Redefining Type 2 diabetes: 'Diabesity' or 'Obesity Dependent Diabetes Mellitus'?

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Astrup ◽  
N. Finer
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

scholarly journals The impact of dietary protein restriction on insulin secretion and action

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Holness
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Impact

The goal of this review is to develop the hypothesis, and review the evidence, that protein restriction, through synergistic effects on multiple organ systems predisposes to loss of normal regulation of fuel homeostasis that plays the central role in the development of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. The ability of insulin to regulate glucose production and disposal varies between individuals. These differences, together with the various compensatory mechanisms that are invoked to attempt to normalize fuel homeostasis, are of fundamental importance in the development and clinical course of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Protein deprivation impacts on both insulin secretion and insulin action. These effects may persist even when a diet containing adequate protein is presented subsequently. Data are presented that suggest that protein restriction results in an impaired ability of pancreatic β-cells to compensate adequately for the defect in insulin action in insulin-resistant individuals. This persistent impairment of insulin secretion resulting from protein restriction predisposes to loss of glucoregulatory control and impaired insulin action after the subsequent imposition of a diabetogenic challenge. This inability to maintain the degree of compensatory hyperinsulinaemia necessary to prevent loss of glucose tolerance may have relevance to the increased incidence of diabetes on changing from a nutritionally-poor diet to a Western diet, and to the hypothesis that some cases of type 2 diabetes in adulthood may be related to poor early nutrition.

scholarly journals Modern technologies in management of diabetes

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-301
Author(s):  
Anbreen Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Imran Qadir ◽  
Muhammad Asif
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Islet Cell ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Islet Cell Transplantation ◽  
Insulin Dependent

Diabetes is not one disease but rather is a heterogeneous group of syndromes characterized by an elevation of fasting blood glucose caused by a relative or absolute deficiency in insulin. The two main types of diabetes occur, type-1 is insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and type-2 is non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. In type-1 body does not produce insulin and about 10% of all diabetic patients are affected. In type-2 diabetes imbalance of insulin and glucose occur and there are about 90% cases for type-2 diabetes. Gestational diabetes is also a type of diabetes and it is found mostly in women’s who are pregnant later such women’s are affected with type-2 diabetes and about 40% cases are studied. Different countries are affected at high level from diabetes. For the treatment of diabetes different techniques like insulin injection, oral vaccination, pancreas transplantation, transplantation of encapsulated islet cells, gene therapy technique and islet cell transplantation are used. All techniques have some advantages and disadvantages, but the encapsulated islet cell transplantation technique is promising with minimum complications. 

Treating Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-sectional Audit of Naturopathic Standards of Care Using the Naturopathic Patient Database

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Habib ◽  
Matthew Gowan ◽  
Stefan Podgrabinski ◽  
Tom Grodski ◽  
Brenda Leung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
American Diabetes Association ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Patient Database

The Naturopathic Patient Database is a data management tool developed by the Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine to collect patient data from its teaching clinic, the Robert Schad Naturopathic Clinic. This study investigated how type 2 diabetes mellitus was managed at the Robert Schad Naturopathic Clinic from May 2009 to February 2011. Cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus from the Robert Schad Naturopathic Clinic reported in the Naturopathic Patient Database were extracted based on an International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision code assessment of E11 (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) and files were audited. The American Diabetes Association 2010 standards of medical care in diabetes were used as guidelines for the audit. Multiple categories in diagnosis, physical exam, laboratory tests, and management were graded on a 0 to 2 scale. The average audit score was 55.5/90. The most common interventions being used are diet and aerobic exercise, followed by supplements (omega-3 fatty acids) and botanicals. These data suggest that the American Diabetes Association standards of care for type 2 diabetes mellitus are not followed stringently. Education and creation of a naturopathic standard of care may improve audit performance and patient outcomes.

