Source-sink balance and carbon allocation below ground in plants exposed to ozone

2003 ◽  
Vol 157 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian P. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Source Sink

Sink strength of citrus rootstocks under water deficit

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone F da Silva ◽  
Marcela T Miranda ◽  
Vladimir E Costa ◽  
Eduardo C Machado ◽  
Rafael V Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Carbon Supply ◽  
Valencia Orange ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Orange Trees

Abstract Carbon allocation between source and sink organs determines plant growth and is influenced by environmental conditions. Under water deficit, plant growth is inhibited before photosynthesis and shoot growth tends to be more sensitive than root growth. However, the modulation of source-sink relationship by rootstocks remain unsolved in citrus trees under water deficit. Citrus plants grafted on Rangpur lime are drought tolerant, which may be related to a fine coordination of the source-sink relationship for maintaining root growth. Here, we followed 13C allocation and evaluated physiological responses and growth of Valencia orange trees grafted on three citrus rootstocks (Rangpur lime, Swingle citrumelo and Sunki mandarin) under water deficit. As compared to plants on Swingle and Sunki rootstocks, ones grafted on Rangpur lime showed higher stomatal sensitivity to the initial variation of water availability and less accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates in roots under water deficit. High 13C allocation found in Rangpur lime roots indicates this rootstock has high sink demand associated with high root growth under water deficit. Our data suggest that Rangpur lime rootstock used photoassimilates as sources of energy and carbon skeletons for growing under drought, which is likely related to increases in root respiration. Taken together, our data revealed that carbon supply by leaves and delivery to roots are critical for maintaining root growth and improving drought tolerance, with citrus rootstocks showing differential sink strength under water deficit.

Responses of vegetative and reproductive traits to elevated CO2 and nitrogen in Raphanus varieties

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanne M. Jablonski
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Test System ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽  
Reproductive Phase ◽  
Reproductive Response ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Vegetative Biomass ◽  
Source Sink

The relationships between the responses to elevated CO2 of the vegetative and reproductive phase were investigated in radish, used as a test system. The hypothesis that an increase in nonfoliar vegetative storage capacity promotes reproductive output was tested. Three cultivars of Raphanus sativus and the wild, Raphanus raphanistrum, differing in root to shoot ratios, were grown under two levels of CO2 and two levels of nitrogen fertilization. Varieties possessed different strategies of carbon storage and showed distinct responses to CO2 at each vegetative harvest time. Vegetative sinks of hypocotyls, petioles, and young blades were enhanced by CO2. Nitrogen promoted vegetative shoot growth, but did not enhance the reproductive response to CO2. By the end of the reproductive phase, varieties did not differ in total biomass. Reproductive response to CO2 may have been limited by the lack of an effect on the timing of flowering. Correlations in CO2 enhancement ratios were examined in 12 traits of each phase. Only vegetative total leaf area correlated with reproductive mass. Foliar starch correlated with decreased abortion. Enhancements in vegetative biomass did not correlate with any reproductive response. Detailed studies of the reproductive phase are needed to understand the whole-plant response to elevated CO2. Key words: elevated CO2, plant reproduction, nitrogen, starch, carbon allocation, source–sink.

Below-ground carbon allocation in mature beech and spruce trees following long-term, experimentally enhanced O3 exposure in Southern Germany

2010 ◽  
Vol 158 (8) ◽  
pp. 2604-2609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian P. Andersen ◽  
Wilma Ritter ◽  
Jillian Gregg ◽  
Rainer Matyssek ◽  
Thorsten E.E. Grams
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Southern Germany ◽  
Below Ground

scholarly journals Simulation of carbon allocation and organ growth variability in apple tree by connecting architectural and source–sink models

2016 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Pallas ◽  
David Da Silva ◽  
Pierre Valsesia ◽  
Weiwei Yang ◽  
Olivier Guillaume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apple Tree ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Organ Growth ◽  
Growth Variability ◽  
Source Sink

scholarly journals Spatial control of potato tuberisation by the TCP transcription factor BRANCHED1b

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Nicolas ◽  
Rafael Torres-Perez ◽  
Vanessa Wahl ◽  
María Luisa Rodríguez-Buey ◽  
Eduard Cruz-Oró ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Ectopic Production ◽  
Natural Carbon

