scholarly journals Modified method of conductometric data analysis to calculate the degree of ionization and conductivity of micelles

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 03008
Author(s):  
O. S. Zueva
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Micellar Solution ◽  
Specific Conductance ◽  
Total Conductivity ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Degree Of Ionization ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Onsager Theory ◽  
New Formula

Methods for calculation of specific conductance of ions and micelles and the degree of micelle ionization using conductometric data in various approximations of the Debye – Hückel – Onsager theory were considered. The analysis of the existing calculation methods was carried out to identify their drawbacks and to suggest ways of their elimination. The calculation method of the micellar parameters on the basis of conductometric data using micellar size was modified, and a new formula for determining the degree of micelle ionization was obtained. All calculations using the modified method were performed in the first and the second approximations, and the newly obtained values of the micellar parameters are in greater agreement with the results of other studies. Based on the calculations performed, it was shown that the contribution of micelles to the total conductivity of micellar solution cannot be neglected, since at high concentrations the contribution of micelles exceeds the contribution of counterions and can exceed 50%.

scholarly journals Modified method of conductometric data analysis to calculate the conductivity of surfactant ions

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 03009
Author(s):  
O. S. Zueva
Keyword(s):  
Infinite Dilution ◽  
Specific Conductivity ◽  
Total Conductivity ◽  
Mathematical Form ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Ion Conductivities ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Onsager Theory

Methodology for simple analytical refinement of the equivalent electrical conductivities of surfactant ions and counterions was proposed in the framework of the Debye – Hückel – Onsager theory as applied to surfactant dispersions at various concentrations. The developed methodology is based on the use of the mathematical form for the concentration dependencies of the specific conductivity in the premicellar region and makes it possible to calculate the equivalent conductivities of surfactant ions both under infinite dilution conditions and near the CMC. One of the advantages of the described method is the possibility of calculating the ion conductivities in the presence of a minimum number of experimental points (formally, a straight line can be constructed and its tangent of the angle of inclination can be determined even by two points corresponding to region 0.2 CMC — 0.8 CMC). Using the values of the equivalent conductivities of surfactant ions and counterions calculated for the required concentrations, allows to determine the parameters of the solution more accurately, including the contribution of micelles to the total conductivity of the solution.

Micellization Behaviour of Cationic Surfactants in the Presence of Food Additives: Conductance and Spectroscopic Investigations

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonika Arti ◽  
Neha Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Cationic Surfactants ◽  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Specific Conductance ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
Degree Of Ionization ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Micellization Process

Aim: The micellization behavior of cationic surfactants have been studied in the presence of food additives. Objectives: Micellization behaviour of cationic surfactants, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) has been studied in water and in various concentrations of salts (food additives) L-glutamic acid, sodium propionate, sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate and disodium tartrate dihydrate at (298.15, 308.15 and 318.15) K. Methods: Two methods used in the present study are specific conductance measurements and spectroscopy (NMR) studies. Results: From the specific conductance(κ), various parameters such as critical micelle concentration (CMC), degree of ionization of micelle (α), standard Gibbs free energy (ΔGom), enthalpy (ΔHom), and entropy (ΔSom) of micellization have also been calculated. Thermodynamic parameters related to the micellization process were also analyzed through NMR studies. Conclusion: The CMC values are influenced by the presence of food additive. The magnitude of CMC values increase with increase in concentration of food additive. In all the cases, enthalpy of micellization, ∆Hom values are found to be negative whereas entropy of micellization, ∆S om values are positive which indicate that hydrophobic interactions play a major role in the micellization process. Also, NMR studies reveal that tartrate and citrate are more hydrated than glutamic acid and propionate, resulting in more downfield shift.

Combined enzymic-Jaffé method for determination of creatinine in serum.

