The “Right Stuff”: Personality Tests and the Five-Factor Model in Landing Craft Air Cushion Crew Training

The purpose of our investigation was to determine if personality testing and a five-factor model could improve the selection of Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC) vehicle operators. Vehicle operators for the LCAC are currently selected on the basis of their performance on a computer-based psychomotor selection system. The various psychomotor tests in the selection system have demonstrated predictive validity in LCAC crew training. Certain personality characteristics may also be involved in the LCAC vehicle operator training success. In fact, various researchers have found that personality testing may improve the selection of Navy/Marine Corps aviators. There is increasing evidence that a five-factor model may be useful in describing the personality characteristics involved in training success. We believe that a five-factor model may improve the selection system used for LCAC vehicle operators. A principal component analysis with varimax rotation was conducted to determine the underlying structure of the Adult Personality Inventory (API) with 168 LCAC crew candidates. The resulting factor scores were then entered into a series of hierarchical multiple regression analyses to determine the relation of the personality factor scores and the performance-based test to an underway grade in training criterion. The results indicated that one personality factor, openness, significantly improved predictions of the criterion ( p < 0.05). Based on these results, we believe that personality testing may improve the selection of LCAC vehicle operators.

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Sexual offending hierarchies, personality attributions, and the clinical implications

Journal of Forensic Practice ◽

10.1108/jfp-07-2016-0031 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 190-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Laura Elizabeth Challinor ◽

Simon Duff

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Factor Model ◽

Sexual Offending ◽

Five Factor Model ◽

Personality Characteristics ◽

Individual Risk ◽

Sexual Offence ◽

Content Type ◽

Perceived Severity ◽

The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine sexual offending hierarchies constructed by the general public and forensic staff based on personal attitudes and perceived severity of offence. In addition, six sexual offence perpetrators are differentiated using the Five Factor Model of personality. Design/methodology/approach Vignettes represented six sexual offence perpetrators. Participants built a hierarchy based on perceived severity of offence, before attributing personality characteristics to each offender using a Likert-type scale. Findings Contact offenders were perceived as more dangerous than non-contact offenders. Rapists were perceived as the most dangerous, and voyeurs the least dangerous. Offenders were attributed significantly different personality traits. Generally, men who sexually offend are perceived to be low in agreeableness, openness and conscientiousness and high in impulsivity, manipulativeness and neuroticism. Practical implications The research highlights the importance of individual risk assessment in determining best practice treatment for men who have sexually offended (MSO). The Five Factor Model has been proven to be a useful tool to explore the impact staff attitudes have on risk assessment and treatment. Low-risk and high-risk MSO would benefit from divergent treatment. Consideration should be given to personality characteristics in addition to level of risk. Originality/value The research determines a hierarchy of men who sexually offend, and goes beyond the “label” of sexual offenders to explore how personality impacts on formation of attitudes.

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Personality Correlates Related to Tobacco Abstinence following Treatment

The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine ◽

10.2190/n9f1-1r9g-6edw-9bfl ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 59-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

W. Michael Hooten ◽

Troy D. Wolter ◽

Steven C. Ames ◽

Richard D. Hurt ◽

Kristin S. Vickers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Nicotine Dependence ◽

Factor Model ◽

Five Factor Model ◽

Personality Characteristics ◽

Self Report ◽

Smoking Abstinence ◽

Treatment Matching ◽

Personality Correlates ◽

Clinical Trails

Objective: The five-factor model of personality was used to describe the correlates of smoking abstinence. Methods: Following treatment in the Mayo Clinic Nicotine Dependence Center, the six month abstinence status was determined by self-report. Sixteen months to 2.4 years following the initial treatment evaluation, and 10 months to 1.9 years after the abstinence status was determined, 475 patients were mailed a Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Five-Factor Inventory questionnaire. Ninety-nine abstinent and 151 smoking patients returned a completed questionnaire. Results: Multivariate analysis showed that low scores on neuroticism and openness were associated with tobacco abstinence. In addition, high scores on neuroticism and low scores on agreeableness and conscientiousness were associated with predictors of poor outcome including greater number of cigarettes smoked per day, initiation of smoking prior to age 18, and a Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence score of ≥ 6. Conclusions: Personality characteristics as predictors of smoking abstinence following treatment warrant further investigation in prospective clinical trails. Treatment matching using personality profiling as a guide may be a valuable tool for improving abstinence rates following treatment for nicotine dependence.

