Nutrition International, Sackler Institute for Nutrition Science of the New York Academy of Sciences.

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Language Skills of Young Children with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate following Infant Orthopedics: A Randomized Clinical Trial

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/1545-1569_2003_040_0356_lsoycw_2.0.co_2 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 356-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Emmy M. Konst ◽

Toni Rietveld ◽

Herman F. M. Peters ◽

Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Language Development ◽

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Language Skills ◽

Expressive Language ◽

Receptive Language ◽

First Year ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Infant Orthopedics

Objective To investigate the effects of infant orthopedics (IO) on the language skills of children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Design In a prospective randomized clinical trial (Dutchcleft), two groups of children with complete UCLP were followed up longitudinally: one group was treated with IO based on a modified Zurich approach in the first year of life (IO group); the other group did not receive this treatment (non-IO group). At the ages of 2, 2½, 3, and 6 years, language development was evaluated in 12 children (six IO and six non-IO). Receptive language skills were assessed using the Reynell test. Expressive language skills of the toddlers were evaluated by calculating mean length of utterance (MLU) and mean length of longest utterances (MLLU); in the 6-year-olds, the expressive language skills were measured using standardized Dutch language tests. Patients The participants had complete UCLP without soft tissue bands or other malformations. Results IO did not affect the receptive language skills. However, the expressive language measures MLU and MLLU were influenced by IO. At age 2½ and 3 years, the IO group produced longer utterances than the non-IO group. In the follow-up, the difference in expressive language between the two groups was no longer significant. Conclusions Children treated with IO during their first year of life produced longer sentences than non-IO children at the ages of 2½ and 3 years. At 6 years of age, both groups presented similar expressive language skills. Hence, IO treatment did not have long-lasting effects on language development.

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Validation of a booklet on language developmental milestones in childhood

Revista CEFAC ◽

10.1590/1982-0216/202022216219 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Débora de Souza Alexandre ◽

Matheus Francoy Alpes ◽

Ana Claudia Mirândola Barbosa Reis ◽

Patrícia Pupin Mandrá

Keyword(s):

Child Development ◽

Language Development ◽

Oral Language ◽

Development Research ◽

Methodological Development ◽

Percentage Agreement ◽

Validity Index ◽

Language Development Disorders ◽

The Mean ◽

Development Methods

ABSTRACT Purpose: to develop and validate the content of printed educative material (booklet) on the typical oral language development. Methods: methodological development research with content validation. The material was produced following a literature review, in which the available publications approaching this theme were analyzed. The descriptors used were “child language”, “child development”, “language development”, and “language development disorders”. A total of 37 judges (specialists in the field and target audience) participated, divided into groups: speech-language-hearing therapists (LJG), educators (EJG), and relatives (RJG). They answered a 5-point Likert-scale instrument. The absolute percentage agreement (APA) and content validity index (CVI) were applied, whose respective minimum values of 75% and 0.78 were adopted. Results: the booklet encompassed the aspects of phonology, semantics, syntax, narrative and hearing, citing what is expected for each age. At the end of each topic, suggestions on how to stimulate the child’s language were made. The mean VCI scores were: LJG=81.3%, EJG=93.51%, and RJG=89.4%. Conclusion: the booklet reached a high content and design validity index and will aid health education initiatives, allowing its content to be spread among families and professionals involved in child development.

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Characteristics of Functional Speech Sound Disorders in Korean Children

Annals of Child Neurology ◽

10.26815/acn.2021.00535 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 8-16

Author(s):

Min Jeong Han ◽

Sun Jun Kim

Keyword(s):

