scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THE MINERAL NUTRITION LEVEL ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF CEREAL AND LEGUMINOUS AGROCENOSES IN THE FOREST STEPPE OF BAIKAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Виктор Агафонов ◽  
Viktor Agafonov ◽  
Евгений Бояркин ◽  
Evgeniy Boyarkin
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Green Mass Yield ◽  
The Impact

The article presents findings of the influence of different levels of mineral nutrition on plant growth and development, the impact of fertilizers on the botanical composition, on the productivity and forage benefits of cereal-bean agrocenoses in the forest-steppe zone of the Baikal region. The objects of research were mixed crops of oats with peas and millet with vetch, peas, and Austrian winter pea. Legumes are the main source of protein increase in feed. In the field, the most widespread, among legumes, were vetch, sowing peas, field peas (Austrian winter pea). As a result of phenological observations, it was found that the growth and development of plants depended on the biological characteristics of crops, weather conditions and directly on the mineral nutrition level. The millet reacted most effectively to the application of mineral fertilizers, starting from the exit phase into the tube. The introduction of mineral fertilizers in pre-sowing tillage contributed to an increase in the proportion of legume components in the total green mass yield and a decrease in cereals. The highest competition in agrocenoses of millet with legume components was vetch, its share in the mixture increased, compared to the unfertilized background, by 6 and 14.5%, depending on the background of fertilizers. It was found that, compared with the unfertilized background, mineral fertilizers increased the yield of green mass from 1.5 to 4.9 tons per hectare, the collection of dry matter from 0.4 to 2.0 tons per hectare and the collection of feed units from 0.3 to 1.3 tons per hectare. Digestible protein content in 1 unit increased with the introduction of nitrogen fertilizer (N45), depending on the type of components in the mixture, from 3.2 to 6.6 g, and with the introduction of complex mineral fertilizer (N45P30K30) from 2.5 to 9.6 g. All are millet-bean mixtures at all levels of mineral nutrition comply with zootechnical standards.

scholarly journals ECONOMY OF OBTAINING PLANNED SPRING WHEAT YIELDS ON AROUND CHERNOZEM DUE TO MINERAL FERTILIZER

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Diana Eremina ◽  
Oksana Demina
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The Urals ◽  
3.0 T

In modern conditions of agricultural intensification, the use of a scientifically based fertilizer system becomes extremely necessary. It is she who will allow you to get economically viable crop yields. Studies to obtain the planned yield with the introduction of increasing doses of mineral fertilizers were carried out in 2018-2020 in the forest-steppe zone of the Urals. The soil is old leached chernozem. Experiment scheme: control (without fertilization); application of mineral fertilizers to the planned yield: by 3.0 t/ha of grain N40 P75; 4.0 t/ha - N95P110; 5.0 t/ha - N150P200 and 6.0 t/ha - N185P160 kg of active ingredient. On average, over the years of research, the planned yield of spring wheat was achieved. The cost of growing spring wheat without mineral fertilizers amounted to 16850 rubles/ha. The introduction of mineral fertilizers for the planned harvests increases costs up to 34200 rubles/ha. Such high costs are explained by the use of phosphate fertilizers, whose price is twice as high as ammonium nitrate. In the structure of costs for obtaining a yield of 3.0 t/ha of grain, the share of mineral fertilizers accounts for 17 %. A further increase in the level of mineral nutrition through fertilizers increases the share of fertilizer costs up to 45 %. The profit from the sale of grain on the option with NPK of 6.0 t/ha of grain reached 27400 with a profitability of 80 %. On the control, the corresponding indicators were 5150 rubles/ha and 31 %. The optimal and economically justified is the level of mineral nutrition, providing 4.0 t/ha of spring wheat grain. A further increase in the agricultural background is associated with a risk due to the peculiarities of weather conditions in the forest-steppe zone of the Urals

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY OF MEDIC BINAR GRASS MIXTURE IN RELATION TO MINERAL NUTRITION

2019 ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
V. Iu. Listkov ◽  
A. F. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Positive Tendency ◽  
Nutrient Value ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
The Impact

