Changes in blood chemistry values of the cattle with associative course of leukemia and brucellosis

This paper describes the results obtained when the characteristics of metabolic process changes in leukemia, including brucellosis-complicated leukemia, were studied. To do it, 50 blood serum samples were taken from cows with specific antibodies against bovine leukemia virus (BLV) under the results of immunological diffusion reactions (IDR), indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All samples were serologically tested to detect a number of bacterial infections resulted in a possibility to establish that the BLV carrier state in most animals is combined with a bacterial infection, especially brucellosis (46%), chlamydia (20%), paratuberculosis (12%) and campylobacteriosis (8 %). At the next stage, 3 groups of 10 animals each were formed to study the metabolic process level, i.e. clinical healthy animals with no specific antibodies revealed during diagnostic tests for leukemia and other infections (Group 1); BLV carriers (Group 2); brucellosisand virus carrier animals (Group 3). Analysis of the blood chemistry values obtained for the experimental groups showed an uneven path of changes, especially for the protein and fat metabolism parameters. The difference was in albumin and cholesterol concentrations reduced in BLV infected animals, while their level was significantly increased in animals with leukemia associated with brucellosis, on the contrary.

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PEDV Infection Generates Conformation-Specific Antibodies That Can Be Effectively Detected by a Cell-Based ELISA

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13020303 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 303

Author(s):

Wei-Ting Hsu ◽

Chia-Yu Chang ◽

Chih-Hsuan Tsai ◽

Sung-Chan Wei ◽

Huei-Ru Lo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Recombinant Baculovirus ◽

Immunocytochemical Staining ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Perfect Agreement ◽

Specific Antibodies ◽

Diarrhea Virus ◽

Serological Studies ◽

A Cell ◽

Infected Insect

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a coronavirus that causes serious and highly contagious enteric disease in swine worldwide. In this study, we constructed a recombinant baculovirus (S-Bac) expressing full-length spike protein of the virulent epidemic genotype 2b (G2b) PEDV strain for serological studies of infected pigs. We found that most spike-specific antibodies produced upon PEDV infection in pigs are conformation-specific and they could be detected on S-Bac-infected insect cells by immunofluorescent assay, but they were insensitive to Western blot analysis, the typical method for antiserum analysis. These results indicated that spike conformation is crucial for serum recognition. Since it is difficult to purify trimeric spike membrane protein for conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we used S-Bac to generate a novel cell-based ELISA for convenient PEDV detection. We analyzed 100 pig serum samples, and our cell-based ELISA exhibited a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 97%, and almost perfect agreement [Cohen’s kappa coefficient value (κ) = 0.98] with immunocytochemical staining results. Our cell-based ELISA rapidly presented antigen for proper detection of conformation-specific antibodies, making PEDV detection more convenient, and it will be useful for detecting many viral diseases in the future.

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Standardization of dot-ELISA for the serological diagnosis of toxocariasis and comparision of the assay with ELISA

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46651992000100010 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 55-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Eide Dias Camargo ◽

Paulo Mutuko Nakamura ◽

Adelaide José Vaz ◽

Marcos Vinícius da Silva ◽

Pedro Paulo Chieffi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Toxocara Canis ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Specific Antibodies ◽

Normal Individuals ◽

Before And After ◽

Dot Elisa ◽

Stability Time

The dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-ELISA) was standardized using somatic (S) and excretory-secretory (ES) antigens of Toxocara-canis for the detection of specific antibodies in 22 serum samples from children aged 1 to 15 years, with clinical signs of toxocariasis. Fourteen serum samples from apparently normal individuals and 28 sera from patients with other pathologies were used as controls. All samples were used before and after absorption with Ascaris suum extract. When the results were evaluated in comparison with ELISA, the two tests were found to have similar sensitivity, but dot-ELISA was found to be more specific in the presence of the two antigens studied. Dot-ELISA proved to be effective for the diagnosis of human toxocariasis, presenting advantages in terms of yield, stability, time and ease of execution and low cost.

