scholarly journals Medical students' personality characteristics and academic performance: a five-factor model perspective

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1050-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Lievens ◽  
Pol Coetsier ◽  
Filip De Fruyt ◽  
Jan De Maeseneer
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Personality Characteristics

The “Right Stuff”: Personality Tests and the Five-Factor Model in Landing Craft Air Cushion Crew Training

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (13) ◽  
pp. 920-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Street ◽  
Kathleen T. Helton
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Personality Testing ◽  
Personality Factor ◽  
Selection System ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Air Cushion ◽  
Training Success ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of our investigation was to determine if personality testing and a five-factor model could improve the selection of Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC) vehicle operators. Vehicle operators for the LCAC are currently selected on the basis of their performance on a computer-based psychomotor selection system. The various psychomotor tests in the selection system have demonstrated predictive validity in LCAC crew training. Certain personality characteristics may also be involved in the LCAC vehicle operator training success. In fact, various researchers have found that personality testing may improve the selection of Navy/Marine Corps aviators. There is increasing evidence that a five-factor model may be useful in describing the personality characteristics involved in training success. We believe that a five-factor model may improve the selection system used for LCAC vehicle operators. A principal component analysis with varimax rotation was conducted to determine the underlying structure of the Adult Personality Inventory (API) with 168 LCAC crew candidates. The resulting factor scores were then entered into a series of hierarchical multiple regression analyses to determine the relation of the personality factor scores and the performance-based test to an underway grade in training criterion. The results indicated that one personality factor, openness, significantly improved predictions of the criterion ( p < 0.05). Based on these results, we believe that personality testing may improve the selection of LCAC vehicle operators.

scholarly journals Sexual offending hierarchies, personality attributions, and the clinical implications

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Elizabeth Challinor ◽  
Simon Duff
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Sexual Offending ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Sexual Offence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine sexual offending hierarchies constructed by the general public and forensic staff based on personal attitudes and perceived severity of offence. In addition, six sexual offence perpetrators are differentiated using the Five Factor Model of personality. Design/methodology/approach Vignettes represented six sexual offence perpetrators. Participants built a hierarchy based on perceived severity of offence, before attributing personality characteristics to each offender using a Likert-type scale. Findings Contact offenders were perceived as more dangerous than non-contact offenders. Rapists were perceived as the most dangerous, and voyeurs the least dangerous. Offenders were attributed significantly different personality traits. Generally, men who sexually offend are perceived to be low in agreeableness, openness and conscientiousness and high in impulsivity, manipulativeness and neuroticism. Practical implications The research highlights the importance of individual risk assessment in determining best practice treatment for men who have sexually offended (MSO). The Five Factor Model has been proven to be a useful tool to explore the impact staff attitudes have on risk assessment and treatment. Low-risk and high-risk MSO would benefit from divergent treatment. Consideration should be given to personality characteristics in addition to level of risk. Originality/value The research determines a hierarchy of men who sexually offend, and goes beyond the “label” of sexual offenders to explore how personality impacts on formation of attitudes.

scholarly journals Does Medical Students’ Personality Traits Influence Their Attitudes toward Medical Errors?

Healthcare ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Lun Lo ◽  
Hsiao-Ting Tseng ◽  
Chi-Hua Chen
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Medical Errors ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Questionnaire Response ◽  
Medical Department ◽  
Enhance Patient Safety ◽  
New Students ◽  
Quality Of Medical Care

This study examined medical students’ perceptions towards medical errors and the policy of the hospital within the internship curriculum, and explored how aspects of personality traits of medical students relate to their attitude toward medical errors. Based on the theory of the Five-Factor-Model (FFM) and related literature review, this study adopted a self-devised structured questionnaire to distribute to 493 medical students in years five to seven in the top three medical schools, representing a 56.7% valid questionnaire response rate. Results showed that agreeableness is more important than other personality traits, and medical students with high agreeableness are good communicators and have a more positive attitude to avoid errors in the future. On the contrary, students with low neuroticism tended to be more relaxed and gentle. If medical educators can recruit new students with high agreeableness, these students will be more likely to effectively improve the quality of medical care and enhance patient safety. This study anticipates that this method could be easily translated to nearly every medical department entry examination, particularly with regards to a consciousness-based education of future physicians.