Abstract The control of carbon allocation, storage and usage is critical for plant growth and development and is exploited for both crop food production and CO2 capture. Potato tubers are natural carbon reserves in the form of starch that have evolved to allow propagation and survival over winter. They form from stolons, below ground, where they are protected from cold temperatures and animal foraging. We show that BRANCHED1b (BRC1b) acts as a tuberisation repressor in aerial axillary buds, which prevents buds from competing in sink strength with stolons. BRC1b loss of function leads to ectopic production of aerial tubers and reduced underground tuberisation. In buds, BRC1b promotes dormancy, ABA signalling and downregulation of plasmodesmata gene expression. This limits sucrose unloading and access of the tuberigen factor SP6A to axillary buds. Moreover, BRC1b directly interacts with SP6A and blocks its tuber-forming activity in aerial nodes. Altogether these actions help promote tuberisation underground.

scholarly journals Below-Ground Growth of Alpine Plants, Not Above-Ground Growth, Is Linked to the Extent of Its Carbon Storage

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2680
Author(s):  
Youfu Zhang ◽  
Tuo Chen ◽  
Hanbo Yun ◽  
Chunyan Chen ◽  
Yongzhi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Major Process ◽  
Below Ground

Understanding carbon allocation in plants is essential for explaining their growth strategies during environmental adaptation. However, the role of mobile carbon in plant growth and its response to habitat conditions is still disputed. In degraded meadow (alpine sandy grassland) and non-degraded meadow (typical alpine meadow and swamp meadow) on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, we measured the monthly averages of above-ground biomass (AGB) and below-ground biomass (BGB) of the investigated species in each meadow and the average concentration of non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs), an indicator of carbon storage. Below-ground organs had higher concentrations and showed more seasonal variation in NSCs than above-ground organs. BGB had a positive correlation with below-ground NSCs levels. However, AGB had no clear relationship with above-ground NSCs levels. Plants in sandy grasslands had higher total NSC, soluble sugars, fructose, and sucrose concentrations and lower starch concentrations in below-ground organs than plants in alpine or swamp meadows. Overall, NSCs storage, particularly soluble sugars, is a major process underlying the pattern of below-ground growth, but not above-ground growth, in the meadow ecosystem of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, and degraded meadow strengthens this process. These results suggest that the extent of carbon storage in non-photosynthetic organs of alpine herbs impacts their growth and habitat adaptation.

scholarly journals Herbivore-induced changes in plant carbon allocation: assessment of below-ground C fluxes using carbon-14

Oecologia ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nathaniel Holland ◽  
Weixin Cheng ◽  
D. A. Crossley
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Induced Changes

Growth, carbon allocation and proteolytic activity in the seagrass Zostera noltii shaded by Ulva canopies

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando G. Brun ◽  
Ignacio Hernández ◽  
Juan J. Vergara ◽  
J. Lucas Pérez-Lloréns
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Light Limitation ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Zostera Noltii ◽  
Light Deprivation ◽  
Sucrose Transport ◽  
Light Reduction ◽  
Starch Breakdown ◽  
Proteolytic Activities ◽  
Below Ground

The effects of light reduction [100%, 25%, 10% and 1% mean daily-integrated photon irradiance (I0)] by Ulva rigida C. Agardh canopies on carbon balance, sugar-related enzymes and proteolytic activities of the seagrass Zostera noltii Hornem. were investigated. Shaded plants showed negative net growth and starch was mobilized in both above- and below-ground tissues. Sucrose declined in below-ground parts under severe light deprivation (10% and 1% I0), but was accumulated in above-ground parts. Mobilization of the non-structural carbohydrates (sucrose and starch) was explained by changes in activities of sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) and sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS, EC 2.4.2.24). Under severe light reduction, the capacity of above-ground tissues for sucrose formation and export declined, indicated by the lowest SPS activity. In contrast, severe light reduction increased the 'sink strength' of below-ground tissues, demonstrated by the highest SuSy activities, and diminished the capacity for sucrose resynthesis from starch breakdown, as the lowest SPS activity was observed under low light. These results suggest a cessation of sucrose transport throughout the plant under extreme light limitation, the carbon supply being dependent on the starch breakdown in each tissue. The response of Z. noltii to gradual light reduction was co-ordinated at the whole-plant level, since an enhancement of proteolytic activities induced by carbon starvation in both above- and below-ground tissues was also recorded during prolonged light deprivation. Therefore, carbon mobilization was accompanied by enhanced protein turnover and changes in metabolic pathways.

MODELING CARBON ALLOCATION BELOW GROUND

2006 ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. Eissenstat ◽  
X. Huang ◽  
A.N. Lakso
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Below Ground
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