scholarly journals Investigating the zinc ion adsorption capacity of a chitosan/β-cyclodextrin complex in wastewater

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Jiaxin Liu ◽  
Siqi Wang ◽  
Xiuqing Ding ◽  
Jingyi Fu ◽  
Jun Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Zinc Ion ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Industrial Waste Water ◽  
Cyclodextrin Complex ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 400 ◽  
Adsorption Rates

To decrease the amount of Zn2+ in industrial waste water, in this study, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was first modified and then used to obtain a β-cyclodextrin polymer (β-CDP). The effects of reaction temperature and reaction time of β-CD with citric acid (CA), polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG-400), and disodium hydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4) on the amount of β-CDP produced were investigated. The results showed that at a reaction temperature of 145 °C and a reaction time of 4.5 h, 6.58 g of β-CDP was produced. Then, chitosan (CTS) was crosslinked with β-CDP using glutaraldehyde to prepare a chitosan/β-cyclodextrin (CTS/β-CDP) complex. The mass ratio of CTS to β-CDP, reaction temperature, reaction time, and amount of added glutaraldehyde were used as the main variables to examine the Zn2+ adsorption rate and adsorption capacity of the composites prepared in this study. The optimum experimental conditions were as follows: a mass ratio of 3:10, a reaction temperature of 80 °C, a reaction time of 90 min, and 2 mL of glutaraldehyde. Under these optimal conditions, the adsorption amount and adsorption rates of Zn2+ using CTS/β-CDP complex were respectively 97.70 mg·g-1 and 78.92%.

scholarly journals Extraction of alumina from alumina rich coal gangue by a hydro-chemical process

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 192132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quancheng Yang ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Xingjian Deng ◽  
Hongchen Guo ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Chemical Process ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Coal Gangue ◽  
Added Value ◽  
High Alumina ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Vast quantities of gangue from coal mining and processing have accumulated over the years and caused significant economic and environmental problems in China. For high added-value utilization of alumina rich coal gangue (ARCG), a mild hydro-chemical process was investigated to extract alumina. The influences of NaOH concentration, mass ratio of alkali to gangue, reaction temperature and reaction time were systematically studied. An alumina extraction rate of 94.68% was achieved at the condition of NaOH concentration 47.5%, alkali to gangue ratio of 6, reaction temperature of 260°C and reaction time of 120 min. The obtained leaching residues were characterized through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometer. Research confirmed that kaolinite the main alumina-bearing phase of ARCG can be decomposed and transformed to Na 8 Al 6 Si 6 O 24 (OH) 2 (H 2 O) 2 and Ca 2 Al 2 SiO 6 (OH) 2 at relatively low temperature and short reaction time. Additionally, Na 8 Al 6 Si 6 O 24 (OH) 2 (H 2 O) 2 and Ca 2 Al 2 SiO 6 (OH) 2 are unstable and will transform to alumina-free phase NaCaHSiO 4 under the optimal conditions, which is the major reason for high alumina extraction rates.

Study on Liquefaction of Corncob in Polyhydric Alcohols

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 1110-1113
Author(s):  
Yuan Bo Huang ◽  
Yun Wu Zheng ◽  
Hao Feng ◽  
Zhi Feng Zheng ◽  
Ying Zi Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Hydroxyl Number ◽  
Catalyst Amount ◽  
Peg 400 ◽  
Polyhydric Alcohols ◽  
Liquid Products

The liquefaction of corncob in polyhydric alcohols was investigated by using sulfuric acid as a catalyst. Results showed that the best liquefaction could be obtained with residue percent of 4.5% under the conditions with the corncob/polyhydric alcohols mass ratio of 1/5, reaction temperature of 150°C, reaction time of 60 min, catalyst amount of 3% (based on the weight of corncob), PEG 400/glycerin mass ratio of 7/3 in the polyhydric alcohols, respectively. The liquefied liquid products had acid number of 18.9 mg KOH/g and hydroxyl number of 616.3mg KOH/g, respectively.

