scholarly journals Realities and prospects of using green technologies in Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 07002
Author(s):  
Galiya Sansyzbayeva ◽  
Laura Ashirbekova ◽  
Kuralay Nurgaliyeva ◽  
Zhuldyz Ametova ◽  
Arailym Asanova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Innovative Approaches

The particular relevance of the study of issues related to global crises is determined by the fact that although they affect the whole of humanity as a whole, the least economically and socially protected layers of the population in the whole world suffer from their consequences. That is why the key concepts of a green economy are natural capital and the ecosystem services it provides. The main priorities of the green economy concept are to increase the well-being of society with minimal impact on the environment. The article discusses the theoretical aspects of the implementation of the concept of “green” economy in Kazakhstan. The main directions of the “green” economy are highlighted and the results of the transition to a green economy are analyzed. The main stages of development of green economy in Kazakhstan are described. The problems of Kazakhstan’s transition to a “green” course of economic development are studied and the need for innovative approaches in the development of green technologies in the country is substantiated.

scholarly journals A Framework for Green Growth and Socio-Economic Development in Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Negin Vaghefi ◽  
Chamhuri Siwar ◽  
Sarah Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Green Growth ◽  
Social Equality ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
The Social

The green growth or green economy concept presents opportunities for more inclusive growth while protecting the environment. Malaysia has experienced rapid economic growth with gross domestic product annual growth rate averaged 4.1% over the period of 2004-2013. However, the rapid economic development may lead to declining focus on social equality. In Malaysia, although poverty has been reduced in trend, it is still a challenging issue, especially in rural areas. Greening the economy could integrate the social equality, as a pillar of sustainable development, with economic and environmental priorities. Indeed, it may improve the human well-being while significantly reducing environmental scarcity. A green economy could help to indicate the value of natural capital as a provider of human well being and a source of new jobs. This paper attempts to discuss on how green economy could improve the livelihood security and poverty eradication in Malaysia. It also seeks to understand what a socially transition to a green economy may look like and key interventions needed to achieve it.

Challenges in the development of the geodiversity concept

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Brilha
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Well Being ◽  
University Education ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessments ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Nature Play ◽  
Development Goals

<p>The concept of geodiversity, despite being in use for almost 30 years, still has little impact on society. It is not easy to explain the reason for this dissociation, considering that the elements that constitute geodiversity are intrinsically part of nature, play an essential role in ecosystem services and, consequently, in human well-being.</p><p>During the last decade we have seen a great development in the interest of the geoscientific community in this subject, represented by the increase in the publication of papers and doctoral and master theses all over the world. One of the main challenges is now to transpose all this scientific knowledge into society. Obviously, theoretical and conceptual discussions about geodiversity are an integral part of science and must continue, but if we want that society recognizes the importance and value of geodiversity, we must be able to demonstrate clearly how geodiversity can help to solve some of the problems we face today.</p><p>Among other priorities, the geoscientific community has to be able to demonstrate in an structured way:</p><ul><li>The importance of geodiversity in implementing nature conservation actions and its direct relationship with biodiversity;</li> <li><span>The contribution of geodiversity for ecosystems restoration and its accounting as part of natural capital;</span></li> <li><span>The need to quantify the role of geodiversity in ecosystem services;</span></li> <li><span>The urgency of make environmental impact assessments including all possible effects that may affect geodiversity elements and processes;</span></li> <li><span>The importance of integrate the concept of geodiversity in pre-university education curricula;</span></li> <li><span>That the information and environmental interpretation provided to visitors of protected areas and other conservation areas should always include geodiversity.</span></li> </ul><p>Once the importance of geodiversity is fully recognized by policy-makers, managers, and the society in general, the fulfilment of the UN Sustainable Development Goals will be for sure closer than it is today.</p>

Ecosystem services

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 575-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion B. Potschin ◽  
Roy H. Haines-Young
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Puzzle Solving ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
Stocks And Flows ◽  
Change Impact

The ‘ecosystem service’ debate has taken on many features of a classic Kuhnian paradigm. It challenges conventional wisdoms about conservation and the value of nature, and is driven as much by political agendas as scientific ones. In this paper we review some current and emerging issues arising in relation to the analysis and assessment of ecosystem services, and in particular emphasize the need for physical geographers to find new ways of characterizing the structure and dynamics of service providing units. If robust and relevant valuations are to be made of the contribution that natural capital makes to human well-being, then we need a deeper understanding of the way in which the drivers of change impact on the marginal outputs of ecosystem services. A better understanding of the trade-offs that need to be considered when dealing with multifunctional ecosystems is also required. Future developments must include methods for describing and tracking the stocks and flows that characterize natural capital. This will support valuation of the benefits estimation of the level of reinvestment that society must make in this natural capital base if it is to be sustained. We argue that if the ecosystem service concept is to be used seriously as a framework for policy and management then the biophysical sciences generally, and physical geography in particular, must go beyond the uncritical ‘puzzle solving’ that characterizes recent work. A geographical perspective can provide important new, critical insights into the place-based approaches to ecosystem assessment that are now emerging.

