Height growth rate tradeoffs determine northern and southern range limits for trees

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Loehle
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Range Limits

Height growth rate of Scots pine in Central Europe increased by 29% between 1900 and 2000 due to changes in site productivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 490 ◽  
pp. 119102
Author(s):  
Jarosław Socha ◽  
Svein Solberg ◽  
Luiza Tymińska-Czabańska ◽  
Piotr Tompalski ◽  
Patrick Vallet
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Site Productivity

scholarly journals Astragalus Extract Mixture HT042 Increases Longitudinal Bone Growth Rate by Upregulating Circulatory IGF-1 in Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghun Lee ◽  
Sung Hyun Lee ◽  
Yoon Hee Lee ◽  
Jungbin Song ◽  
Hocheol Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Growth Plate ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Direct Stimulation ◽  
Proliferative Rate ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Igfbp 3

Astragalus extract mixture HT042 is a standardized ingredient of health functional food approved by Korean FDA with a claim of “height growth of children.” HT042 stimulates bone growth rate and increases local IGF-1 expression in growth plate of rats which can be considered as direct stimulation of GH and its paracrine/autocrine actions. However, it remains unclear whether HT042 stimulates circulatory IGF-1 which also plays a major role to stimulate bone growth. To determine the effects on circulatory IGF-1, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 expressions and phosphorylation of JAK2/STAT5 were evaluated in the liver after 10 days of HT042 administration. HT042 upregulated liver IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 mRNA expression, IGF-1 protein expression, and phosphorylation of JAK2/STAT5. HT042 also increased bone growth rate and proliferative zonal height in growth plate. In conclusion, HT042 stimulates bone growth rate via increment of proliferative rate by upregulation of liver IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 mRNA followed by IGF-1 protein expression through phosphorylation of JAK2/STAT5, which can be regarded as normal functioning of GH-dependent endocrine pathway.

scholarly journals Phasic Development of Fagus sylvatica based on 240 Years of Continuous Tree-height Observations

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 582a-582
Author(s):  
F.D. Moore ◽  
S.R. Nath ◽  
Y-C Wang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Critical Points ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Linear Phase ◽  
Maximum Slope

Duration of growth is dependent on morphological events or changes in growth rate. It is the latter that is associated with phasic development. The most productive phase of plant growth is the linear or constant rate phase, primarily because it endures longer than the exponential phase. The purpose of our research was to objectively determine the true tree-height growth pattern, the linear and stationary phases of height growth, and to mathematically derive the maximum slope (maximum growth rate) of the growth curve, its location (inflection point), and the maximum slope of the logarithmic form (maximum relative growth rate) of the growth curve. The data were composed of 333 tree-height records covering 240 years from 200 beechwoods in the U.K. Height-age data were fitted using a splined function (S) and the Chapman-Richards function (CR). The growth curve and critical points on the curve were derived from the CR model. The linear phase began when trees were 9 and lasted 43 years. However, the stationary phase did not begin until age 162. Anecdotal evidence suggests that very little fruiting occurs before age 50. Based on derived critical points and anticipated source-sink dynamics, the reproductive stage should have taken place during the progressive “deceleration phase” when trees were between 31 (location of the maximum slope, also inflection point) and 162 (from quadratic root). The linear phase ended at 52 years, (coinciding with minimum acceleration) and may prove a more accurate estimate than 31. Maximum slope was 1.2 m per year occurring at age 31. Maximum slope of the log curve was 0.14 m·m–1 per year. The advantage of the CR function and the importance of the derived quantities and growth phases will be discussed.

Croissance en hauteur à long terme de la régénération préétablie dans des pessières noires boréales régénérées par marcottage, au Québec

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raynald Paquin ◽  
René Doucet
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Effective Age ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
To Come

Height-growth patterns of black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) in the boreal forest were studied in layer-origin stands released by clear-cutting in the first half of this century. Most stems responded to release brought about by clear-cutting of the main stand. Initially, small stems responded more rapidly and more strongly, but their height-growth rate culminated between 20 and 30 years following release, the same period when height-growth rate culminated for the taller, older stems. After the culmination period, growth rates were independent of height at the time of release. Consequently, the taller stems at time of release were able to maintain their dominant position. Height growth over the recent years indicates that this position could be maintained in the years to come, and even indefinitely. It seems that second-growth black spruce stands behave like even-aged stands despite their uneven-aged structure. Consequently, years since release and stem height are more accurate measures of stem effective age than total age. Moreover, the taller stems in the understory, which are usually considerably older, should be considered to be as valuable as smaller regeneration when a stand is cut.

Relative growth rate and biomass allocation of paper birch (Betula papyrifera) populations under different soil moisture and nutrient regimes

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian R Wang ◽  
C DB Hawkins ◽  
Tony Letchford
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Paper Birch

Seedlings of four geographically diverse paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) populations native to British Columbia were grown under low and high levels of water and nitrogen in a greenhouse for 3 months to examine the relative sensitivity of each population to water and nutrient availability. Nine sequential measurements on height and basal diameter growth were made, and then the seedlings were harvested for final biomass measurements. Under optimal conditions the highest elevation population ceased height growth, while the low-elevation coastal population continued to increase in height under all treatment conditions. Plants of all populations grown under high N conditions grew faster and had larger total biomass and lower root/shoot ratios than plants grown under low N conditions. Relative growth rate was significantly correlated with shoot and foliage biomass, leaf area, and root weight ratio. All populations generally responded more to low N level than to low moisture level in terms of height growth, relative growth rate, total biomass, and root/shoot ratio. This suggests that the populations observed in this study are better adapted to drought than poor soil nutrient availability. Therefore, consideration of site quality, which includes soil moisture regime and soil nutrient regime, should be a primary concern when allocating birch seed lots in a planting program.

scholarly journals Mutation accumulation and the formation of range limits

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 20140871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roslyn C. Henry ◽  
Kamil A. Bartoń ◽  
Justin M. J. Travis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Environmental Gradient ◽  
Species Distributions ◽  
Mutation Accumulation ◽  
Range Limits ◽  
Deleterious Mutations ◽  
Mutation Load ◽  
Limited Growth ◽  
Marginal Populations

The dynamics of range formation are important for understanding and predicting species distributions. Here, we focus on a process that has thus far been overlooked in the context of range formation; the accumulation of mutation load. We find that mutation accumulation severely reduces the extent of a range across an environmental gradient, especially when dispersal is limited, growth rate is low and mutations are of intermediate deleterious effect. Our results illustrate the important role deleterious mutations can play in range formation. We highlight this as a necessary focus for further work, noting particularly the potentially conflicting effects dispersal may have in reducing mutation load and simultaneously increasing migration load in marginal populations.

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