Study on the Preparation of Chitosan-Based Resin

2010 ◽  
Vol 160-162 ◽  
pp. 1810-1815
Author(s):  
Jing Xian Li ◽  
Juan Qin Xue ◽  
Ming Wu ◽  
Yu Jie Wang ◽  
Wei Bo Mao
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Reactant Ratio ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Stirring Rate ◽  
Formaldehyde Crosslinking ◽  
New Type

With chitosan as the raw material, a new type of resin material is synthesized through formaldehyde crosslinking. The effects of the reactant ratio, the reaction temperature, the reaction time, the stirring rate and the system pH on the cross-linking rate are studied in detail. The resin material is then characterized by means of IR. The experimental results show that the reaction occurs mainly on the amino and the hydroxyl of chitosan. The chitosan-based resin material with good properties of sphericity and acidresistivity can be prepared under the optimal experimental conditions, which are found to be 1:5 for the ratio of chitosan and formaldehyde, 60°C for the temperature, 1 h for the reaction time, 440r/min for the stirring rate and 10 for the pH.

Study on a High-Temperature Delayed Cross-Linked Acid

2012 ◽  
Vol 624 ◽  
pp. 252-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Zhao ◽  
Qi Song ◽  
Hai Lin ◽  
Yan Ling Wang ◽  
Zeng Bao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Zirconium Oxychloride ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Acid System ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions

A retarded zirconium cross-linking agent ECA-1 was prepared by using zirconium oxychloride, lactic acid， xylitol, and so on, then we got a high-temperature delayed cross-linking acid with cross-linking agent ECA-1 added to EVA-180 gelling acid, cross-linked acid performance and its influencing factors were discussed in details, such as reaction conditions of crosslinker, concentrations of crosslinker and thickener, and so on. The results showed that the obtained cross-linked acid had good temperature-tolerate and shear-tolerate properties when the mass ratio of zirconium oxychloride, lactic acid and xylitol is 1:1.25:0.0208 , the reaction temperature is 50~55°C, the reaction time is 4 hours, the delayed cross-linking time of acid system can be adjusted by changing the dosage of crosslinker and thickener.

Research on Micro-Electrolysis Method to Treat the Copper-Containing Electroplating Wastewater

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 1560-1563
Author(s):  
Yi Ting Zhang ◽  
Hai Bo Lun
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Electroplating Wastewater ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Carbon Mass ◽  
Electrolysis Method

Iron-carbon micro-electrolysis was applied in the treatment of the electroplating wastewater containing copper, and the parameters that affected the efficiencies of the wastewater treatment had been discussed, The results indicated that the optimal experimental conditions were initial pH 4, stirring speed 100r/min, total mass of iron and carbon 4g/0.1L, iron carbon mass ratio of 1, reaction time was 40min. The removal rate of the Cu2+was 99% or more, the effluent can meet emissions standards

Magnesium Recovery from Desiliconization Slag of Nickel Laterite Ores by Carbonization

2013 ◽  
Vol 813 ◽  
pp. 255-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Ning Mu ◽  
Shuang Zhi Shi ◽  
Yu Chun Zhai
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Nickel Laterite ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Carbonation Process ◽  
Laterite Ores ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments

This work examines the recovery of magnesium from desiliconization slag of nickel laterite ores by carbonation process. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, liquid/solid ratio and CO2 flow rate on magnesium dissolution are investigated. The optimized experimental conditions of recovering magnesium were gained by the analysis of orthogonal experiments.

Bioenergy II: Effect of Experimental Conditions on the Slow Batch Pyrolysis of Mixtures of Plastics, Tyres and Forestry Biomass Wastes

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe Paradela ◽  
Filomena Pinto ◽  
Isabel Cabrita ◽  
Ibrahim Gulyurtlu ◽  
Ana M. Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Initial Pressure ◽  
Initial Mixture ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Product Yields ◽  
Liquid Yield