Personality Correlates Related to Tobacco Abstinence following Treatment

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Michael Hooten ◽  
Troy D. Wolter ◽  
Steven C. Ames ◽  
Richard D. Hurt ◽  
Kristin S. Vickers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Smoking Abstinence ◽  
Treatment Matching ◽  
Personality Correlates ◽  
Clinical Trails

Objective: The five-factor model of personality was used to describe the correlates of smoking abstinence. Methods: Following treatment in the Mayo Clinic Nicotine Dependence Center, the six month abstinence status was determined by self-report. Sixteen months to 2.4 years following the initial treatment evaluation, and 10 months to 1.9 years after the abstinence status was determined, 475 patients were mailed a Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Five-Factor Inventory questionnaire. Ninety-nine abstinent and 151 smoking patients returned a completed questionnaire. Results: Multivariate analysis showed that low scores on neuroticism and openness were associated with tobacco abstinence. In addition, high scores on neuroticism and low scores on agreeableness and conscientiousness were associated with predictors of poor outcome including greater number of cigarettes smoked per day, initiation of smoking prior to age 18, and a Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence score of ≥ 6. Conclusions: Personality characteristics as predictors of smoking abstinence following treatment warrant further investigation in prospective clinical trails. Treatment matching using personality profiling as a guide may be a valuable tool for improving abstinence rates following treatment for nicotine dependence.

scholarly journals Understanding the Personality Traits of Medical Students Using the Five Factor Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustaffa M. B. ◽  
Nasir R. ◽  
Khairudin R. ◽  
Zainah A. Z. ◽  
Wan Shahrazad W. S. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model

scholarly journals Age Differences in the Variance of Personality Characteristics

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Mõttus ◽  
Jüri Allik ◽  
Martina Hřebíčková ◽  
Liisi Kööts–Ausmees ◽  
Anu Realo
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Model Domain

In contrast to mean–level comparisons, age group differences in personality trait variance have received only passing research interest. This may seem surprising because individual differences in personality characteristics are exactly what most of personality psychology is about. Because different proposed mechanisms of personality development may entail either increases or decreases in variance over time, the current study is exploratory in nature. Age differences in variance were tested by comparing the standard deviations of the five–factor model domain and facet scales across two age groups (20 to 30 years old versus 50 to 60 years old). Samples from three cultures (Estonia, the Czech Republic and Russia) were employed, and two methods (self–reports and informant–reports) were used. The results showed modest convergence across samples and methods. Age group differences were significant for 11 of 150 facet–level comparisons but never consistently for the same facets. No significant age group differences were observed for the five–factor model domain variance. Therefore, there is little evidence for individual differences in personality characteristics being systematically smaller or larger in older as opposed to younger people. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding personality development. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology

Resolving a scientific embarrassment: A comment on the articles in this special issue

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis R. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Specific Attribute ◽  
Big Five Model ◽  
Broad Dimension

The controversy concerning the two dominant interpretations of Factor V reflects a confusion in the scientific literature between two different five‐factor models, each proposed for a different purpose. In the ‘Five‐Factor Model’ of genotypic personality dispositions, the fifth factor is interpreted as a broad dimension of Openness to Experience. On the other hand, in the ‘Big‐Five’ model of phenotypic personality‐trait descriptors, Factor V is best labeled as Intellect or Imagination, and Openness is viewed as a narrower and more specific attribute at a lower level in the hierarchy of lexicalized personality characteristics. As future investigators begin to differentiate more clearly between the two purposes of these models, their differential use of the two labels should serve to signal their scientific intents.

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