Ecosystem Services

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon C. Braat
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Policy And Planning

The concept of ecosystem services considers the usefulness of nature for human society. The economic importance of nature was described and analyzed in the 18th century, but the term ecosystem services was introduced only in 1981. Since then it has spurred an increasing number of academic publications, international research projects, and policy studies. Now a subject of intense debate in the global scientific community, from the natural to social science domains, it is also used, developed, and customized in policy arenas and considered, if in a still somewhat skeptical and apprehensive way, in the “practice” domain—by nature management agencies, farmers, foresters, and corporate business. This process of bridging evident gaps between ecology and economics, and between nature conservation and economic development, has also been felt in the political arena, including in the United Nations and the European Union (which have placed it at the center of their nature conservation and sustainable use strategies). The concept involves the utilitarian framing of those functions of nature that are used by humans and considered beneficial to society as economic and social services. In this light, for example, the disappearance of biodiversity directly affects ecosystem functions that underpin critical services for human well-being. More generally, the concept can be defined in this manner: Ecosystem services are the direct and indirect contributions of ecosystems, in interaction with contributions from human society, to human well-being. The concept underpins four major discussions: (1) Academic: the ecological versus the economic dimensions of the goods and services that flow from ecosystems to the human economy; the challenge of integrating concepts and models across this paradigmatic divide; (2) Social: the risks versus benefits of bringing the utilitarian argument into political debates about nature conservation (Are ecosystem services good or bad for biodiversity and vice versa?); (3) Policy and planning: how to value the benefits from natural capital and ecosystem services (Will this improve decision-making on topics ranging from poverty alleviation via subsidies to farmers to planning of grey with green infrastructure to combining economic growth with nature conservation?); and (4) Practice: Can revenue come from smart management and sustainable use of ecosystems? Are there markets to be discovered and can businesses be created? How do taxes figure in an ecosystem-based economy? The outcomes of these discussions will both help to shape policy and planning of economies at global, national, and regional scales and contribute to the long-term survival and well-being of humanity.

scholarly journals Innovation and the growth of human population

2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1735) ◽  
pp. 20160415 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Weinberger ◽  
C. Quiñinao ◽  
P. A. Marquet
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Human Population ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
Positive Effects

Biodiversity is sustained by and is essential to the services that ecosystems provide. Different species would use these services in different ways, or adaptive strategies, which are sustained in time by continuous innovations. Using this framework, we postulate a model for a biological species ( Homo sapiens ) in a finite world where innovations, aimed at increasing the flux of ecosystem services (a measure of habitat quality), increase with population size, and have positive effects on the generation of new innovations (positive feedback) as well as costs in terms of negatively affecting the provision of ecosystem services. We applied this model to human populations, where technological innovations are driven by cumulative cultural evolution. Our model shows that depending on the net impact of a technology on the provision of ecosystem services ( θ ), and the strength of technological feedback ( ξ ), different regimes can result. Among them, the human population can fill the entire planet while maximizing their well-being, but not exhaust ecosystem services. However, this outcome requires positive or green technologies that increase the provision of ecosystem services with few negative externalities or environmental costs, and that have a strong positive feedback in generating new technologies of the same kind. If the feedback is small, then the technological stock can collapse together with the human population. Scenarios where technological innovations generate net negative impacts may be associated with a limited technological stock as well as a limited human population at equilibrium and the potential for collapse. The only way to fill the planet with humans under this scenario of negative technologies is by reducing the technological stock to a minimum. Otherwise, the only feasible equilibrium is associated with population collapse. Our model points out that technological innovations per se may not help humans to grow and dominate the planet. Instead, different possibilities unfold for our future depending on their impact on the environment and on further innovation. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Process and pattern in innovations from cells to societies’.

scholarly journals Green economy in the world and in Russia: preconditions and prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 07008
Author(s):  
Elvira Karieva ◽  
Liliya Akhmetshina ◽  
Angela Mottaeva
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
National Economies