The research explores the relation between productivity of binary grass mixture and mineral nutrition. The hypothesis assumes that nutrient value of the same forage depends on mineral nutrition of forage grasses. According to purpose of research, the authors specified the task which is seen to analyze the impact of mineral fertilizers on productivity and nutrition of forage mass of binary grass mixture sown under the cover. The object of the research is a binary grass mixture based on alfalfa (Medicago + sainfoin). Sowing was carried out under the barley and Sinapis cover on two mineral backgrounds: control (without fertilizers) and fertilized. Fertilizers were applied the day before sowing. Crop yield and the quality of harvested mass were assessed in the appropriate period which was the stage of Medicago budding. Two-year industrial and economic experiment highlighted necessity and efficiency of sowing Medicago binar grass mixtures under Sinapis cover with 25% lower sowing rate and apply mineral fertilizers dosed as N23P60K60 in the forest-steppe of Novosibirsk region. This application contributed to the highest output of metabolic energy in dry matter (37 GJ/ha). The authors observed a positive tendency on harvesting from 1 ha of fodder units (2.14 tons), digestible protein (0.35 tons), as well as the yield of dry (3.58 tons) and green mass (13.7 tons). In this variant the authors observed the highest output of metabolic energy in dry matter (37 GJ/ha). There was a positive tendency to harvest fodder units (2.14 tons), digestible protein (0.35 tons) pro 1 ha and get dry (3.58 tons) and green mass (13.7 tons).

scholarly journals The influence of mineral fertilizers on the mass of plant-root residues of grain crops on chernozem soils of the Western Siberia

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 03007
Author(s):  
D.V. Eremina
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Chernozem Soils

The influence of various levels of mineral nutrition on the accumulation of plant-root residues of spring wheat and oats in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia is studied. The natural agricultural background of leached chernozem was taken as a control. The research was carried out at the station of the Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of the State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals. In the experiment, various doses of mineral fertilizers were used, ensuring the yield of grain crops from 3.0 to 6.0 t/ha. It was found that the mass of plant-root residues of spring wheat and oats has no significant differences and depends on the level of mineral nutrition. On the natural agricultural background, the mass of plant-root residues is 3.24-3.88 t/ha. Fertilization increases the yield of grain crops to 6.0 t/ha, and also increases the amount of plant-root residues: spring wheat - 4.47; oats – 6.04 t/ha. Increasing the doses of mineral fertilizers reduces the ratio of yield to the mass of plant-root residues from 1:1.6 to 1:1.10 units. It was found that almost half of the root system of spring wheat and oats is located in a layer of 0-10 cm, while the share of roots in a layer of 30-40 cm accounts for no more than 16% of the mass.

scholarly journals Formation of corn grain quality in different directions of use depending on the technology of growing in the Forest-steppe

1970 ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
V. F. Kaminskyi ◽  
N. M. Asanishvili
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products ◽  
Corn Grain

Purpose. The aim of the research conducted during 2016-2019 was to determine the impact of technological methods on the indicators of corn grain quality to optimize the elements of growing technology depending on the directions of use in conditions of the Forest-Steppe natural zone of Ukraine. Methods – field, quantitative and weight, chemical, comparative and calculation, mathematical and statistical. Results. On the results of the research, dependences of formation of quality of grain on the content of protein, starch, fat in it and correlation dependencies between these indicators and yield of corn have been revealed. The best quality of grain of a forage and food direction is formed when applying high doses of mineral fertilizers, and for processing on bioethanol the optimal content of starch and protein is guaranteed at optimum and raised level of fertilizing. It was established that the content of protein, starch and fat had less effect on their yield from 1 hectare than the general yield level. The technologies of cultivation of different intensity as to their possible application for the production of grain of different directions of use with the given quality parameters, the yield of protein, starch, fat and bioethanol have been evaluated. Conclusions. The technology of corn growing with complex application of intensification elements in conditions of the Forest-Steppe zone, which includes introduction of N240P120K240 on the background of by-products of its predecessor, application of the soil and insurance herbicide, plant growth and micro-fertilizers is suitable for fodder and food purposes and ensured the yield of 12.1 t/ha of grain with protein content and yield – 10.56% and 1.28 t/ha, fat – 4.29% and 0.52 t/ha, starch – 71.27% and 8.62 t/ha. For processing on bioethanol effective is the technology of corn growing with the introduction of N180P120K180, by-products of the predecessor, soil herbicide and bio-stimulants, which provided a yield of 9.76 t/ha of grain with a starch content of 72.26% for the yield of 7.05 t/ha and yield of bioethanol at the level of 3982 l/ha.

