scholarly journals The chemical and isotopic compositions of thermal waters and gases in the Republic of Buryatia, Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 01055
Author(s):  
Elena Zippa ◽  
Alexey Plyusnin ◽  
Stepan Shvartsev
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Nonequilibrium System ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Isotopic Compositions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Concentrations

The chemical and isotopic compositions of waters and associated gases in the Republic of Buryatia are investigated in this report. Results show the thermal waters are predominantly enriched in N2. They are alkaline, low salinity and have high concentrations of HCO3-, SO42-, F, Si but low values for Ca2+, Mg2+, K+. According to isotopic composition, the thermal waters are meteoric in origin. Despite the low salinity, the thermal waters are in equilibrium with calcite, magnesite, fluorite, albite, laumontite and other minerals but are not equilibrium with respect to primary aluminosilicates. This indicates that the thermal waters and water-bearing rocks represent the equilibrium-nonequilibrium system.

Reconstructing Terrestrial Environments Using Stable Isotopes in Fossil Teeth and Paleosol Carbonates

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 167-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin H. Passey
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Carbon Isotopes ◽  
Oxygen Isotopes ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Radiative Heating ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Isotopic Compositions ◽  
Heat Effects ◽  
Oxygen Isotopic

Carbon isotopes in Neogene-age fossil teeth and paleosol carbonates are commonly interpreted in the context of past distributions of C3 and C4 vegetation. These two plant types have very different distributions in relation to climate and ecology, and provide a robust basis for reconstructing terrestrial paleoclimates and paleoenvironments during the Neogene. Carbon isotopes in pre-Neogene fossil teeth are usually interpreted in the context of changes in the δ13C value of atmospheric CO2, and variable climate-dependent carbon-isotope discrimination in C3 plants. Carbon isotopes in pre-Neogene soil carbonates can be used to estimate past levels of atmospheric CO2. Oxygen isotopes in fossil teeth and paleosol carbonates primarily are influenced by the oxygen isotopic compositions of ancient rainfall and surface waters. The oxygen isotopic composition of rainfall is has a complex, but tractable, relationship with climate, and variably relates to temperature, elevation, precipitation amount, and other factors. Mammal species that rely on moisture in dietary plant tissues to satisfy their water requirements (rather than surface drinking water) may have oxygen isotopic compositions that track aridity. Thus, oxygen isotopes of fossil mammals can place broad constraints on paleoaridity. Carbonate clumped isotope thermometry allows for reconstruction of soil temperatures at the time of pedogenic carbonate mineralization. The method is unique because it is the only thermodynamically based isotopic paleothermometer that does not require assumptions about the isotopic composition of the fluid in which the archive mineral formed. Soil temperature reflects a complex interplay of air temperature, solar radiative heating, latent heat effects, soil thermal diffusivity, and seasonal variations of these parameters. Because plants and most animals live in and/or near the soil, soil temperature is an important aspect of terrestrial (paleo)climate.

scholarly journals GEOTHERMAL ENERGY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA AND HYDROCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF ITS EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrijana Stevanović ◽  
Boban Jolović
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Geothermal Gradient ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Banja Luka

One of the most used renewable energy sources worldwide is geothermal energy. Itrepresents the heat, originated by natural processes happen in the Earth interior. The hot springsphenomena are the most frequent natural manifestation of geothermal activity.Geothermal potentiality of some area can be estimated based on geothermal gradient. Geothermalgradient is a conductive terrestrial parameter that represents the degree of increasing of the Earthtemperature vs. depth. It is usually expressed in ⁰C/m or ⁰C/km. Different areas have differentthermal gradients and thus different geothermal potential. Generally, higher geothermal gradientscorrespond to areas containing more geothermal energy.Geothermal characteristics of the territory of the Republic of Srpska are closely related to itscomplex geological setting. It is the reason why geothermal characteristics are different from areato area. Higher geothermal potentiality is recognised in the northern parts of the entity, in the firstorder in Semberija, Posavina and Banja Luka regions.The use of geothermal energy with different fluid temperatures can be considered throughthe Lindaldiagram, who firstly proposed acomprehensive scale with appropriate temperatures for differentuses. High temperature fluids are mostly used for electricity production and moderate and lowtemperature fluids for the direct use.Despite the fact that the territory of the Republic of Srpska hasfavourable geothermal properties, utilization of this kind of renewable energy resource isinadequate. Especially indicative are data about the use of geothermal energy by heat pumps (inbad sense) in comparison with praxis of developed countries.Chemical composition of thermal waters plays very important role and can be used in itsexploration stage, for analyses of possibility of its use and for prediction of exploitation effects, aswell. This kind of renewable energyresource, highly ecologically recommended, must be consideredmore seriously in the future in the Republic of Srpska. Furthermore, it must be put into the energystrategic documentsin appropriate manner.