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Correlation between salivary cortisol levels and dental anxiety in children of smokers and nonsmokers

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/ejd.ejd_171_16 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (02) ◽

pp. 192-195

Author(s):

S. Pavani Reddy ◽

M. Ghanashyam Prasad ◽

A. Naga RadhaKrishna ◽

Kaniti Saujanya ◽

N. V. K. Raviteja ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salivary Cortisol ◽

Dental Anxiety ◽

Smoking Habit ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Assay Method ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Study Population ◽

Cortisol Levels ◽

The Difference ◽

Group 2

ABSTRACT Objectives: The present study was undertaken to evaluate salivary cortisol levels in children of smokers and nonsmokers and thereby establishing the relationship between cortisol levels in response to anxiety in children based on their father's habit of smoking. Materials and Methods: The study population aged between 8 and 10 years includes two groups. Group 1 is comprised 20 children of cigarette smokers and Group 2 is comprised 20 children of nonsmokers. The passive drooling technique was used to collect unstimulated saliva from the children using a sterile container. Salivary cortisol levels were evaluated using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay method. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS software and paired t-test. Results: Higher mean salivary cortisol levels were found in children of smokers compared to children of nonsmokers and the difference between them was significant statistically (P < 0.05). Higher salivary cortisol levels were found in females compared to males and the result was significant statistically (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study has proved that the smoking habit of the father has a negative influence on the anxiety levels of their children.

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DETECTION OF SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES TO THE NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN FRAGMENTS OF SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME-CORONAVIRUS AND SCOTOPHILUS BAT CORONAVIRUS-512 IN THREE INSECTIVOROUS BAT SPECIES

Taiwan Veterinary Journal ◽

10.1142/s1682648518500063 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 (04) ◽

pp. 179-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yi-Ning Chen ◽

Bo-Gang Su ◽

Hung-Chang Chen ◽

Cheng-Han Chou ◽

Hsi-Chi Cheng

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Nucleocapsid Protein ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Protein Fragments ◽

Specific Antibodies ◽

History Of ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Carboxyl Terminal ◽

Bat Coronavirus

Bats are the natural reservoirs of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Six Alphacoronavirus and five Betacoronavirus have been detected in many bat species, including SARS-related CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-related CoV. In Taiwan, SARS-related CoV, belonging to Betacoronavirus, has been detected in Rhinolophus monoceros. Scotophilus bat CoV-512, belonging to Alphacoronavirus, has been detected in Scotophilus kuhlii, Miniopterus fuliginosus, and Rhinolophus monoceros by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). To understand the infection history of CoV in these three insectivorous bat populations, CoV-specific antibodies were surveyed by using western blot (WB) analysis and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The carboxyl terminal fragment of nucleocapsid protein (N3) of SARS-CoV and Scotophilus bat CoV-512 were used as the antigen in the assays. Of the 52 serum samples obtained from Scotophilus kuhlii, 29 samples (56%) were tested positive for Scotophilus bat CoV-512-specific antibodies through ELISA. Of the 63 serum samples obtained from Rhinolophus monoceros, 9 samples were tested positive for only SARS-CoV-specific antibodies, 7 samples were tested positive for only Scotophilus bat CoV-512-specific antibodies, and 16 samples (25.4%) were tested positive for both antibodies through WB analysis. Only 1 of 18 Miniopterus bat serum samples tested positive for Scotophilus bat CoV-512-specific antibodies through ELISA. Lactating female bats had higher positive rates of CoV-specific antibodies than non-lactating female and male bats did. Our findings were crucial for understanding CoV infection history in three insectivorous bat species and important for the control of bat-borne zoonosis diseases.