Language Development ◽

Language Impairment ◽

Expressive Language ◽

Speech Sound ◽

Receptive Language ◽

Error Rates ◽

Phonological Processes ◽

Korean Children ◽

Neuromuscular Abnormalities ◽

Expressive Language Development

Purpose: A speech sound disorder (SSD) is defined as the presence of a problem with articulation and phonological processes in a child. This study analyzed the clinical characteristics of Korean patients with functional SSDs without any neuromuscular abnormalities. Methods: The medical records of patients aged 36 to 72 months old who were diagnosed with SSDs were retrospectively reviewed. SSD patients who scored less than 85 in the U-Tap test were divided into two groups according to their receptive language scores on the PRES/SELSI. Results: Sixty-seven percent of patients with language impairment (LI) who were diagnosed with an SSD initially visited the hospital for a delay in language development (n=18, 66.7%). Among children with only an SSD, 26.7% (n=8) of the patients recognized it as a language developmental problem. All SSD patients had substitution errors in the onset of initial syllables (SSD, SSD+LI: 100%; typical development [TD]: 37.5%). Of particular note, SSD children with LI had more omission errors (55.6%) than patients with SSD only (16.7%). SSD patients had higher error rates than TD children in all consonants except for the glottal element (P<0.01). The lower the U-Tap score of SSD patients, the lower their expressive language score (P<0.001). Conclusion: A high percentage of children with SSD initially visited the hospital for the treatment of language development delays. Articulation tests are essential for children who suffer from language delay. Furthermore, since incorrect articulation can lead to delays in expressive language development, early interventions should be considered.

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Bases of Decision in Language Training

Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders ◽

10.1044/jshd.3703.283 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 283-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Norma S. Rees

Keyword(s):

Language Development ◽

Training Program ◽

Structural Complexity ◽

Language Training ◽

Theoretical Approaches ◽

Development Goals ◽

Perceptual Strategy ◽

The Mean ◽

Mean Length Of Utterance ◽

Grammatical Structures

When selecting grammatical structures to use as language development goals in training language-disordered children, the language clinician may refer to various theoretical approaches. Six bases of decision for language training, each following from differing theoretical approaches, are discussed and reviewed: (1) the structural complexity basis, (2) the developmental language basis, (3) the perceptual strategy basis, (4) the mean-length-of-utterance basis, (5) the cognitive basis, and (6) the dialectal basis. Of these possible bases of decision, the developmental language basis, the cognitive basis, the perceptual strategy basis, and the dialectal basis appear to suggest the most useful guidelines for sequences in language training. The language clinician may be able to organize his training program more effectively by recognizing the theoretical bases from which his decisions arise.

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Language development in Iranian children with epilepsy

Iranian Journal of Neurology ◽

10.18502/ijnl.v19i1.3286 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hamid Nemati ◽

Maryam Jalalipour ◽

Shadi Niliyeh ◽

Behjat Maneshian

Keyword(s):

Language Development ◽

Seizure Control ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Expressive Language ◽

Receptive Language ◽

Normal Children ◽

Verbal Language ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Expressive Language Development ◽

Generalized Type

Background: Epilepsy is the most common pediatric neurologic disease accompanying with psychosocial delays causing a child’s isolation from the society. Developmental language delays are among the most common complaints of children with epilepsy. In the current study, verbal skills and expressive and receptive language development have been assessed in patients with epilepsy and compared with age-matched normal group. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 78 2-5-year-old children with epilepsy and 78 age-matched normal children referred to the outpatient clinic of Imam Reza affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, in 2017-2018. Demographic information of cases (age, age of onset, type of seizure, and number of consumed remedies) and controls was gathered. In order to assess study population’s verbal, receptive, and expressive language development, Newsha growth measurement test, a validated Persian version of verbal language development questionnaire, was utilized. Results: Comparison of children with epilepsy with normal controls showed a significant difference in spoken, expressive, and receptive language development between children with epilepsy and normal peers (P < 0.05). Spoken and receptive language developments were significantly in association with earlier age of onset, higher number of remedies received for seizure control, generalized type of seizures, and lacking of seizure control (P < 0.05). Expressive language development showed no association with type and control of seizures (P > 0.05) but had significant association with age of onset of epilepsy and number of remedies (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Assessment of verbal language development aspects among children with epilepsy showed a higher rate of delay among these children as compared with normal age-matched ones. Moreover, earlier age of onset, generalized type of seizures, higher number of consumed remedies, and poor seizure control were accompanied with higher and more severe speech and language delay.

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