Clinical Presentation of Tinnitus and a Review of, and Evidence Base for, Tinnitus Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
Kim Wise ◽  
Elaine Ma
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Sound Therapy ◽  
Technology Applications ◽  
Therapeutic Considerations

A lack of evidence base presently exists, to validate the efficacy of mobile technology applications (apps) for tinnitus—highlighting a need for research. We reviewed tinnitus apps available via two popular smartphone operating systems: the Apple iOS and Google Android platforms. A March (2016) search using platforms available in the Austral-Asia region yielded over 260 tinnitus-related apps. Search parameters required apps to employ an English language format and feature the keyword “tinnitus” in the app name or description. Those apps retained for consideration (257) enabled 4 primary themes to emerge, featuring apps offering: (1) sound therapy approaches, (2) information, tips or assessment, (3) health promotion or alternative approaches, and (4) miscellaneous, non-therapeutic apps. Themes enabled further organization of related app characteristics into sub-groups. Numerous apps (44.3%) presented sound menus, ordered into a virtual library of presumably beneficial listening options. To place tinnitus apps in the context of current therapeutic considerations, an overview of the clinical presentation of tinnitus, and approaches aimed at mediating the perception of tinnitus and affective responses, precedes the review. We suggest future research addresses: the relative benefit(s) of one app over another, efficacy of tinnitus apps as a therapeutic option, long-term outcomes, and generalizability across populations.

Physiotherapy management of patients with major chest trauma: Results from a global survey

Trauma ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heleen van Aswegen ◽  
Julie Reeve ◽  
Lisa Beach ◽  
Romy Parker ◽  
Monika Fagevik Olsèn
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Chest Trauma ◽  
Trauma Team ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Breathing Exercises ◽  
Surgical Fixation ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Ventilatory Management

Aim Major chest trauma is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Management of patients with major chest trauma includes pain relief, ventilatory management, surgical fixation and early rehabilitation to improve both short- and long-term outcomes. Physiotherapy is widely considered an integral component of the multidisciplinary trauma team and aims to improve respiratory status and reduce the sequelae associated with immobility and reduced physical function. Despite this there is scarce evidence describing or investigating physiotherapy interventions and how these practices vary worldwide. The aim of this study was to ascertain the current physiotherapy management of patients having sustained major chest trauma and to investigate how such practices varied internationally. Methods A purpose designed online survey was administered to a group of experienced physiotherapists who work in the field of trauma. Results Response rate was 51% ( n = 49) and respondents represented all five continents. Respondents reported focussing on active coughing ( n = 46, 96%, r = 0.5, p = 0.98), body positioning ( n = 43, 94%, r = 0.7, p = 0.41), deep breathing exercises ( n = 44, 94%, r = 0.8, p = 0.66) and early mobilisation ( n = 47, 98%, r = 1, p = 0.64). Ambulation in hospital was reported to be common ( n = 46, 98%, r = 0.2, p = 0.99) but rehabilitation to address longer term sequelae following hospital discharge was reported to be rare ( n = 4, 8%). Conclusion This survey has highlighted those practices used by physiotherapists worldwide which aim to address the complications associated with major chest trauma. Having established global practice, the study provides a platform for future research investigating the efficacy of such interventions in improving both short- and long-term outcomes for patients following major chest injury.

The quality of research exploring in-session measures of CBT competence: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Kathryn Rayson ◽  
Louise Waddington ◽  
Dougal Julian Hare
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Research Training ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Measurement Properties ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Fidelity Assessment ◽  
Quality Of Research

Abstract Background: Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is in high demand due to its strong evidence base and cost effectiveness. To ensure CBT is delivered as intended in research, training and practice, fidelity assessment is needed. Fidelity is commonly measured by assessors rating treatment sessions, using CBT competence scales (CCSs). Aims: The current review assessed the quality of the literature examining the measurement properties of CCSs and makes recommendations for future research, training and practice. Method: Medline, PsychINFO, Scopus and Web of Science databases were systematically searched to identify relevant peer-reviewed, English language studies from 1980 onwards. Relevant studies were those that were primarily examining the measurement properties of CCSs used to assess adult 1:1 CBT treatment sessions. The quality of studies was assessed using a novel tool created for this study, following which a narrative synthesis is presented. Results: Ten studies met inclusion criteria, most of which were assessed as being ‘fair’ methodological quality, primarily due to small sample sizes. Construct validity and responsiveness definitions were applied inconsistently in the studies, leading to confusion over what was being measured. Conclusions: Although CCSs are widely used, we need to pay careful attention to the quality of research exploring their measurement properties. Consistent definitions of measurement properties, consensus about adequate sample sizes and improved reporting of individual properties are required to ensure the quality of future research.

scholarly journals Clinical presentation and long‐term outcomes of infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a European multicentre study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Norrish ◽  
Gali Kolt ◽  
Elena Cervi ◽  
Ella Field ◽  
Kathleen Dady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Multicentre Study ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Long Term Outcomes

scholarly journals The long-term outcomes of radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformations in pediatric and adolescent populations

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunya Hanakita ◽  
Tomoyuki Koga ◽  
Masahiro Shin ◽  
Hiroshi Igaki ◽  
Nobuhito Saito
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Bleeding Rate ◽  
Study Institute ◽  
Delayed Complications ◽  
Risk Of Hemorrhage

