scholarly journals Identification du rythme annuel de précipitation des carbonates pariétaux pour un calage micro-chronologique des occupations archéologiques pyrogéniques : cas de la Grotte Mandrin (Malataverne, Drome, France)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ségolène Vandevelde ◽  
Jean-Luc Lacour ◽  
Céline Quéré ◽  
Lionel Marie ◽  
Christophe Petit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Carbonate Precipitation ◽  
Laser Induced Plasma ◽  
Measured Time ◽  
Joint Study ◽  
Annual Scale ◽  
Annual Resolution ◽  
Do So

In rock shelters and caves, the geo-archaeological reading of sediments can allow, in favourable cases, a micro-chronological study of traces of anthropogenic activities and in particular in the use of fire. And if the recurrence in the use of fireplaces can sometimes be identified by a micromorphological study of the structures, it is very uncertain that all the different combustion episodes can be identified. It turns out that paleo-fire events can be recorded elsewhere than in the hearths. For instance, they can be recorded as soot marks trapped in speleothems, which are witnesses of fires in cavities. They can be the object of a fuliginochronological study (lat. fuliginosus, fuligo: soot), which consists in studying the succession of soot deposits trapped in a matrix. Some limestone concretions have another advantage, which is to be annually laminated. When this is the case, the joint study of soot films and calcite doublets makes it possible to set paleo-fire chronicles on a micro-chronological scale of measured time. In this study, we demonstrate, through the joint analysis of crystalline fabric alternations and seasonal variations of strontium (Sr) in concretions, that the calcite doublets observed in the fine parietal carbonated crusts of the Grotte Mandrin archaeological site are indeed annual. To do so, we use laser-induced plasma microspectroscopy (LIBS - Laser Induced Breackdown Spectroscopy), which allows to reveal variations of minor and traces elements in speleothems' carbonates on an annual to sub-annual scale through the analysis of transects or maps. Thus, soot film sequences can be indexed to the annual carbonate precipitation calendar and the joint study of soot film and calcite doublets makes it possible to set paleo-fire chronicles on a micro-chronological scale of measured time (annual resolution). The study of the rhythmicities of the occupations on this site then becomes accessible.

scholarly journals Factors influencing temporal changes in chemical composition of biogenic deposits in the middle Tążyna River Valley (Kuyavian Lakeland, central Poland)

Geologos ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-136
Author(s):  
Daniel Okupny ◽  
Seweryn Rzepecki ◽  
Ryszard Krzysztof Borówka ◽  
Jacek Forysiak ◽  
Juliusz Twardy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Geochemical Properties ◽  
Geochemical Elements ◽  
Micro Elements

Abstract The present paper discusses the influence of geochemical properties on biogenic deposits in the Wilkostowo mire near Toruń, central Poland. The analysed core has allowed the documentation of environmental changes between the older part of the Atlantic Period and the present day (probably interrupted at the turn of the Meso- and Neoholocene). In order to reconstruct the main stages in the sedimentation of biogenic deposits, we have used stratigraphic variability of selected litho-geochemical elements (organic matter, calcium carbonate, biogenic and terrigenous silica, macro- and micro-elements: Na, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr and Ni). The main litho-geochemical component is CaCO3; its content ranges from 4.1 per cent to 92 per cent. The variability of CaCO3 content reflects mainly changes in hydrological and geomorphological conditions within the catchment area. The effects of prehistoric anthropogenic activities in the catchment of the River Tążyna, e.g., the use of saline water for economic purposes, are recorded in a change from calcareous gyttja into detritus-calcareous gyttja sedimentation and an increased content of lithophilous elements (Na, K, Mg and Ni) in the sediments. Principal component analysis (PCA) has enabled the distinction the most important factors that affected the chemical composition of sediments at the Wilkostowo site, i.e., mechanical and chemical denudation processes in the catchment, changes in redox conditions, bioaccumulation of selected elements and human activity. Sediments of the Wilkostowo mire are located in the direct vicinity of an archaeological site, where traces of intensive settlement dating back to the Neolithic have been documented. The settlement phase is recorded both in lithology and geochemical properties of biogenic deposits which fill the reservoir formed at the bottom of the Parchania Canal Valley.

scholarly journals H0LiCOW – XIII. A 2.4 per cent measurement of H0 from lensed quasars: 5.3σ tension between early- and late-Universe probes