scholarly journals The formation of the crop, sowing qualities and yield properties of spring soft wheat seeds under the influence of mineral fertilizers in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Lidiya Vasilievna Karpova ◽  
Anna Vasilievna Strogonova ◽  
Phedor Petrovich Chetverikov
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Complex Liquid ◽  
Wheat Seeds

The article presents the results of studies on the formation of the crop, sowing qualities, yield properties and biochemical composition of seeds of spring soft wheat (Tulaykovskaya Nadezhda variety) under the influence of complex liquid fertilizers with microelements in chelate form in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga. The application of mineral fertilizer Megamix increased the number of grains on one plant to 32.9–36.3 units, which exceeded the control by 1.1–4.5 units, or by 3.5–14.1%. The yield of spring wheat from the integrated application of the agrochemical increased to 3.90 t / ha, which is 21.1% higher than the control.

scholarly journals Efficiency of organomineral fertilizer “Bioklad” in mixed sowing of oats with peas in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone Republic of North Ossetia-Alania

2020 ◽  
Vol 201 (10) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Larisa Ikoeva ◽  
Oksana Haeva
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Component Mixture ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
North Ossetia

Abstract. The authors present the results of the application of complex organo-mineral fertilizer “Bioklad” on mixed sowing of oats with peas in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. The purpose of the work is to study the effectiveness of the use of the organomineral fertilizer “Bioklad” on the yield and nutrition of mixed sowing of oats with peas in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. Methods. Studies on the tasks were carried out in 2016–2018 at the experimental site of the North Caucasus Research Institute of Mountain and Foothill Agriculture – branch of the Federal Center “Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences” in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone Republic of North Ossetia-Alania according to generally accepted methods. The soil of the experimental plot is medium-power heavy loamy leached chernozem, lined with pebbles. Results. The use of fertilizer “Bioklad” had a significant impact on the timing, fullness of shoots and the density of standing plants up to harvest. The field germination rate for peas varied between 70,5 and 72,4 %, while the oat rate was 76,4 to 80 %. The option with seed inoculation was highlighted. According to the dynamics of the height of the plants also stood out the option with the inoculation of seeds. The use of complex fertilizer “Bioklad” had a positive effect on the yield and quality of the green mass of oats with peas. The largest amount of phytomass was obtained under the variant with inoculation of seeds – 283,3 c/ha, which is higher than the control version at 68,3 c/ha. In terms of the content of digestible protein, the harvest of the mixture of oats with peas exceeded the zootechnical norm, the yield from one hectare reached 6,0–6,9 c/ha, against 5,2 c/ha in control, which per feed unit was 113,7–119,9 g. The collection of feed units amounted to 50,02–60,68 kg/ha, and in the control 44,23 kg/ha, feed protein units, respectively: 55,01–64,84 kg/ha; 48,12 kg/ha. Scientific novelty. For the first time in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone Republic of North Ossetia-Alania studied the effect of complex organomineral fertilizer “Bioklad” on plant growth processes, formation of green mass, quality of products in a two-component mixture (oats + peas).

