Online fractional open‐circuit voltage maximum output power algorithm for photovoltaic modules

A novel thermoelectric micro-device was designed with n-type and p-type Bi-Te materials alloys via a template electrodeposition process. The glass template including 250 holes in 10×10 mm2with a thickness of 200~ 400 µm. The diameter of the holes is 50~ 80 µm and the distance of adjacent centers of the holes is 200 µm. According to the design, the performance of heat transference and thermoelectric energy generation are simulated by COMSOL Multiphysics. In order to simplify model, there are 16 units in total, and each unit is made up of 16 (4 × 4) pillars. In the simulation, the largest temperature difference is 7.8K on the conditions of 500 W/m2K in convection heat transfer coefficients and the maximum output potential of the module is 21.7 mV. The maximum output power achieved 96.9 µW under 500 W/m2K of heat transfer coefficient and 10 mA of current. Under ideal conditions, the value of open circuit voltage and maximum output power increases to nine times as the model, but short circuit current remains the same. When the heat transfer coefficient is 500 W/m2K and the current density is 10 mA, the maximum output power of the actual product achieved 871.7 µW.

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Output Characteristics Study of V-trough PV Concentration System

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.2077 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 71-78 ◽

pp. 2077-2080 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cui Qiong Yan

Keyword(s):

Output Power ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Maximum Output Power ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Maximum Output ◽

Water Cooling ◽

Cell Array ◽

Pv System ◽

Current Output ◽

Super Cell

A V-trough PV system with polysilicon cell array and super cell array has been constructed and tested. Open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, output power, fill factor and influence of temperature on V-trough PV concentration system have been analyzed. The results indicate that the output power of 10 pieces of polysilicon cell array is 6.198W and it is 1.21 times as that of non-concentration condition. Maximum output power of V-trough PV system with water cooling increase to 8.28W and power increment rate reach 62.67% compared with the non-concentration PV system. For the super cell array with no water cooling, the maximum output power of V-trough PV system varies from 7.834W to 14.223W. The results of this work provide some experimental support to the applications of the V-trough PV system.

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Concentrating System’s Design and Performance Analysis for Spacial Solar Array

Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University ◽

10.1051/jnwpu/20183630471 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 471-479

Author(s):

Limin Shao ◽

Shuli Yang

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Solar Cell ◽

Output Power ◽

Open Circuit Voltage ◽

Operating Temperature ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Short Circuit Current ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Solar Array ◽

Maximum Output

A large area of sunlight onto solar cells is gathered by concentrating system for spacial concentrating solar array, which reduces the amount of solar cells by increasing light intensity onto the solar cells of the unit area. Under concentrating conditions, the short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, fill factor, efficiency, operating temperature and strong thermal-electrical coupling characteristics of concentrating solar cells are different from the conventional solar cells because of the high intensity and high operating temperature. The concentrating module design, solar cell selection, and design of solar cell heat-dissipation have been carried out. The thermal-electric coupling model of special concentrating photovoltaic system has been established. The relationships among concentrated ratio, substrate-thickness, thermal conductivity of substrate-material and solar cell’s temperature, density of short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, maximum output power have been analyzed, which provide a view to a reasonabl0e match and selection of multi-parameters in engineering design. Results show that the concentrated ratio has an overall effect on the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, efficiency and operating temperature of the solar cell. There is a strong coupling relationship among the parameters, and the positive and negative impacts caused by the concentrating characteristics should be weighed in the engineering design. The short-circuit current density of concentrating solar cells is proportional to the concentrated ratio. Under the lower concentrated ratio circumstance, fill factor and efficiency is not substantially affected by the concentrated ratio. The maximum output power and open-circuit voltage increase with the increase of concentrated ratio. Temperature of concentrating solar cells has an adverse effect on the open-circuit voltage, efficiency and output power, which needs high efficient radiator measures to be taken. The operating temperature of solar cells could be decreased significantly by the high thermal conductivity of the substrate-material. The concentrated ratio between 9~15 is recommended for spacial solar array, which not only embodies the advantage of concentrator like improving the cell-efficiency and decreasing the cost, but also doesn’t exact the deploying precision of concentrating system.

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Fabrication and Characterization of Pb1-xYbxSe0.2Te0.8 Based Alloy Thin Films Thermoelectric Generators Grown Using Thermal Evaporation Method

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.756.259 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 756 ◽

pp. 259-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Arshad Hmood ◽

Arej Kadhim ◽

Abu Hassan Haslan

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Open Circuit Voltage ◽

Maximum Output Power ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Maximum Output ◽

Thermoelectric Generators ◽

Thermal Evaporation Method ◽

Glass Substrates ◽

In Series

In the current work p-Pb0.925Yb0.075Te:Te and n-Pb0.925Yb0.075Se0.2Te0.8 powders synthesized by solid-state microwave route were used to fabricating thermally evaporated thin films. The micro-thermoelectric devices were composedof 20-pairs and 10-pairs p-Pb0.925Yb0.075Te:Te and n-Pb0.925Yb0.075Se0.2Te0.8 thin films on glass substrates. Overall size of the thin films thermoelectric generators which consist of 20-pairs and 10-pairs of legs connected by aluminumelectrodes were 23 mm×20 mm and 12 mm×10 mm, respectively. The 20-pairs p–n thermocouples in series device generated output maximum open-circuit voltage of 275.3 mV and a maximum output power up to 54.4 nW at temperature difference ∆T= 162 K, and 109.4 mV and 16.7 nW at ∆T=162 K, for 10-pairs, respectively.