2019 ◽  
Vol 498 (1) ◽  
pp. 1420-1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth C Wong ◽  
Sherry H Suyu ◽  
Geoff C-F Chen ◽  
Cristian E Rusu ◽  
Martin Millon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Cold Dark Matter ◽  
Cosmological Parameters ◽  
Hubble Constant ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Type Ia Supernovae ◽  
Acoustic Oscillations ◽  
Type Ia ◽  
Measured Time ◽  
Ia Supernovae

ABSTRACT We present a measurement of the Hubble constant (H0) and other cosmological parameters from a joint analysis of six gravitationally lensed quasars with measured time delays. All lenses except the first are analysed blindly with respect to the cosmological parameters. In a flat Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmology, we find $H_{0} = 73.3_{-1.8}^{+1.7}~\mathrm{km~s^{-1}~Mpc^{-1}}$, a $2.4{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ precision measurement, in agreement with local measurements of H0 from type Ia supernovae calibrated by the distance ladder, but in 3.1σ tension with Planck observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). This method is completely independent of both the supernovae and CMB analyses. A combination of time-delay cosmography and the distance ladder results is in 5.3σ tension with Planck CMB determinations of H0 in flat ΛCDM. We compute Bayes factors to verify that all lenses give statistically consistent results, showing that we are not underestimating our uncertainties and are able to control our systematics. We explore extensions to flat ΛCDM using constraints from time-delay cosmography alone, as well as combinations with other cosmological probes, including CMB observations from Planck, baryon acoustic oscillations, and type Ia supernovae. Time-delay cosmography improves the precision of the other probes, demonstrating the strong complementarity. Allowing for spatial curvature does not resolve the tension with Planck. Using the distance constraints from time-delay cosmography to anchor the type Ia supernova distance scale, we reduce the sensitivity of our H0 inference to cosmological model assumptions. For six different cosmological models, our combined inference on H0 ranges from ∼73 to 78 km s−1 Mpc−1, which is consistent with the local distance ladder constraints.

scholarly journals Vox Peritorum: Capitalizing on Confidence and Projection to Characterize Expertise

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Joachim Grüning ◽  
Joachim Israel Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Judgment Task ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Confidence ◽  
Social Projection ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Theoretical Premise ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Joint Study ◽  
Do So

Theory and research seek to isolate the properties of experts in judgment and decision-making tasks. Confidence in judgment and social projection have emerged as two important meta-judgmental markers. The joint utility of these two indicators of expertise has not been considered yet. We show that the joint study of individual and contextual differences in confidence and projection offers new opportunities to understand expertise. Our theoretical premise is that experts can solve difficult tasks, and do so with high confidence while knowing that few others accomplish this. In a reanalysis of data from Prelec and colleagues (2017) we show that expert judgments are accompanied by higher confidence and less social projection than judgments made by non-experts. Only among experts, confidence and projection are weakly correlated. Moreover, experts align their rate of projection with the difficulty of the judgment task. The present results support a new and integrative approach to the study of experts and expert judgment. We discuss the limitations of the present work and point to future research questions.

The Russian-Japanese "Pazyryk" Programme the First Year of Joint Studies

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-311
Author(s):  
V.I. Molodin ◽  
A.P. Derevyanko
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Field Research ◽  
First Year ◽  
Altai Mountains ◽  
Adequate Funding ◽  
Unique Material ◽  
Ukok Plateau ◽  
Joint Study ◽  
Scythian Period ◽  
Do So

AbstractThe early Iron Age tumuli of the Altai mountains are unique in preserving largely intact frozen corpses, horses, textiles, leather and wood of the Scythian period. Further such burials exist: in 1991 a reconnaissance excavation of a frozen tumulus at Ak-Alakh again yielded a fabulous inventory. However the conditions of their preservation require their rapid rescue and conservation and adequate funding to do so. In 1991 the USSR and Japan signed an agreement for the joint study of the tumuli of the Pazyryk culture, which included provisions for the conduct of field research on the Ukok plateau, the restoration and conservation of materials from the tumuli (Japan has made Yens 100 m available for this purpose), and the transport of the excavated tumuli to musea. A large tumulus of the 5th-3rd c. B.C. at Kurtuguntas has since been excavated, the unique material recovered was conserved on site and the burial construction transported to the museum at Akademgorodok. In the Bertok valley 60 sites were surveyed and 15 excavated (only one tulumus had been disturbed in antiquity). A monograph is in preparation.

scholarly journals Application of geophysical methods for monitoring of surface and subsurface changes of origin archaeological terrains &ndahs; case studies of sites in the Czech Republic

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-5/W7 ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
R. Křivánek
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Paper Document

Geophysical methods could be used in wider scale for monitoring of changes of different archaeological terrains and types of archaeological situations. Agriculture, afforestation or other changes of land use play important role in real preservation of surface and subsurface and subsoil archaeological layers. Quality of many prehistoric, early medieval or medieval archaeological sites is rapidly changing during the time. Many of archaeological situations are today preserved only as subsurface remains of archaeological situations and various anthropogenic activities. A substantial part of these activities and their state of preservation can still be also traced by geophysical methods. Four examples from various types of archaeological sites in this paper document different possibilities of applied geophysical methods always dependent on state of archaeological site and conditions of measurements.

