RESISTIVITY, SELF‐POTENTIAL, AND INDUCED‐POLARIZATION SURVEYS OF A VAPOR‐DOMINATED GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM

Geophysics ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1130-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. R. Zohdy ◽  
L. A. Anderson ◽  
L. J. P. Muffler
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Induced Polarization ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Electrical Soundings ◽  
Lateral Extent ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Lake Deposits ◽  
Self Potential

The Mud Volcano area in Yellowstone National Park provides an example of a vapor‐dominated geothermal system. A test well drilled to a depth of about 347 ft penetrated the vapor‐dominated reservoir at a depth of less than 300 ft. Subsequently, 16 vertical electrical soundings (VES) of the Schlumberger type were made along a 3.7‐mile traverse to evaluate the electrical resistivity distribution within this geothermal field. Interpretation of the VES curves by computer modeling indicates that the vapor‐dominated layer has a resistivity of about 75–130 ohm‐m and that its lateral extent is about 1 mile. It is characteristically overlain by a low‐resistivity layer of about 2–6.5 ohm‐m, and it is laterally confined by a layer of about 30 ohm‐m. This 30‐ohm‐m layer, which probably represents hot water circulating in low‐porosity rocks, also underlies most of the survey at an average depth of about 1000 ft. Horizontal resistivity profiles, measured with two electrode spacings of an AMN array, qualitatively corroborate the sounding interpretation. The profiling data delineate the southeast boundary of the geothermal field as a distinct transition from low to high apparent resistivities. The northwest boundary is less distinctly defined because of the presence of thick lake deposits of low resistivities. A broad positive self‐potential anomaly is observed over the geothermal field, and it is interpretable in terms of the circulation of the thermal waters. Induced‐polarization anomalies were obtained at the northwest boundary and near the southeast boundary of the vapor‐dominated field. These anomalies probably are caused by relatively high concentrations of pyrite.

A seismic and gravity study of the McGregor geothermal system, southern New Mexico

Geophysics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1002-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. O’Donnell ◽  
K. C. Miller ◽  
J. C. Witcher
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Heat Flow ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Velocity Models ◽  
Basin Fill

Seismic and gravity studies have proven to be valuable tools in evaluating the geologic setting and economic potential of the McGregor geothermal system of southern New Mexico. An initial gravity study of the system demonstrated that a gravity high coincides with the heat‐flow high. A subsequent seismic reflection survey images a strong reflector, interpreted to be associated with a bedrock high that underlies the gravity and heat‐flow highs. A single reflection, which coincides with the water table, occurs within the Tertiary basin fill above bedrock. This reflector is subhorizontal except above structurally high bedrock, where it dips downward. This observation is consistent with well data that indicate a bedrock water table 30 m lower than water in the basin‐fill aquifer. Velocity models derived from seismic tomography show that the basin fill has velocities in the range of 800 to 4000 m/s and that the bedrock reflector coincides with high velocities of 5000 to 6000 m/s. Low‐velocity zones within the bedrock high are interpreted as karsted bedrock with solution‐collapse breccias and cavities filled with hot water. Higher velocity material that flanks the bedrock high may represent an earlier stage of basin fill or older alluvial‐fan deposits. The heat‐flow anomaly appears to be constrained to the region of shallowest bedrock that lacks these deposits, suggesting that they may act as an aquitard to cap underlying bedrock aquifers or geothermal reservoirs. Taken together, these observations suggest that the geothermal system is associated with karsted and fractured structurally high bedrock that serves as a window for upwelling and outflow of thermal waters. Thermal waters with a temperature as high as 89°C have the potential for space heating, geothermal desalinization, and small‐scale electrical production at McGregor Range.

scholarly journals STUDI SIFAT TERMAL BATUAN DAERAH LAPANGAN PANAS BUMI WAY RATAI BERDASARKAN PENGUKURAN METODE KONDUKTIVITAS TERMAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-119
Author(s):  
Ryan Donovan ◽  
Karyanto Karyanto ◽  
Ordas Dewanto
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Thermal Resistivity ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Conductivity Data ◽  
Conductivity Method ◽  
The Difference

Research on Way Ratai geothermal field has been done by measuring the thermal conductivity method. The thermal conductivity data is used to generate a map of the dispersion of heat conductively conductive rocks in the geothermal system. The result of measurement by thermal conductivity method in Way Ratai geothermal field is data of k (conductivity), Rt (thermal resistivity), and T (temperature). The value of the measured conductivity data in the geothermal field has range between 0.056-0.664 W/mK, the measured thermal resistivity value has range between 1.344-17.527mK/W, and the measured temperature value is between 22.68-52.59°C. The difference value of rock’s thermal conductivity is influenced by several factors, which is the existing geological structures in the field such as normal faults and lineaments, the presence of alteration, also the manifestation zone of hot water or hot vapor that caused from fumaroles.