Screening the pea collection for breeding feed varieties

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Е.В. Кожухова ◽  
Л.П. Байкалова
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Mass Yield ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Green Mass Yield

Исследования проводились в лесостепи Восточной Сибири в 2018–2019 годах. Для создания сортов гороха (Pisum sativum L.) с высокой кормовой продуктивностью необходимо включать в селекционный процесс листочковые формы вместо более технологичных усатых сортов. Цель исследования — анализ коллекции гороха листочкового морфотипа для селекции на кормовые цели. Материалом для исследования послужили 20 образцов гороха листочкового морфотипа. Образцы оценивали по укосной и зерновой продуктивности. Погодные условия в годы проведения исследований отличались от среднемноголетних значений: 2018 год был очень засушливым (ГТК — 0,60), 2019 год — засушливым (ГТК — 0,89). Урожайность зависела от биологических особенностей сорта и погодных условий годов исследований. Следует отметить высокую продуктивность сорта гороха полевого Интенсивный 92: в оба года он попал в верхнюю часть ранжированного списка, превысив стандарт. В среднем по урожайности зелёной массы сорт Интенсивный 92 превосходил стандарт Радомир на 3,40 т/га, по урожайности семян — сорт Орпела на 0,10 т/га. Рентабельность производства зелёной массы сорта Интенсивный 92 оказалась на 53,7% выше стандарта. По рентабельности производства зерна сорт Орпела превысил стандарт на 8,8%. Выделены источники важных хозяйственных признаков: для селекции на увеличение урожайности семян — горох полевой Орпела; урожайности зелёной массы — сорта Апостол и Интенсивный 92; в качестве источника семенной продуктивности растений — сорта Тюменский кормовой, Шал, Орпела; устойчивости к полеганию — Альбенс и Орпела; устойчивости к аскохитозу и тле — Clause и Id 29200910. The investigation took place in the forest-steppe of the Eastern Siberia in 2018–2019. To create pea (Pisum sativum L.) varieties with high feed productivity, it is necessary to include leafy forms in a breeding process instead of leafless varieties suitable for machine harvesting. The research aimed at screening a collection of leafy peas for breeding feed varieties. 20 leafy varieties were analyzed according to their green mass and grain productivity. Weather conditions differed from the long-term average values: 2018 was very dry (hydrothermal index = 0.60), 2019 — dry (hydrothermal index = 0.89). Productivity depended on plant biology and meteorological conditions. Pea variety “Intensivny 92” showed high productivity ; it hit the top of the ranked list, exceeding the standard in both years. “Intensivny 92” exceeded the standard “Radomir” in green mass yield by 3.40 t ha-1 and“Orpela” — in grain productivity by 0.10 t ha-1. The profitability of green mass production of “Intensivny 92” was 53.7% higher than the standard. The profitability of “Orpela” grain production exceeded the standard by 8.8%. The sources of economically important traits were found: field pea “Orpela” — to increase grain yield; “Apostol” and “Intensivny 92” — for high green mass yield; “Tyumenskiy kormovoy”, “Shal”, “Orpela” — high seed productivity; “Albens” and “Orpela” — lodging resistance; Clause and Id 29200910 — resistance to Ascochyta leaf spot and aphids.

scholarly journals OPTIMAL METHODS OF FORAGE CROPS OF CROPS ON THE CALCULATED BACKGROUND OF MINERAL NUTRITION IN THE SOIL-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF FOREST-STEPPE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
Радик Сафин ◽  
Radik Safin ◽  
Марат Амиров ◽  
Marat Amirov ◽  
Салават Сулейманов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
The Cost

A powerful factor in increasing the yield of feed mixtures is the use of mineral fertilizers. On average, over 4 years of research, the yield of green mass increases from 13.8 tons per hectare at the control (without fertilizers) to 27.4 tons per hectare (almost 2 times). However, the effectiveness of the use of mineral fertilizers depends on how the sunflower and annual herbs are placed in space. Thus, on all backgrounds of mineral nutrition, the highest yield of green mass was obtained by sowing sunflower and annual herbs in separate strips with strip widths of 180 cm: N85P38K46 - 28.2 tons per hectare; N99P44K54 - 32.9 tons per hectare; N113P51K61 - 34.2 tons per hectare. In the same conditions, both narrowing the bands to 90 cm and expanding to 360 cm reduce the yield of the object of study. Mineral fertilizers also have a great influence on the gross yield of raw fat (an increase of 2.8 times), feed units - from 2,562 to 3,904, crude protein - 1.9 times, exchange energy - 2.4 times. As a result, the payback of each ruble of the cost of mineral fertilizers provides for the production of 1.5 rubles, and the bioenergy coefficient increases to 4.4, versus 2.2 for mixed sowing of sunflower and annual herbs.