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Masson ◽  
P Ohlsson ◽  
I Björkhem
Keyword(s):  
Reference Method ◽  
Enzyme Reaction ◽  
Creatine Phosphate ◽  
Mass Fragmentography ◽  
Good Precision ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract Concentrations of creatinine, as determined in serum by a method involving the combined use of creatinine amidohydrolase (EC 3.5.2.10) and alkaline sodium picrate were found to be factitiously low, owing to a reversal of the enzyme reaction. This effect could be eliminated by converting creatine, the product of the enzymic reaction, to creatine phosphate. The combined enzymic-Jaffé method was therefore modified to include creatine amidohydrolase, creatine kinase, ATP, and Mg2+ in the reaction mixture. The modified method has good precision. We saw no significant interferences by relatively high concentrations of acetone, acetylacetone, ADP, creatine, creatine phosphate, glucose, glycocyamine, or pyruvate. Likewise, no interferences were evident with icteric, lipemic, or hemolytic serum samples. There was an excellent agreement between creatinine values obtained with our method and by a reference method based on isotope dilution-mass fragmentography. Our method is considerably simpler than the fully enzymic method for determination of creatinine and might be a method of choice if a high accuracy is desired.

Analysis on the Calculation Methods of Acid Dew Point of Flue Gas

2014 ◽  
Vol 960-961 ◽  
pp. 414-421
Author(s):  
Chen Zong ◽  
Xiao Hui Zhang ◽  
Qi Min Wang
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Thermal Calculation ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Typical Instance ◽  
New Formula

At present, there are lots of calculation methods of acid dew point of flue gas; formula of acid dew point in the thermal calculation from the former U.S.S.R has been widely applied in China. But this formula still has some problems, such as the desulphurization ability of different fuels, classification of sulfur content in fuel and the factors of SO2 transferred into SO3.In order to solve these problems,the formula of the acid dew point in the thermal calculation from the former U.S.S.R is adjusted. It was found that the precision of A.G.O kkes formula is the highest by comparing several formulas. So the last will be the compilation of the new formula and A.G.O kkes formula, the former Soviet union formula and the calculation of burning lean coal,bituminous coal and lignite typical instance of 600 MW,it was found that the precision of new formula calculation has improved.

scholarly journals Pairwise Efficiency: A new mathematical approach to qPCR data analysis increases the precision of the classical calibration curve assay

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia Panina ◽  
Arno Germond ◽  
Brit G. David ◽  
Tomonobu M. Watanabe ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Expression Ratio ◽  
Qpcr Data ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
New Formula

ABSTRACTThe real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is routinely used for quantification of nucleic acids and is considered the gold standard in the field of relative nucleic acid measurements. The efficiency of the qPCR reaction is one of the most important parameters that needs to be determined, reported, and incorporated into data analysis in any qPCR experiment. The Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Experiments (MIQE) guidelines recognize the calibration curve as the method of choice for estimation of qPCR efficiency. The precision of this method has been reported to be between SD=0.007 (3 replicates) and SD=0.022 (no replicates). In this manuscript we present a novel approach to analysing qPCR data obtained by running a dilution series. Unlike previously developed methods, our method relies on a new formula that describes pairwise relationships between data points on separate amplification curves and thus operates extensive statistics (hundreds of estimations). The comparison of our method with classical calibration curve by Monte Carlo simulation shows that our approach can almost double the precision of efficiency and gene expression ratio estimations on the same dataset.

scholarly journals Galvanostatic Intermittent Titration Technique Reinvented: Part II. Experiments

2021 ◽  
Vol 168 (12) ◽  
pp. 120503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Dongmin Kang ◽  
Jimmy Jiahong Kuo ◽  
Nidhi Kapate ◽  
Jihyun Hong ◽  
Joonsuk Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Surface ◽  
Chemical Diffusion ◽  
Total Conductivity ◽  
Diffusion Measurement ◽  
Chemical Diffusivity ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Titration Procedure ◽  
Galvanostatic Intermittent Titration Technique ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Titration Technique