On: “Resistivity, self‐potential, and induced‐polarization surveys of a vapor‐dominated geothermal system by A. A. R. Zohdy, L. A. Anderson, and L. J. P. Muffler (GEOPHYSICS, December 1973, p. 1130–1144).

Geophysics ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 538-538
Author(s):  
Amalendu Roy
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Induced Polarization ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Quantitative Interpretation ◽  
Central Section ◽  
Linear Distance ◽  
Self Potential ◽  
Layered Models

The paper deals chiefly with the quantitative interpretation, based on horizontally layered models, of sixteen vertical, electrical resistivity soundings (except for no. 11). If the section reproduced in Figure 2 is any indication, the requirement in such interpretation of the lateral continuity of layers does not seem to be even approximately satisfied. This is especially true over the central section involving the target area, where thirteen of these sixteen soundings with maximum spacings of the order of AB = 2000 ft are distributed over a linear distance of about 6000 ft.

scholarly journals Integrated Resistivity and Ground Penetrating Radar Observations of Underground Seepage of Hot Water at Blawan-Ijen Geothermal Field

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukir Maryanto ◽  
Ika Karlina Laila Nur Suciningtyas ◽  
Cinantya Nirmala Dewi ◽  
Arief Rachmansyah
Keyword(s):  
River Flow ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Depth Resolution ◽  
Hydrothermal Activity ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Reliable Methods

Geothermal resource investigation was accomplished for Blawan-Ijen geothermal system. Blawan geothermal field which located in the northern part of Ijen caldera presents hydrothermal activity related with Pedati fault and local graben. There were about 21 hot springs manifestations in Blawan-Ijen area with calculated temperature about 50°C. We have performed several geophysical studies of underground seepage of hot water characterization. The geoelectric resistivity and GPR methods are used in this research because both of them are very sensitive to detect the presence of hot water. These preliminary studies have established reliable methods for hydrothermal survey that can accurately investigate the underground seepage of hot water with shallow depth resolution. We have successfully identified that the underground seepage of hot water in Blawan geothermal field is following the fault direction and river flow which is evidenced by some hot spring along the Banyu Pahit river with resistivity value less than 40 Ωm and medium conductivity.

Revised hydrogeological model of the hydrothermal system Waiwera (New Zealand)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Grafe ◽  
Thomas Kempka ◽  
Michael Schneider ◽  
Michael Kühn
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Hydrogeology Journal ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Species Transport ◽  
Study Region

<p>The geothermal hot water reservoir underlying the coastal township of Waiwera, northern Auckland Region, New Zealand, has been commercially utilized since 1863. The reservoir is complex in nature, as it is controlled by several coupled processes, namely flow, heat transfer and species transport. At the base of the aquifer, geothermal water of around 50°C enters. Meanwhile, freshwater percolates from the west and saltwater penetrates from the sea in the east. Understanding of the system’s dynamics is vital, as decades of unregulated, excessive abstraction resulted in the loss of previously artesian conditions. To protect the reservoir and secure the livelihoods of businesses, a Water Management Plan by The Auckland Regional Council was declared in the 1980s [1]. In attempts to describe the complex dynamics of the reservoir system with the goal of supplementing sustainable decision-making, studies in the past decades have brought forth several predictive models [2]. These models ranged from being purely data driven statistical [3] to fully coupled process simulations [1].<br><br>Our objective was to improve upon previous numerical models by introducing an updated geological model, in which the findings of a recently undertaken field campaign were integrated [4]. A static 2D Model was firstly reconstructed and verified to earlier multivariate regression model results. Furthermore, the model was expanded spatially into the third dimension. In difference to previous models, the influence of basic geologic structures and the sea water level onto the geothermal system are accounted for. Notably, the orientation of dipped horizontal layers as well as major regional faults are implemented from updated field data [4]. Additionally, the model now includes the regional topography extracted from a digital elevation model and further combined with the coastal bathymetry. Parameters relating to the hydrogeological properties of the strata along with the thermophysical properties of water with respect to depth were applied. Lastly, the catchment area and water balance of the study region are considered.<br><br>The simulation results provide new insights on the geothermal reservoir’s natural state. Numerical simulations considering coupled fluid flow as well as heat and species transport have been carried out using the in-house TRANSport Simulation Environment [5], which has been previously verified against different density-driven flow benchmarks [1]. The revised geological model improves the agreement between observations and simulations in view of the timely and spatial development of water level, temperature and species concentrations, and thus enables more reliable predictions required for water management planning.<br><br>[1] Kühn M., Stöfen H. (2005):<br>      Hydrogeology Journal, 13, 606–626,<br>      https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-004-0377-6<br><br>[2] Kühn M., Altmannsberger C. (2016):<br>      Energy Procedia, 97, 403-410,<br>      https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2016.10.034<br><br>[3] Kühn M., Schöne T. (2017):<br>      Energy Procedia, 125, 571-579,<br>      https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.08.196<br><br>[4] Präg M., Becker I., Hilgers C., Walter T.R., Kühn M. (2020):<br>      Advances in Geosciences, 54, 165-171,<br>      https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-54-165-2020<br><br>[5] Kempka T. (2020):<br>      Adv. Geosci., 54, 67–77,<br>      https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-54-67-2020</p>