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Fabrication and Optoelectrical Properties of IZO/Cu2OHeterostructure Solar Cells by Thermal Oxidation

Advances in Condensed Matter Physics ◽

10.1155/2012/129139 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Cheng-Chiang Chen ◽

Lung-Chien Chen ◽

Yi-Hsuan Lee

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Fill Factor ◽

Open Circuit Voltage ◽

Low Cost ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Maximum Output Power ◽

Short Circuit Current ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Maximum Output ◽

Indium Zinc Oxide

Indium zinc oxide (IZO)/cupper oxide (Cu2O) is a nontoxic nature and an attractive all-oxide candidate for low-cost photovoltaic (PV) applications. The present paper reports on the fabrication of IZO/Cu2O heterostructure solar cells which the Cu2O layers were prepared by oxidation of Cu thin films deposited on glass substrate. The measured parameters of cells were the short-circuit current (Isc), the open-circuit voltage (Voc), the maximum output power (Pm), the fill factor (FF), and the efficiency (η), which had values of 0.11 mA, 0.136 V, 5.05 μW, 0.338, and 0.56%, respectively, under AM 1.5 illumination.

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A Systematic Method of Interconnection Optimization for Dense-Array Concentrator Photovoltaic System

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2013/275169 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Fei-Lu Siaw ◽

Kok-Keong Chong

Keyword(s):

Output Power ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Maximum Output Power ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Photovoltaic System ◽

Distribution Data ◽

Maximum Output ◽

Dense Array ◽

Array Configuration ◽

Power Point

This paper presents a new systematic approach to analyze all possible array configurations in order to determine the most optimal dense-array configuration for concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) systems. The proposed method is fast, simple, reasonably accurate, and very useful as a preliminary study before constructing a dense-array CPV panel. Using measured flux distribution data, each CPV cells’ voltage and current values at three critical points which are at short-circuit, open-circuit, and maximum power point are determined. From there, an algorithm groups the cells into basic modules. The next step isI-Vcurve prediction, to find the maximum output power of each array configuration. As a case study, twenty differentI-Vpredictions are made for a prototype of nonimaging planar concentrator, and the array configuration that yields the highest output power is determined. The result is then verified by assembling and testing of an actual dense-array on the prototype. It was found that theI-Vcurve closely resembles simulatedI-Vprediction, and measured maximum output power varies by only 1.34%.

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One-Step Preparation of Biochar Electrodes and Their Applications in Sediment Microbial Electrochemical Systems

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal11040508 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 508

Author(s):

Kui You ◽

Zihan Zhou ◽

Chao Gao ◽

Qiao Yang

Keyword(s):

Output Power ◽

Electrode Materials ◽

Maximum Output Power ◽

Composite Cathode ◽

Maximum Output ◽

Electrochemical Systems ◽

Composite Cathodes ◽

One Step ◽

Microbial Electrochemical Systems ◽

Hot Melt

Biochar is a kind of carbon-rich material formed by pyrolysis of biomass at high temperature in the absence or limitation of oxygen. It has abundant pore structure and a large surface area, which could be considered the beneficial characteristics for electrodes of microbial electrochemical systems. In this study, reed was used as the raw material of biochar and six biochar-based electrode materials were obtained by three methods, including one-step biochar cathodes (BC 800 and BC 700), biochar/polyethylene composite cathodes (BP 5:5 and BP 6:4), and biochar/polyaniline/hot-melt adhesive composite cathode (BPP 5:1:4 and BPP 4:1:5). The basic physical properties and electrochemical properties of the self-made biochar electrode materials were characterized. Selected biochar-based electrode materials were used as the cathode of sediment microbial electrochemical reactors. The reactor with pure biochar electrode (BC 800) achieves a maximum output power density of 9.15 ± 0.02 mW/m2, which increases the output power by nearly 80% compared with carbon felt. When using a biochar/polyaniline/hot-melt adhesive (BPP 5:1:4) composite cathode, the output power was increased by 2.33 times. Under the premise of ensuring the molding of the material, the higher the content of biochar, the better the electrochemical performance of the electrodes. The treatment of reed powder before pyrolysis is an important factor for the molding of biochar. The one-step molding biochar cathode had satisfactory performance in sediment microbial electrochemical systems. By exploring the biochar-based electrode, waste biomass could be reused, which is beneficial for the environment.

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An Optimized Flutter-Driven Triboelectric Nanogenerator with a Low Cut-In Wind Speed

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi12040366 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 366

Author(s):

Yang Xia ◽

Yun Tian ◽

Lanbin Zhang ◽

Zhihao Ma ◽

Huliang Dai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Power Generation ◽

Wind Speed ◽

Energy Harvesting ◽

Wind Energy ◽

Output Power ◽

Open Circuit Voltage ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽

Vibration Behavior ◽

Air Speed

We present an optimized flutter-driven triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) for wind energy harvesting. The vibration and power generation characteristics of this TENG are investigated in detail, and a low cut-in wind speed of 3.4 m/s is achieved. It is found that the air speed, the thickness and length of the membrane, and the distance between the electrode plates mainly determine the PTFE membrane’s vibration behavior and the performance of TENG. With the optimized value of the thickness and length of the membrane and the distance of the electrode plates, the peak open-circuit voltage and output power of TENG reach 297 V and 0.46 mW at a wind speed of 10 m/s. The energy generated by TENG can directly light up dozens of LEDs and keep a digital watch running continuously by charging a capacitor of 100 μF at a wind speed of 8 m/s.

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