OBJECT Although stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been accepted as a therapeutic option for arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in children and adolescents, substantial data are still lacking regarding the outcomes of SRS for AVMs in this age group, especially long-term complications. This study aimed to clarify the long-term outcomes of SRS for the treatment of AVM in pediatric patients aged ≤ 18 years. METHODS Outcomes of 116 patients who were aged 4–18 years when they underwent SRS between 1990 and 2009 at the study institute were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS The median follow-up period after SRS was 100 months, with 6 patients followed up for more than 20 years. Actuarial obliteration rates at 3 and 5 years after SRS were 68% and 88%, respectively. Five hemorrhages occurred in 851 patient-years of follow-up. The annual bleeding rate after SRS before obliteration was calculated as 1.3%, which decreased to 0.2% after obliteration. Shorter maximum nidus diameter (p = 0.02) and higher margin dose (p = 0.03) were associated with a higher obliteration rate. Ten patients experienced adverse events after SRS. Of them, 4 patients presented with delayed complications years after SRS (range 9–20 years after SRS). CONCLUSIONS SRS can reduce the risk of hemorrhage in pediatric and adolescent AVMs, with an acceptable risk of complications in the long term. However, adverse events such as expanding hematoma and radiation necrosis that can occur after substantial follow-up should be taken into account at the time that treatment decisions are made and informed consent is obtained.

Long-Term Outcomes in Pockets of Effectiveness

2020 ◽  
pp. 187-201
Author(s):  
Erin Metz McDonnell
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Organizational Reform ◽  
Future Outcomes

This chapter describes what happened to the positive cases in this study over the longer term. By examining the outcomes observed in the selected cases, the chapter sheds some speculative light on whether the bureaucratic ethos can survive the departure of the niche founder, and sketches a range of possible outcomes for whether niches can scale up or possibly even diffuse more broadly. However, because the cases studied so far in this work have been selected instead of being randomly sampled, they cannot definitively show what will happen or even what is likely to happen as pockets of effectiveness within the state mature. They do however, sketch a range of future outcomes that are possible, laying a foundation for future research to analyze the conditions under which particular long-term outcomes do or do not emerge. The cases collectively illuminate some of the promise and pitfalls of interstitiality as a force for organizational reform more broadly throughout the state.

scholarly journals Erratum to “Clinical Presentation and Long-Term Outcomes of Systemic Sclerosis Portuguese Patients from a Single Centre Cohort: A EUSTAR Registration Initiative”

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 520
Author(s):  
Carolina Vidal ◽  
Carina Ruano ◽  
Vera Bernardino ◽  
Pedro Lavado Carreira ◽  
Ana Lladó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Espirito Santo ◽  
De Medicina

Article published with errors: https://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/10658On page 312, where the authors’ line reads as:Carolina VIDAL1, Carina RUANO2, Vera BERNARDINO3, Pedro LAVADO CARREIRA3, Ana LLADÓ3, Maria Céu SANTOS4, Heidi GRUNER3, António PANARRA3, Nuno RISO3, Maria Francisca MORAES-FONTESAC,1It should read:Carolina VIDAL1,2, Carina RUANO3, Vera BERNARDINO1, Pedro LAVADO CARREIRA1, Ana LLADÓ1, Maria Céu SANTOS4, Heidi GRUNER1, António PANARRA1, Nuno RISO1, Maria Francisca MORAES-FONTESAC,1 On the same page, where the authors’ affiliation on the footer reads as:Serviço de Medicina Interna. Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo de Ponta Delgada. São Miguel. Portugal.Serviço de Radiologia. Hospital de Santa Marta. Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central. Lisboa. Portugal.Unidade de Doenças Auto-Imunes/Serviço Medicina 7.2. Hospital de Curry Cabral. Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central. Lisboa. Portugal.Laboratório de Imunologia. Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central. Lisboa. Portugal. It should read:Unidade de Doenças Auto-Imunes/Serviço Medicina 7.2. Hospital de Curry Cabral. Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central. Lisboa. Portugal.Serviço de Medicina Interna. Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo de Ponta Delgada. São Miguel. Portugal.Serviço de Radiologia. Hospital de Santa Marta. Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central. Lisboa. Portugal.Laboratório de Imunologia. Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central. Lisboa. Portugal.  

scholarly journals The Effects of Hypertension on Cognitive Function in Children and Adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Cha ◽  
Hiren P. Patel ◽  
David S. Hains ◽  
John D. Mahan
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Effects ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
End Organ Damage ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Hypertension (HTN) is found in about 3-4% of the pediatric population with long-term risks of end organ damage if untreated or poorly controlled. Although children with HTN are being more frequently screened for end organ damage (i.e., LVH), the cognitive effects of HTN and methods to screen for cognitive dysfunction have not been extensively explored. In recent years, there have been a small number of studies that have provided important insights that can guide future research in this area. These studies show that HTN can be associated with headaches, restlessness, sleep disturbance, anxiety, depression, decreased attention, and also poor executive functioning. By increasing the utilization of cognitive tests in hypertensive children and adolescents, important cognitive defects secondary to HTN may be detected. More research is needed in the area, and the results of future studies could have far reaching implications for long-term outcomes in hypertensive children and adolescents.

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