scholarly journals Geothermal System Study Case near Bucharest

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 06058
Author(s):  
Galina Prică ◽  
Lohengrin Onuțu ◽  
Grațiela Țârlea
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Response ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
System Study ◽  
Accurate Calculation ◽  
Good Efficiency ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
One Step ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Geological Formations

The article shows a study case of a geothermal system near Bucharest. In the paper it is shown that for a good efficiency of a geothermal system for heating and air conditioning, it is important to follow a few steps. One step is a very accurate calculation of the heat and cold load. In the next step it is important to use a specific equipment to obtain the Thermal Response Test (TRT) of geological formations crossed by the borehole. TRT is helpful in providing information related to the evolution of the soil temperature while introducing a thermal load. All information that can be obtained or calculated from the TRT will provide how the climate system will function in time and its efficiency. Furthermore, the effective thermal conductivity and thermal resistance of the well will be determined, extremely important parameters in designing the correct length of the geoheat exchanger. The article used specific software to simulate the evolution of parameters in time, for soil and heat pump. Earth Energy Design offer information for the number of needed boreholes, the depth and the yearly evolution of the soil’s temperature in time for the system etc. Following all these main steps, finally a very efficient system can be designed, that can ensure the heating and produce hot water for the consumption of a house, office building or of other destination buildings.

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Genesis of Geothermal Water from the Ganzi Geothermal Field, Eastern Tibetan Plateau

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1631
Author(s):  
Fan ◽  
Pang ◽  
Liao ◽  
Tian ◽  
Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Geothermal Water ◽  
Helium Isotope ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Geothermal Waters

The Ganzi geothermal field, located in the eastern sector of the Himalayan geothermal belt, is full of high-temperature surface manifestations. However, the geothermal potential has not been assessed so far. The hydrochemical and gas isotopic characteristics have been investigated in this study to determine the geochemical processes involved in the formation of the geothermal water. On the basis of δ18O and δD values, the geothermal waters originate from snow and glacier melt water. The water chemistry type is dominated by HCO3-Na, which is mainly derived from water-CO2-silicate interactions, as also indicated by the 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.714098–0.716888). Based on Cl-enthalpy mixing model, the chloride concentration of the deep geothermal fluid is 37 mg/L, which is lower than that of the existing magmatic heat source area. The estimated reservoir temperature ranges from 180–210 °C. Carbon isotope data demonstrate that the CO2 mainly originates from marine limestone metamorphism, with a fraction of 74–86%. The helium isotope ratio is 0.17–0.39 Ra, indicating that the He mainly comes from atmospheric and crustal sources, and no more than 5% comes from a mantle source. According to this evidence, we propose that there is no magmatic heat source below the Ganzi geothermal field, making it a distinctive type of high-temperature geothermal system on the Tibetan Plateau.

scholarly journals Geochemical response of deep geothermal processes in the Litang region, Western Sichuan

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 626-645
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Guiling Wang ◽  
Linxiao Xing ◽  
Tingxin Li ◽  
Jiayi Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Calcite Dissolution ◽  
Western Sichuan ◽  
Geothermal Fields ◽  
Positive Correlations

The geochemical characteristics of geothermically heated water can reveal deep geothermal processes, leading to a better understanding of geothermal system genesis and providing guidance for improved development and utilization of such resources. Hydrochemical and hydrogen oxygen isotope analysis of two geothermal field (district) hot springs based on regional geothermal conditions revealed that the thermal water in the Litang region is primarily of the HCO3Na type. The positive correlations found between F−, Li2+, As+, and Cl− indicated a common origin, and the relatively high Na+ and metaboric acid concentrations suggested a relatively long groundwater recharge time and a slow flow rate. The values of δD and δ18O were well distributed along the local meteoric line, indicating a groundwater recharge essentially driven by precipitation. The thermal reservoir temperature (152°C–195°C) and thermal cycle depth (3156–4070 m) were calculated, and the cold water mixing ratio (60%–68%) was obtained using the silica-enthalpy model. Finally, hydrogeochemical pathway simulation was used to analyze the evolution of geothermal water in the region. The results were further supported by the high metasilicate content in the region. Of the geothermal fields in the region, it was found that the Kahui is primarily affected by albite, calcite precipitation, and silicate, while the Gezha field is primarily affected by calcite dissolution, dolomite precipitation, and silicate.

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