scholarly journals Optimization of mineral nutrition of maize hybrids on the basis of plant diagnostics

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
N. M. Asanishvili ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Potassium Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Chemical Calculation ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The article presents the results of research conducted during 2016-2019 on the impact of different rates of mineral fertilizers and by-products of the predecessor on the content of chemical nutrients in plants and the yield of maize hybrids in the Forest-Steppe. The aim of the research was to establish the peculiarities of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation in maize plants in ontogenesis in relation to the yield of hybrids of early and middle-early maturity groups to optimize the mineral nutrition of the crop. The research was conducted on dark gray wooded soil using field, chemical, calculation-weight and mathematical-statistical methods. According to the stages of growth and development of BBCH, the peculiarities of the dynamics of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in plants of hybrids with FAO 190 and 280 depending on the agrochemical load of growing technology are established. Varietal regularities of concentration of chemical elements in maize plants in connection with the accumulation of dry matter by crops in ontogenesis and yield were revealed. Hybrids with the corresponding genetically determined level of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in plants have been identified and its influence on the realization of genotype productivity potential has been shown. The decisive role of potassium and nitrogen in the formation of the corn crop on dark gray wooded soil has been experimentally proved and confirmed on the basis of statistical and correlation analyzes. All hybrids were characterized by high tightness of correlations between yield and content in plants of nitrogen (r = 0.760–0.934) and potassium (r = 0.755–0.943) during the growing season as opposed to phosphorus, where these connections were of medium strength (r = 0.334–0.589) and only partially close (r = 0.702–0.806). According to the results of plant diagnostics of mineral nutrition of plants, the most effective growing technologies with different agrochemical loading are singled out, which ensure the yield of early and middle-early maize hybrids in agro-climatic conditions of the Forest-Steppe at 9.56–10.39 and 11.21–12.10 t/ha.

scholarly journals Control of segetal vegetation under adaptive tillage systems in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
M.M. Ptashnik ◽  
S.V. Dudnyk ◽  
F.I. Brukhal ◽  
N.Ye. Boris
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Poaceae Family ◽  
Fertilizer System ◽  
By Products

In the results of research are presented the regularities of the formation of cenoses of segetal vegetation in field crops, in particular, corn for grain and soybeans, with adaptive tillage systems in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine in order to develop effective, environmentally safe, resource-and energy-saving agrotechnological measures to control the level of contamination of agricultural land. The research was carried out during 2016-2020 in a stationary two – factor field experiment, which includes 5 alternative tillage systems (plowing, flat – cutting processing, differentiated – chiseling, shallow and surface – disking) and 3 fertilizer systems (without fertilizers; earning in the soil by – products of the predecessor; by-products + mineral fertilizers) in a short-term grain crop rotation (winter wheat-corn for grain-spring barley-soy) on gray large-sawn-light loamy forest soils.It was found that in agrocenoses of corn for grain and soybeans during the growing season, a small-year type of contamination is formed with a predominance of representatives of the Poaceae family, the monocotyledonous class, in particular Echinochloa crus-galli L. and Setaria glauca L.The best results in controlling of the development of segetal vegetation on experimental variants were provided by varieties of deep tillage (plow, flat-cut or chisel) against the background of an organic-mineral fertilizer system with the introduction of by-products of the predecessor into the soil and the introduction of mineral fertilizers. Such fertilizer systems decreased the contamination of crops by 38.9%.When cultivating the soil without turning the soil chunk – flat-cut and disking, against the background without fertilizers, the development of segetal vegetation was poorly controlled.Systems of minimized–shallow and surface disk treatments significantly (up to 88%) increased the abundance and (up to 91%) weight indicators of crop weed contamination in the pre-harvest period compared to multi-depth plowing and differentiated system of basic soil tilling.

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