Cervical cancer in Canada: Changing patterns in incidence and mortality

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Liu ◽  
R. Semenciw ◽  
A. Probert ◽  
Y. Mao
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astha Srivastava ◽  
Bindiya Gupta ◽  
Vikas Lakha ◽  
Shilpa Singh

Objective: To study the knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses at tertiary centre regarding cervical cancer screening. Material and Methods: Validated questionnaire was circulated amongst staff nurses at tertiary care centre after taking informed consent. Results and Discussion: Cancer of cervix is the most common genital tract malignancy in female and it is ranked second to breast cancer. It has a positive association with HPV infection. Cervical cancer incidence and mortality have declined substantially following introduction of screening programmes. This present study investigated the knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses at GTB Hospital towards cervical cancer risk factors, sign & symptoms and screening as they are important health professionals. In our study, the results showed that 99% of respondents were aware of Pap smear as screening programme and about 60-70% were aware of HPV as positive organism, but most of them never had a Pap smear done before. Majority of them did not know VIA, VILI and colposcopy as screening techniques. Conclusion: It may thus be recommended that institutions should periodically organize seminars and training for health personnel especially the nurses which form a group of professionals that should give health education to women about cervical cancer.


2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Volgareva ◽  
V. D. Ermilova ◽  
A. V. Khachaturyan ◽  
V. V. Tatarskiy ◽  
L. S. Pavlova

Introduction. High indices of prostate cancer (PC) incidence and mortality as well as high speed of growth of these figures testify to urgency of research into PC origin as well as means of its prophylaxis. The problem of possible PC association with oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPV) is still being disputable. Objective: to test whether surgical materials from PC patients in Russia harbour E7 oncogene of HPV type 16 (HPV16), the main HPV type responsible for cervical cancer. Materials and methods. Prostate tissues excised in the course of radical prostatectomy from 17 PC patients were tested by polymerase chain reaction. For better DNA preservation cryopreserved tumor specimens not treated with either formalin or paraffin were used. The PC typical multifocal type of growth was taken into account by microdissecting of cryostate cuts to accumulate homogeneous cells (cancerous, dysplastic or normal). Results. HPV16 E7 was registered in prostate tissues of 7 patients out of 17 examined including all those 5 cases for which DNA had been isolated from homogeneous sites of cancer cells. Conclusion. The result obtained enables one to admit that HPV16 may be harbored in prostates of Russian PC patients not infrequently.


2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 434-444
Author(s):  
Sahar Eftekharzadeh ◽  
Narges Ebrahimi ◽  
Mehrnoosh Samaei ◽  
Farnam Mohebi ◽  
Bahram Mohajer ◽  
...  

Background: The present study aims to assess the incidence and mortality rates of gynecological cancers and their changes from 1990 to 2016 at national and subnational levels in Iran. Methods: Annual estimates of incidence and mortality for gynecological cancers from 1990 to 2016 at national and subnational levels were generated as part of a larger project entitled National and Subnational Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (NASBOD). After the precise processing of data extracted from the Iran Cancer Registry, annual age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated for each cancer, province, year and age group during the period of the study. Results: In 2016, gynecological cancers constituted 8.0% of new cancer cases among women of all ages compared to 3.7% of new cases of cancer among women in 1990. The incidence rate of gynecological cancers has increased from 2.5 (0.9-5.6) per 100000 women in 1990 to 12.3 (9.3–15.7) per 100000 women in 2016, and the most common gynecological cancer has changed from cervical cancer in 1990 to corpus uteri cancer in 2016. Age-standardized incidence rates of ovarian, corpus uteri and vulvovaginal cancers increased from 1.3 (0.5–2.4), 1.7 (0.6–3.0), and 0.3 (0.0–0.7) in 1990 to 4.4 (3.6–5.2), 9.9 (6.8–13.4), and 0.6 (0.2–1.0) in 2016, respectively, showing a 3.3, 5.8 and 1.7-fold increase during this period. Age-standardized incidence rate of cervical cancer was 2.4 (1.7–3.3) cases per 100000 women in 2016 and did not differ significantly from the beginning of the study. An overall reduction was seen in national mortality to incidence ratios (MIR) from 2000 to 2015. Conclusion: The incidence rates of all gynecological cancers in different provinces have shown a converging trend that could indicate that attempts toward health equality have been effective. The declining trend of MIR could be interpreted as advancements in detection of cancer in its early stages and also improvements in treatments, in turn reflecting improvements in access to and quality of care.


Author(s):  
Maria Luisa Fais ◽  
Giorgio Candotti ◽  
Giulia Carboni ◽  
Speranza Luisa Anedda ◽  
Valerio Mais ◽  
...  

Recent advances in screening and early diagnosis have decreased cervical cancer incidence and mortality rate in high-resource settings. The postponement of childbearing and the young age of women at diagnosis produced new challenges in the management of this disease. In recent years, attention has been directed to assessing more conservative procedures that can reduce treatment-related morbidity, without compromising oncologic safety and reproductive potential. Fertility sparing surgery (FSS) procedures, including cervical conization, simple or radical trachelectomy with pelvic nodes dissection or sentinel lymph node assessment, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by conization, have shown encouraging results. In this chapter, the authors discuss the role of conservative surgery in the management of early-stage cervical cancer focusing on obstetrical and oncological outcomes.


Trials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa P. Spees ◽  
Andrea C. Des Marais ◽  
Stephanie B. Wheeler ◽  
Michael G. Hudgens ◽  
Sarah Doughty ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Screening substantially reduces cervical cancer incidence and mortality. More than half of invasive cervical cancers are attributable to infrequent screening or not screening at all. The current study, My Body My Test (MBMT), evaluates the impact of mailed kits for self-collection of samples for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing on completion of cervical cancer screening in low-income, North Carolina women overdue for cervical cancer screening. Methods/design The study will enroll at least 510 US women aged 25–64 years who report no Pap test in the last 4 years and no HPV test in the last 6 years. We will randomize participants to an intervention or control arm. The intervention arm will receive kits to self-collect a sample at home and mail it for HPV testing. In both the intervention and control arms, participants will receive assistance in scheduling an appointment for screening in clinic. Study staff will deliver HPV self-collection results by phone and assist in scheduling participants for screening in clinic. The primary outcome is completion of cervical cancer screening. Specifically, completion of screening will be defined as screening in clinic or receipt of negative HPV self-collection results. Women with HPV-negative self-collection results will be considered screening-complete. All other participants will be considered screening-complete if they obtain co-testing or Pap test screening at a study-affiliated institution or other clinic. We will assess whether the self-collection intervention influences participants’ perceived risk of cervical cancer and whether perceived risk mediates the relationship between HPV self-collection results and subsequent screening in clinic. We also will estimate the incremental cost per woman screened of offering at-home HPV self-collection kits with scheduling assistance as compared to offering scheduling assistance alone. Discussion If mailed self-collection of samples for HPV testing is an effective strategy for increasing cervical cancer screening among women overdue for screening, this method has the potential to reduce cervical cancer incidence and mortality in medically underserved women at higher risk of developing cervical cancer. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02651883, Registered on 11 January 2016.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e26
Author(s):  
Cristina Teixeira ◽  
Ana Afonso ◽  
Luciana Rodrigues ◽  
Muriela Madureira ◽  
António Nogueira

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Barchuk ◽  
Alexander Bespalov ◽  
Heini Huhtala ◽  
Tuvshinjargal Chimed ◽  
Irina Laricheva ◽  
...  

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