This work aimed to study the recovery of three types of waste by the process of pyrolysis: biomass, plastics and used tyres. The effects of experimental conditions in products yield and composition were studied. The increase of reaction time increased alkane content both in gas phase from 53% to 70% v/v and in liquid fraction from 48% to 60% w/w. The rise of reaction temperature led to a decrease of liquid yield (from 82% to 73% w/w), which was followed by the increase of solids and gases. The increase of reaction temperature also allowed the increase of the alkane content in gas phase from 39% to 70% v/v. The increase of initial pressure did not lead to appreciable variations in product yields or composition. The parameter that most affected products yield and composition was plastics content on the wastes initial mixture. The enhancement of this parameter increased liquids yield from 33% to 92% w/w, at the expenses of solids and gases contents and also decreased aromatics contents from 52% to 28% w/w.

Research of Catalytic Oxidation Synthesis of Cyclopentene to Glutaraldehyde

2011 ◽  
Vol 391-392 ◽  
pp. 1149-1152
Author(s):  
Qi Dong Yan ◽  
Jun Xu ◽  
Feng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Catalytic Oxidation ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Tertiary Butanol ◽  
Catalyst Dosage ◽  
Main Influence ◽  
Oxidation Synthesis

The paper has studied the process of using H2O2 as oxidant and tungsten acid as catalyst, catalytic oxidation synthesis process of cyclopentene to glutaraldehyde and explored the main influence factors of the reaction, including the reaction time, reaction temperature, catalyst dosage and solvent. Furthermore, the quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis of the product was characterized by gas chromatography. The optimum synthetic condition was as follows: tertiary butanol as solvent, tungsten acid: boron anhydride(mass ratio)=1:1, 30%H2O2 as oxidant, the reaction temperature 35°C, the reaction time 4h, the yield of glutaraldehyde yield was 46%.

Research on Synthesis Regularity of Epoxysuccinic Acid

2013 ◽  
Vol 316-317 ◽  
pp. 942-945
Author(s):  
Qing He Gao ◽  
Yi Can Wang ◽  
Zhi Feng Hou ◽  
Hui Juan Qian ◽  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Synthesis System ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Sodium Hydrate

The yield of epoxysuccinic acid was obtained by determining the content of unreacted maleic anhydride and tartaric acid as a by-product in synthesis system. This method could calculate the yield of epoxysuccinic acid precisely and overcome the disadvantage of obtaining inpure product by recrystallization method. Epoxysuccinic Acid was synthesized using maleic anhydride as raw material, hydrogen peroxide as oxidizer and tungstate as catalyst. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, ratio of materials, dosage of oxidizer and catalyst on epoxidation and hydrolysis reaction was investigated. The results showed that the yield of epoxysuccinic acid was 88% when the reaction conditions were as follows: reaction temperature 65°C, reaction time 1.5h, catalyst dosage 3%(based on mass of maleic anhydride), molar ratio of sodium hydrate to maleic anhydride 2:1, mass ratio of hydrogen peroxide to maleic anhydride 1:1.

scholarly journals A Method of Synthesizing Lithium Hydroxide Nanoparticles Using Lithium Sulfate from Spent Batteries by 2-Step Precipitation Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-291
Author(s):  
Soyeong Joo ◽  
Hyun-Woo Shim ◽  
Jin-Ju Choi ◽  
Chan-Gi Lee ◽  
Dae-Guen Kim
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Lithium Hydroxide ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Lithium Sulfate ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Enhance Efficiency

In this work, LiOH was synthesized using highly soluble Li2SO4. To enhance efficiency, this synthesis was performed using the precipitation method, and the correlation between each experimental condition and the synthesis of LiOH was investigated. The particle size and crystalline properties were tailored by controlling various experimental conditions, including the mole ratio of [Li]/[OH](Li: lithium sulfate, OH: barium hydroxide), reaction temperature, and reaction time. First, precursors with a ratio of 1:0.5 were reacted for 60 min at a solution temperature of 40 oC and filtered to remove precipitates. For the double reaction, half the hydroxyl precursor was added to the filtered solution and reacted under the same conditions. Using two-step precipitation, we were able to synthesize powder with a pure LiOH phase, a particle mean size of 100 nm, and purity over 99%.

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