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Enzootic bovine Leukosis: development of an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (I-Elisa) in seroepidemiological studies

Revista de Microbiologia ◽

10.1590/s0001-37141999000100007 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 37-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ester Teresa González ◽

Estela Beatriz Bonzo ◽

María Gabriela Echeverría ◽

María Licursi ◽

María Elisa Etcheverrigaray

Keyword(s):

Core Protein ◽

Leukemia Virus ◽

Test Procedure ◽

Immunological Response ◽

Negative Control ◽

Etiologic Agent ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Enzootic Bovine Leukosis ◽

Bovine Leukosis

Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) is the etiologic agent of Enzootic Bovine Leukosis, a retrovirus exogenous to the bovine species. Once infected, there is no detectable viraemia but instead there is a strong and persistent immunological response to BLV structural proteins, essentially the gp51 envelope glycoprotein and the mayor core protein p24. We describe the test procedure of an indirect ELISA (I-ELISA) using polyclonal reagents for the detection of antibodies to BLV. For comparison, the sera were simultaneously tested by agar gel immunodiffussion (AGID) test, which is currently used as diagnostic standard for BLV infection. The antigen applied does not require a high degree of purification and the data from the analysis of the negative sera showed that the establishment of a cut-off level corresponding to 3 times the standard deviation (SD) above the mean for the negative control set of sera provided acceptable specificity, reducing the risk of false positives results. A comparison of the results obtained by AGID test and I-ELISA showed that considering a total of 465 serum samples, all of the 234 samples (50%) that were positive by AGID were positive to the I-ELISA. Of 225 serum samples which yielded negative results in the AGID test, 69 (15%) were found to be positive by the I-ELISA and 156 (33%) were negative by both techniques. Few sera (2%) that were non-specific by AGID were defined as negative or positive by I-ELISA.

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Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of specific antibodies against an H7N7 and an H3N8 equine influenza virus

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400065189 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 93 (3) ◽

pp. 609-620 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. S. Denyer ◽

J. R. Crowther ◽

R. C. Wardley ◽

R. Burrows

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Allantoic Fluid ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Equine Influenza Virus ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Specific Antibodies ◽

Equine Influenza

SummaryThis paper describes a solid-phase microtitre plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies to equine influenza viruses. Using egg-grown influenza viruses as the antigens attached to the solid phase, crossreactions were observed between an H7N7 equine virus (designated A1) and an H3N8 equine influenza virus (designated A2) when untreated antisera were tested. Absorption of antisera with egg-grown A/Porcine/Shope/1/33 influenza virus eliminated cross-reactive antibodies so that specific detection of anti-equine influenza A1 or A2 antibodies was possible.Examination of horse sera following vaccination with A1 and/or A2 isolates showed that antibodies were produced against antigen associated with egg allantoic fluid as well as against virus. Such antibodies were eliminated following the absorption of antisera with porcine influenza virus. Results using sera from horses with known vaccination histories confirmed that the ELISA preferentially detected antibodies homologous to the antigen attached to the solid phase and methods to evaluate the current serological state of individual horses by relating the titres of specific antibodies against equine influenza A1 and A2 isolates are shown. This ELISA provides a simple and rapid method of assessing specific antibodies from horse sera and offers advantages over the ‘routine’ HI and SRH assessments since it gives high precision, is economical of reagents and has the capacity to handle large numbers of serum samples.

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Detection of Specific Antibodies to an Antigenic Mannoprotein for Diagnosis of Penicillium marneffeiPenicilliosis

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.36.10.3028-3031.1998 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 36 (10) ◽

pp. 3028-3031 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Liang Cao ◽

Da-Liang Chen ◽

Cindy Lee ◽

Che-Man Chan ◽

King-Man Chan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Specific Antibody ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Antibody Test ◽

High Specificity ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Specific Antibodies ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Positive Results

The disseminated and progressive fungal disease Penicillium marneffei penicilliosis is one of the most common infectious diseases in AIDS patients in Southeast Asia. To diagnose systemic penicilliosis, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based antibody test with Mp1p, a purified recombinant antigenic mannoprotein of P. marneffei. Evaluation of the test with guinea pig sera against P. marneffei and other pathogenic fungi indicated that this assay was specific for P. marneffei. Clinical evaluation revealed that high levels of specific antibody were detected in two immunocompetent penicilliosis patients. Furthermore, approximately 80% (14 of 17) of the documented penicilliosis patients with human immunodeficiency virus tested positive for the specific antibody. No false-positive results were found for serum samples from 90 healthy blood donors, 20 patients with typhoid fever, and 55 patients with tuberculosis, indicating a high specificity of the test. Thus, this ELISA-based test for the detection of anti-Mp1p antibody can be of significant value as a diagnostic for penicilliosis.