Following a critical review of the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique in Part I, here we experimentally demonstrate how to extract chemical diffusivity with a modified method. We prepare dense bulk samples that ensure diffusion-limitation. We utilize the scaling with t relax + τ − t relax (t relax: relaxation time; τ: pulse duration), avoiding problems with composition-dependent overpotentials. The equilibrium Nernst voltage is measured separately using small porous particles. This separation between the diffusion measurement and the titration procedure is critical for performing each measurement in a reliable setting. We report the chemical diffusion coefficients of LixNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 and their activation energy. We extract ionic conductivity and compare it with total conductivity to confirm ion-limitation in chemical diffusion. The measurements suggest that the time scale for diffusion in typical Li-ion battery particles could be much shorter than that of the intercalation/deintercalation processes at the particle surface (Biot number less than 0.1).

scholarly journals CONTRASTIVE APPROACH TO NUMERIC USAGE IN JAPAN AND IN THE ABAJADUN METHOD

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 928-939
Author(s):  
Nani Sunarni ◽  
Eka Kurnia Firmansyah ◽  
Zulfi Abdul Malik ◽  
Yani Rohmayani
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Japanese Language ◽  
Birth Date ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
The People ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
Numeric Calculation ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Method

Purpose: The article presents both numeric implementation in Japan and the Arabic gematrical calculation (hisababajadun) in Indonesia. It is common for the people in Japan and Indonesia to believe in the power of numerals and to assume whether or not certain digits induce bad luck. Methodology: The research applies a qualitative descriptive method through a contrastive approach. Main Findings: Data analysis is based on both Koizumi's approach (1995) to the meaning of numbers in the Japanese language and Al Bani's view on hisababajadun. Our study shows that the numeric calculation in Japan uses luckiness as its ground while the hisababajadun builds its mechanism on birth date calculation according to Quranic Neuro-Hypnosis. Implications/ Applications: The research may enrich existing theoretical references on the belief toward numbers in both Japan and Indonesia. While in practice, it may as well be a reference for the application of numeric calculation methods in both cultures. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study is unique and novel as it enhances the understanding of the importance of numerals in two distinct cultures i.e., Japan and Indonesia. Moreover, this study sheds light on some crucial aspects of numeral calculation including how these numerals are used, what beliefs are attached to them and how and where these numerals are used for solving life problems.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis Of Conventional Method With Activity Based Costing In PT Mulia Sejati Gallery

The Winners ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Irma Nadia Erena ◽  
Engelwati Gani
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Costing System ◽  
The Cost

The goal of this research was to provide readers the information about the calculation methods, both traditional and activity-based costing in the application of the cost of production. The method used in this research was the qualitative method. The analysis was done by calculating the amount of the production cost using the traditional system and the magnitude of the production cost when using the activity-based costing system. The amount of each acquisition was then performed into data analysis. The results achieved are massive distortion between the calculations using traditional systems and activity based costing system. The conclusions of the whole thesis are activity-based costing system is considered more relevant than traditional systems that are currently used by the company.

Ordering Phenomena in Surfactant Systems: From Micellar Solutions to Gel and Crystalline Phases

2015 ◽  
Vol 229 (10-12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Gibhardt ◽  
Chandrashekara R. Haramagatti ◽  
Ahmed Kh. Islamov ◽  
Oleksandr I. Ivankov ◽  
Alexander I. Kuklin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle Neutron Scattering ◽  
Micellar Solution ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Micellar Solutions ◽  
Model Substances ◽  
Gel Phase ◽  
Surfactant Systems ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractThe phase behavior of surfactant systems is investigated using alkyltrimethylammonium bromide surfactants with different alkyl chain lengths (dodecyl-, tetradecyl-, hexadecyl- and octadecyl) as model substances. The transitions between micellar solution, gel-phase and crystalline phase are characterized by the combination of Raman spectroscopy and small angle neutron scattering. It is demonstrated that in systems with small surfactant molecules the aqueous solution crystallizes directly on cooling to form hydrated crystals while an intermediate gel phase is observed in long chain systems. The cross-over is found for the hexadecyl-compound where the gel phase appears only at high concentrations.

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