Holding replication studies to mainstream standards of evidence

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duane T. Wegener ◽  
Leandre R. Fabrigar
Keyword(s):  
Replication Studies ◽  
Replication Research ◽  
Standards Of Evidence ◽  
Do So

AbstractReplications can make theoretical contributions, but are unlikely to do so if their findings are open to multiple interpretations (especially violations of psychometric invariance). Thus, just as studies demonstrating novel effects are often expected to empirically evaluate competing explanations, replications should be held to similar standards. Unfortunately, this is rarely done, thereby undermining the value of replication research.

Electron Microscopy of a Herpesvirus Isolated from Marek's Disease in Duck and Chicken Embryo Fibroblast Cultures

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 222-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyvan Nazerian
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Chicken Embryo Fibroblast ◽  
Marek's Disease ◽  
Marek’S Disease ◽  
Duck Embryo Fibroblast ◽  
Multinucleated Cells ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
And Control ◽  
Do So

A herpes-like virus has been isolated from duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) cultures inoculated with blood from Marek's disease (MD) infected birds. Cultures which contained this virus produced MD in susceptible chickens while virus negative cultures and control cultures failed to do so. This and other circumstantial evidence including similarities in properties of the virus and the MD agent implicate this virus in the etiology of MD.Histochemical studies demonstrated the presence of DNA-staining intranuclear inclusion bodies in polykarocytes in infected cultures. Distinct nucleo-plasmic aggregates were also seen in sections of similar multinucleated cells examined with the electron microscope. These aggregates are probably the same as the inclusion bodies seen with the light microscope. Naked viral particles were observed in the nucleus of infected cells within or on the edges of the nucleoplasmic aggregates. These particles measured 95-100mμ, in diameter and rarely escaped into the cytoplasm or nuclear vesicles by budding through the nuclear membrane (Fig. 1). The enveloped particles (Fig. 2) formed in this manner measured 150-170mμ in diameter and always had a densely stained nucleoid. The virus in supernatant fluids consisted of naked capsids with 162 hollow, cylindrical capsomeres (Fig. 3). Enveloped particles were not seen in such preparations.

Debates in Dysphagia Management: How Do You Use Evidence-Based Practice in Your Dysphagia Patient Care?

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 121-123
Author(s):  
Jeri A. Logemann
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Clinical Method ◽  
Do So

Evidence-based practice requires astute clinicians to blend our best clinical judgment with the best available external evidence and the patient's own values and expectations. Sometimes, we value one more than another during clinical decision-making, though it is never wise to do so, and sometimes other factors that we are unaware of produce unanticipated clinical outcomes. Sometimes, we feel very strongly about one clinical method or another, and hopefully that belief is founded in evidence. Some beliefs, however, are not founded in evidence. The sound use of evidence is the best way to navigate the debates within our field of practice.

The Persnickety Pervasiveness of Rating Enhancement in Personality Assessment

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Alicia A. Stachowski ◽  
John T. Kulas
Keyword(s):  
Response Bias ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Psychological Measurement ◽  
Shared Sets ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Original Target ◽  
Target Profile ◽  
Do So ◽  
Normative Influences

Abstract. The current paper explores whether self and observer reports of personality are properly viewed through a contrasting lens (as opposed to a more consonant framework). Specifically, we challenge the assumption that self-reports are more susceptible to certain forms of response bias than are informant reports. We do so by examining whether selves and observers are similarly or differently drawn to socially desirable and/or normative influences in personality assessment. Targets rated their own personalities and recommended another person to also do so along shared sets of items diversely contaminated with socially desirable content. The recommended informant then invited a third individual to additionally make ratings of the original target. Profile correlations, analysis of variances (ANOVAs), and simple patterns of agreement/disagreement consistently converged on a strong normative effect paralleling item desirability, with all three rater types exhibiting a tendency to reject socially undesirable descriptors while also endorsing desirable indicators. These tendencies were, in fact, more prominent for informants than they were for self-raters. In their entirety, our results provide a note of caution regarding the strategy of using non-self informants as a comforting comparative benchmark within psychological measurement applications.

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