Status-quo of carbonate cadmium isotope compositions as a paleo-productivity proxy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon V. Hohl
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Ambient Seawater ◽  
Isotopic Compositions ◽  
Marine Carbonates ◽  
The Status ◽  
State Changes ◽  
Underlying Processes ◽  
Isotope Systematics

<p>Cadmium (Cd) and isotope systematics are emerging tools for studying the biogeochemical cycling of micronutrients in the oceans, and sedimentary archives, as Cd concentrations in seawater show a nutrient-like behaviour, with surface depletion and deep water enrichments. However, the underlying processes are yet to be fully understood. The Cd concentration and isotopic composition of seawater are set by the balance of Cd inputs (and their isotopic composition) and the fractionation on removal to sedimentary sinks. The most favoured explanation is the Cd utilisation by marine phototrophic biomass, causing the surface water’s dissolved Cd pool depletion creating a depth gradient of increasing Cd concentrations and lighter isotopic compositions. Under incomplete oxidative recycling, organic matter may act as an effective Cd sink and authigenic minerals may store the ambient seawater’s Cd isotope composition.</p><p>Consequently, stable Cd isotope compositions in marine carbonates show broad variations linked to paleo-productivity and redox state changes. Additional fractionation processes govern the Cd isotopic compositions of marine sediments. Besides biological utilisation, experimental Cd partitioning into authigenic calcites or sulphides under variable redox and salinity conditions has been shown.  Therefore, when applying Cd isotopes in carbonates, other geochemical proxies must be evaluated very carefully to understand the involved Cd fractionation processes. This presentation aims to present the status quo of research done on authigenic and biologic carbonates and carbonate leachates in carbonatic shales to show the strengths and pitfalls of this new emerging bio-geoscience isotope proxy and its use for paleoenvironmental reconstructions on Earth and beyond.</p><p> </p><p> </p>

The chemical and isotopic compositions of thermal waters at Waimangu, New Zealand

Geothermics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 539-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
SF Simmons ◽  
MK Stewart ◽  
BW Robinson ◽  
RB Glover
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Isotopic Compositions

The limits of sodium/calcium interactions in plant growth

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Reid ◽  
F. Andrew Smith
Keyword(s):  
High Salinity ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Dependent Processes ◽  
Root Plasma Membrane

The amelioration of Na toxicity by supplementation of Ca in the growth medium was investigated in wheat with the aims of (1) identifying the Ca-dependent processes that determine the growth responses and (2) defining the limits to Ca effects on these processes. Growth of wheat seedlings was strongly inhibited by 150 mM NaCl but improved as the Ca concentration in the nutrient medium was increased up to 2.34 mM. Further increasing Ca to 10 mM did not increase growth, nor did foliar application of Ca. Even at high concentrations of Ca, the maximum growth was only approximately 50% of the growth at low salinity. We conclude that the main component of improved growth caused by Ca was via its apoplastic effects on the transport of Na and K across the root plasma membrane, rather than by increasing root or shoot Ca concentrations. There was no evidence that high salinity inhibited Ca uptake to the shoot. The limits to improvement of growth by Ca appear to relate to the fact that, although Ca is able to ameliorate the toxicity caused by high intracellular Na, it is not able to overcome the osmotic deficits associated with high salinity.