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Personality Testing and Industrial–Organizational Psychology: Reflections, Progress, and Prospects

Industrial and Organizational Psychology ◽

10.1111/j.1754-9434.2008.00048.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 272-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 85

Author(s):

Leaetta M. Hough ◽

Frederick L. Oswald

Keyword(s):

Factor Model ◽

Five Factor Model ◽

Organizational Psychology ◽

Incremental Validity ◽

Personality Testing ◽

Personality Tests ◽

Organizational Research ◽

Broad Perspective ◽

Industrial Organizational Psychology ◽

Multidimensional Models

As the title suggests, this article takes a broad perspective on personality as it is conceptualized and measured in organizational research, and in the spirit of this Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology journal, we framed the article as a series of 7 questions. These 7 questions deal with (1) personality and multidimensional models of performance, (2) personality taxonomies and the five-factor model, (3) the effects of situations on personality–performance relationships, (4) the incremental validity of personality over cognitive ability, (5) the need to differentiate personality constructs from personality measures, (6) the concern with faking on personality tests, and (7) the use of personality tests in attempting to address adverse impact. We dovetail these questions with our perspectives and insights in the hope that this will stimulate further discussion with our readership.

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Age Differences in the Variance of Personality Characteristics

European Journal of Personality ◽

10.1002/per.2036 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 4-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

René Mõttus ◽

Jüri Allik ◽

Martina Hřebíčková ◽

Liisi Kööts–Ausmees ◽

Anu Realo

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Age Differences ◽

Factor Model ◽

Five Factor Model ◽

Personality Development ◽

Personality Characteristics ◽

Group Differences ◽

Age Group ◽

Personality Psychology ◽

Model Domain

In contrast to mean–level comparisons, age group differences in personality trait variance have received only passing research interest. This may seem surprising because individual differences in personality characteristics are exactly what most of personality psychology is about. Because different proposed mechanisms of personality development may entail either increases or decreases in variance over time, the current study is exploratory in nature. Age differences in variance were tested by comparing the standard deviations of the five–factor model domain and facet scales across two age groups (20 to 30 years old versus 50 to 60 years old). Samples from three cultures (Estonia, the Czech Republic and Russia) were employed, and two methods (self–reports and informant–reports) were used. The results showed modest convergence across samples and methods. Age group differences were significant for 11 of 150 facet–level comparisons but never consistently for the same facets. No significant age group differences were observed for the five–factor model domain variance. Therefore, there is little evidence for individual differences in personality characteristics being systematically smaller or larger in older as opposed to younger people. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding personality development. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology

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Does Personality Similarity in Bottlenose Dolphin Pairs Influence Dyadic Bond Characteristics?

International Journal of Comparative Psychology ◽

10.46867/ijcp.2017.30.00.10 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kelsey R. Moreno ◽

Lauren Highfill ◽

Stan A. Kuczaj II

Keyword(s):

Factor Model ◽

Five Factor Model ◽

Well Being ◽

Social Structures ◽

Life History Strategies ◽

Personality Factor ◽

Naturalistic Environment ◽

Animal Care ◽

Captive Animal ◽

Bond Characteristics

Social structures are critical to the success of many species and have repercussions on health, well-being, and adaptation, yet little is known about the factors which shape these structures aside from ecology and life history strategies. Dyadic bonds are the basis of all social structures; however, mechanisms for formations of specific bonds or patterns in which individuals form which types of bonds have yet to be demonstrated. There is a variety of evidence indicating personality may be a factor in shaping bonds, but this relationship has not been explored with respect to bond components and is yet to be demonstrated in dolphins. This study utilizes a captive population in a naturalistic environment to test for correlation between similarity within the dyad along each personality factor and the strength of the dyad’s bond characteristics. Personality was assessed using a Five Factor Model questionnaire. Dyadic bond strength and characteristic qualities were determined through an exploratory factor analysis to group behaviors recorded via underwater opportunistic focal-follow video. Discovered bond components differed from previous studies and were termed affiliative support, sociosexual, and conflict play. Individuals who differed in Extraversion and Neuroticism displayed greater levels of bonding. This study expands our understanding of the formation of bonds between individuals and the evolution of social structure. Furthermore, it better equips us for making informed environmental policy decisions and improving captive animal care.