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Evaluation and Application of an Indirect ELISA for the Detection of Antibodies to Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Milk, Bulk Milk, and Serum

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/104063879500700202 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 177-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

M. Elvander ◽

S. Edwards ◽

IS. Näslund ◽

N. Linde

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Samples ◽

National Veterinary Institute ◽

Bulk Milk ◽

History Of ◽

The Difference ◽

Syncytial Virus

An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed at the National Veterinary Institute (NVI), Uppsala, to detect antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) in serum and milk. For the evaluation of the NVI ELISA, field sera collected from cattle in England and Sweden were tested in parallel with an ELISA in use at the Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL), Weybridge. The tests showed 96% agreement. The sensitivity and specificity of the NVI ELISA relative to the CVL ELISA were 94% and 100%, respectively. There was evidence that the difference in sensitivity between the 2 tests was due to the detection of both IgG and IgM class antibodies by the CVL ELISA, whereas the NVI ELISA was designed specifically to detect IgGl. Milk and serum samples from individual cows were tested by the NVI ELISA for presence of antibodies to BRSV. There was a good correlation between the ability to detect antibodies in serum and the ability to detect them in milk, although the antibody titer was generally lower in milk than in serum. Bulk milk samples were collected from farms with severe clinical symptoms of respiratory distress and from farms with no history of respiratory disease. There was a clear distinction between antibody levels in diseased and healthy herds. The NVI ELISA is a rapid and reliable test for detecting antibodies to BRSV in milk, bulk milk, and serum samples.

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Dot immunogold filtration assay (DIGFA) for the rapid detection of specific antibodies against the rat lungwormAngiostrongylus cantonensis(Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) using purified 31-kDa antigen

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x13000321 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 88 (4) ◽

pp. 396-401 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

P. Eamsobhana ◽

X.X. Gan ◽

A. Ma ◽

Y. Wang ◽

D. Wanachiwanawin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Protein A ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Human Infection ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Parasitic Diseases ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Specific Antibodies ◽

North East ◽

Gold Conjugate

AbstractA rapid dot immunogold filtration assay (DIGFA) was adopted for specific immunodiagnosis of human cerebral angiostrongyliasis, using purified 31-kDa glycoprotein specific toAngiostrongylus cantonensisas diagnostic antigen and protein A colloidal gold conjugate as antigen–antibody detector. A total of 59 serum samples were assayed – 11 samples from clinically diagnosed patients with detectableA. cantonensis-specific antibody in immunoblotting; 23 samples from patients with other related parasitic diseases, i.e. gnathostomiasis (n= 8), cysticercosis (n= 5), toxocariasis (n= 2), filariasis (n= 4), paragonimiasis (n= 2) and malaria (n= 2); and 25 samples from normal healthy subjects. The sensitivity and specificity of DIGFA to detect anti-A. cantonensisspecific antibodies in serologically confirmed angiostrongyliasis cases, were both 100%. No positive DIGFA was observed in cases with other parasitic diseases, and the healthy control subjects. The 3-min DIGFA is as sensitive and specific as the 3-h immunoblot test in angiostrongyliasis confirmed cases that revealed a 31-kDa reactive band. The gold-based DIGFA is more rapid and easier to perform than the traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The test utilizing purifiedA.cantonensisantigen is reliable and reproducible for specific immunodiagnosis of human infection withA. cantonensis– thus can be applied as an additional routine test for clinical diagnostic support. Large-scale sero-epidemiological studies in endemic communities in north-east Thailand are under way to evaluate its usefulness under field conditions.

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