The chlorine-isotopic composition of lunar KREEP from magnesian-suite troctolite 76535

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (8) ◽  
pp. 1270-1274
Author(s):  
Francis M. McCubbin ◽  
Jessica J. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Melt Inclusions ◽  
Melt Inclusion ◽  
Isotopic Fractionation ◽  
Magma Ocean ◽  
Geochemical Composition ◽  
Isotopic Compositions ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
Lunar Samples

Abstract We conducted in situ Cl isotopic measurements of apatite within intercumulus regions and within a holocrystalline olivine-hosted melt inclusion in magnesian-suite troctolite 76535 from Apollo 17. These data were collected to place constraints on the Cl-isotopic composition of the last liquid to crystallize from the lunar magma ocean (i.e., urKREEP, named after its enrichments in incompatible lithophile trace elements like potassium, rare earth elements, and phosphorus). The apatite in the olivine-hosted melt inclusion and within the intercumulus regions of the sample yielded Cl-isotopic compositions of 28.3 ± 0.9‰ (2σ) and 30.3 ± 1.1‰ (2σ), respectively. The concordance of these values from both textural regimes we analyzed indicates that the Cl-isotopic composition of apatites in 76535 likely represents the Cl-isotopic composition of the KREEP-rich magnesian-suite magmas. Based on the age of 76535, these results imply that the KREEP reservoir attained a Cl-isotopic composition of 28–30‰ by at least 4.31 Ga, consistent with the onset of Cl-isotopic fractionation at the time of lunar magma ocean crystallization or shortly thereafter. Moreover, lunar samples that yield Cl-isotopic compositions higher than the value for KREEP are likely affected by secondary processes such as impacts and/or magmatic degassing. The presence of KREEP-rich olivine-hosted melt inclusions within one of the most pristine and ancient KREEP-rich rocks from the Moon provides a new opportunity to characterize the geochemistry of KREEP. In particular, a broader analysis of stable isotopic compositions of highly and moderately volatile elements could provide an unprecedented advancement in our characterization of the geochemical composition of the KREEP reservoir and of volatile-depletion processes during magma ocean crystallization, more broadly.

RESISTIVITY, SELF‐POTENTIAL, AND INDUCED‐POLARIZATION SURVEYS OF A VAPOR‐DOMINATED GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM

Geophysics ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1130-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. R. Zohdy ◽  
L. A. Anderson ◽  
L. J. P. Muffler
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Induced Polarization ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Electrical Soundings ◽  
Lateral Extent ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Lake Deposits ◽  
Self Potential

The Mud Volcano area in Yellowstone National Park provides an example of a vapor‐dominated geothermal system. A test well drilled to a depth of about 347 ft penetrated the vapor‐dominated reservoir at a depth of less than 300 ft. Subsequently, 16 vertical electrical soundings (VES) of the Schlumberger type were made along a 3.7‐mile traverse to evaluate the electrical resistivity distribution within this geothermal field. Interpretation of the VES curves by computer modeling indicates that the vapor‐dominated layer has a resistivity of about 75–130 ohm‐m and that its lateral extent is about 1 mile. It is characteristically overlain by a low‐resistivity layer of about 2–6.5 ohm‐m, and it is laterally confined by a layer of about 30 ohm‐m. This 30‐ohm‐m layer, which probably represents hot water circulating in low‐porosity rocks, also underlies most of the survey at an average depth of about 1000 ft. Horizontal resistivity profiles, measured with two electrode spacings of an AMN array, qualitatively corroborate the sounding interpretation. The profiling data delineate the southeast boundary of the geothermal field as a distinct transition from low to high apparent resistivities. The northwest boundary is less distinctly defined because of the presence of thick lake deposits of low resistivities. A broad positive self‐potential anomaly is observed over the geothermal field, and it is interpretable in terms of the circulation of the thermal waters. Induced‐polarization anomalies were obtained at the northwest boundary and near the southeast boundary of the vapor‐dominated field. These anomalies probably are caused by relatively high concentrations of pyrite.

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