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Medical students' personality characteristics and academic performance: a five-factor model perspective

Medical Education ◽

10.1046/j.1365-2923.2002.01328.x ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 36 (11) ◽

pp. 1050-1056 ◽

Cited By ~ 174

Author(s):

Filip Lievens ◽

Pol Coetsier ◽

Filip De Fruyt ◽

Jan De Maeseneer

Keyword(s):

Academic Performance ◽

Medical Students ◽

Factor Model ◽

Five Factor Model ◽

Personality Characteristics

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Personality testing and the Americans With Disabilities Act: Cause for concern as normal and abnormal personality models are integrated

Industrial and Organizational Psychology ◽

10.1017/iop.2018.156 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 119-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Arturia Melson-Silimon ◽

Alexandra M. Harris ◽

Elizabeth L. Shoenfelt ◽

Joshua D. Miller ◽

Nathan T. Carter

Keyword(s):

Personality Disorders ◽

Americans With Disabilities Act ◽

Factor Model ◽

Five Factor Model ◽

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ◽

Personality Testing ◽

Personality Measures ◽

Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

Personality Tests ◽

Selection Systems

AbstractApplied psychologists commonly use personality tests in employee selection systems because of their advantages regarding incremental criterion-related validity and less adverse impact relative to cognitive ability tests. Although personality tests have seen limited legal challenges in the past, we posit that the use of personality tests might see increased challenges under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the ADA Amendments Act (ADAAA) due to emerging evidence that normative personality and personality disorders belong to common continua. This article aims to begin a discussion and offer initial insight regarding the possible implications of this research for personality testing under the ADA. We review past case law, scholarship in employment law, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) guidance regarding “medical examinations,” and recent literature from various psychology disciplines—including clinical, neuropsychology, and applied personality psychology—regarding the relationship between normative personality and personality disorders. More importantly, we review suggestions proposing the five-factor model (FFM) be used to diagnose personality disorders (PDs) and recent changes in theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM). Our review suggests that as scientific understanding of personality progresses, practitioners will need to exercise evermore caution when choosing personality measures for use in selection systems. We conclude with six recommendations for applied psychologists when developing or choosing personality measures.

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Structure of the 16 PF Fifth Edition from the Perspective of the Five-Factor Model

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1995.76.2.555 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. 555-560 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Anupama Byravan ◽

Nerella V. Ramanaiah

Keyword(s):

Factor Model ◽

Five Factor Model ◽

Strong Support ◽

Personality Factors ◽

Personality Factor ◽

Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire ◽

Neo Personality Inventory ◽

Sixteen Personality Factor ◽

Five Factors ◽

Personality Factor Questionnaire

Factor structure of the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (Fifth Edition) was investigated from the perspective of the five-factor model, using Goldberg's 1992 scales for five factors of personality and the Revised NEO Personality Inventory scales as markers for the five major personality factors. The three inventories were completed by 96 male and 92 female undergraduates. Results provided strong support for the generality and comprehensiveness of the five-factor model.

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Development and preliminary evaluation of a brief five-factor personality instrument

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.10003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (7) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Weiliang Lim ◽

Elaine Chapman

Keyword(s):

Internal Structure ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Factor Model ◽

Five Factor Model ◽

Personality Factor ◽

Preliminary Evaluation ◽

Response Format ◽

Factor Analyses ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽

Confirmatory Factor

Instruments to measure personality traits in the five-factor model of personality are typically lengthy, which can hamper their use in studies with multiple measures. In this study we developed a brief five-factor instrument based on a bipolar statement response format and validated the instrument for use in the Singapore education context. The 20-item Brief Five-Factor Instrument (BFFI) comprises four items to measure each personality factor in the five-factor model. To evaluate the internal structure of the BFFI, students at two polytechnics in Singapore responded to the scale (Polytechnic A, n = 421; Polytechnic B, n = 271). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to evaluate the factor structure of the measure. Results suggest that the BFFI has promise for use in the Singapore education context.

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