The Effect of High Sugar Intake on the Development of Periradicular Lesions in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes

2003 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Iwama ◽  
N. Nishigaki ◽  
K. Nakamura ◽  
I. Imaizumi ◽  
N. Shibata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Conditions ◽  
Insulin Dependent

Diabetes mellitus is associated with depression of natural defenses against infection and increases the risk of periodontal disease. However, the effects of diabetes on periradicular tissue, which differs structurally from periodontal tissue, are not known. In this study, we evaluated the effects of type 2 diabetes on the development of periradicular lesions after exposure of the pulp in the left mandibular first molar through the occlusal surface in rats. GK rats with spontaneous non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and Wistar rats (controls) received a normal laboratory diet and either water or a 30% sucrose solution. At both 2 and 4 weeks after pulp exposure, histologic analysis showed that alveolar bone resorption was most severe and the periradicular lesions were largest in diabetic rats given the sucrose solution. These results suggest that the metabolic conditions produced by type 2 diabetes enhance the development of periradicular lesions in rats.

scholarly journals The serum levels somatostatin in type 2 diabetes mellitus

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Kostic ◽  
Branislava Brkic ◽  
Sanja Ilic ◽  
Vesna Starcevic ◽  
Gordana Lazovic
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Control ◽  
Autonomic Neuropathy ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Somatostatin Secretion ◽  
Significant Difference

The dynamic study of somatostatin secretion was performed in 105 patients, with noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus and 40 healthy volounteers. The patients were divided into groups in relation to the presence of autonomic neuropathy and metabolic control of diabetes mellitus. Serum somatostatin secretion was determined employeing a specific RIA method. An oral administration of a protein rich meal was performed in all subjects. The serum levels of somatostatin were not significantly different between type 2 diabetics and controls. There were no significant difference between the group with and the group without autonomic neuropathy. Diabetics in poor metabolic control had significantly increased in somatostatin (54.0 ? 22.2 pmol/L) levels compared with group well compensated (48.8 ? 16.5 pmol/L) (p < 0.01). Data of increased somatostatin levels in poor controlled diabetics suggest it-s pathophysiological role in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Effect of Chromium Supplementation on Blood Glucose and Lipid Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Elderly Patients

2004 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabinovitz ◽  
Friedensohn ◽  
Leibovitz ◽  
Gabay ◽  
Rocas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Chromium Picolinate ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Post Intervention

Intervention trials have shown the beneficial effects of chromium supplementation in type 2 diabetes (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus). This study investigated the effects of chromium picolinate on elderly diabetic patients within a rehabilitation program. Thirty-nine diabetic subjects, average age 73 years (18 males and 21 females), undergoing rehabilitation following stroke or hip fracture, were recruited to participate in this study. An additional 39 diabetic patients constituted the control group. Along with standard treatment for diabetes, the study group received 200 mug of chromium twice a day for a three-week period. Blood samples, dietary intake, and anthropometric data were collected prior to and post-intervention. Throughout the study period, participants received a diet of approximately 1500 kcal/day. Significant differences in the fasting blood level of glucose compared to the baseline (190 mg/dL vs 150 mg/dL, p < 0.001) were found at the end of the study. HbA1c also improved from 8.2% to 7.6% (p < 0.01). Total cholesterol was also reduced from 235 mg/dL to 213 mg/dL (p < 0.02). A trend towards lowered triglyceride levels was also observed (152 mg/dL vs 136 mg/dL). We conclude that, in this population of elderly, diabetic patients undergoing rehabilitation, dietary supplementation with chromium is beneficial in moderating glucose intolerance. In addition, chromium intake appears to lower plasma lipid levels.

Clinical features, lifestyle management, and glycaemic targets in type 2 diabetes mellitus

2011 ◽  
pp. 1774-1779
Author(s):  
David Matthews ◽  
Usha Ayyagari ◽  
Pamela Dyson
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Maturity Onset Diabetes ◽  
Onset Diabetes ◽  
The Usa ◽  
High Level

Type 2 diabetes—previously named ‘maturity-onset diabetes’ or ‘non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus’—was, in the past, generally diagnosed in individuals over the age of 40 years old, but, with the modern epidemic, is found in increasing numbers in younger people, including teenagers and children. It is strongly associated with overweight and obese individuals, and tends to run in families. This feature may be environmental, since being overweight also runs in families, but there are specific genes for obesity (1). Type 2 diabetes that occurs in younger individuals with a very strong family history of early-onset diabetes may be the autosomally dominant ‘maturity-onset diabetes of the young’ (MODY) (see Chapter 13.3.4). In an environment where there is a pandemic of diabetes, one should maintain a very high level of suspicion of diabetes in those who are overweight—in the USA, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is running at 8% of the population, and, in South India and Sri Lanka, at up to 18% in urban communities (2).

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