A green economy supports the conservation of resources and reduces negative impacts on nature. The growth in the quality of human life “coexists” with the growth of natural capital, which ensures green growth. The aim of the study is to assess the state and substantiate the need for the development of a green economy in the world and in Russia in order to ensure intensification of efforts in the field of environmental protection, taking into account the positive impact on the development of national economies and the solution of social problems. The study made it possible to analyze the existing environmental problems and their impact on national economies, identify the prerequisites for the emergence of green technologies in the economy and the prospects for their implementation in the world and in Russia. As a result of the study, the initiatives of specialists for the development of the green economy in the world are identified, the provisions of the green course for the development of the Russian economy are presented.

scholarly journals Text Mining and Citation Network of Ecosystem Services Publications

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Malik Ar-Rahiem
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Text Mining ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Citation Network ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Bibliographic Coupling ◽  
Citation Network Analysis

Ecosystem Services is an important concept to achieve Sustainable Development Goals 2030. For the past 20 years, this concept has grown exponentially and the metadata of these publications can be considered as big data. A bibliometric analysis was conducted to Ecosystem Services publications from Web of Science database, which are text-mining analysis, bibliographic coupling, and citation network analysis. Text-mining analysis results were a cluster map of keywords representing the content of abstract and title from 4203 publications in the dataset. Bibliographic coupling analysis results were a cluster of documents which analyzed using natural language processing to extract the main idea of the documents. Using these two analysis insight about ecosystem services are obtained. Ecosystem services in general can be divided into 6 big clusters: economic assessment of ecosystem services as natural capital, ecosystem services assessment in term of accounting and management, biodiversity conservation in term of species richness, biodiversity conservation in term of human well-being, climate change and ecosystem services, and ecosystem services in urban area. Finally, citation network analysis was performed. 5700 publications consist of publications from the dataset and cited references from the publications were analyzed and 50 most influential articles from 1977 to 2018 with highest citation score was plotted in chronological order, providing insight on how the topic has been developing over time and important publications to be read. Bibliometric analysis proved to be very useful, especially as the preliminary step before conducting literature review. This technique can be very beneficial for early career scientists who wanted to recognize a field of science or wanted to know the research gaps that could be worked on.

Creating Wild Capital from the Ecosystem Services Model

Wild Capital ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 12-37
Author(s):  
Barbara K. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Endangered Species Act ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Opportunity Costs ◽  
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
A Value

By failing to assign nature value in our current Anthropocene, the opportunity costs of diminishing biodiversity are not recognized in the marketplace, leading to significant negative consequences for both nature and humanity. Polluting water, destroying habitats, or exterminating species should each lessen nature’s value, but if nature has never been assigned a value, that loss is not recognized and development becomes the default. The words “wild capital” remind us that nature should be viewed as an asset like any other, and that in doing so we are better equipped to appreciate its long-term worth. Since the ecosystem services model (ES) ties together the ecological, social, and economic needs of human well-being, it is well situated to assign nature value and from that make a case for nature as natural capital. To assist in policy decisions, ES has offered a path based on the language of economics, making it appealing to economists, while to conservationists, it has turned an argument about the negative effects of development on wildlife into a more fruitful dialogue about how beneficial conservation is for human well-being. ES is also compatible with efforts at sustainability and the goals of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) and 2005 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.

scholarly journals Valuing Forest Ecosystem Services. Why Is an Integrative Approach Needed?

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 677
Author(s):  
Gabriela Elena Baciu ◽  
Carmen Elena Dobrotă ◽  
Ecaterina Nicoleta Apostol
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Goods And Services

Among the many types of terrestrial ecosystems, forests have some of the highest levels of biodiversity; they also have many interdependent economic, ecological and social functions and provide ecosystem services. They supply a range of tangible, marketable goods, as well as a variety of nonmarketable and intangible services derived from various forest functions. These translate into social, cultural, health and scientific benefits for people’s quality of life. However, because they cannot be traded on a market, nonmarketable and intangible services are often perceived as free, inexhaustible and, as a result, underestimated. The human–nature interaction has affected both nature (via resource consumption) and society (via development of human welfare and well-being). Decision-makers, both public and private, often manage natural capital for multiple aims. In recent years it has been found that the single, individual approach estimating the value for these goods and services is not able to provide information that generates and supports decisions and policies in complex areas of current relevance such as the constant loss of biodiversity, climate change and global warming in close connection with the need for social development and ensuring an acceptable level of well-being for the greatest part of humanity. An integrated assessment with advanced techniques and methods using a pluralist framework of a heterogeneous set of values is considered a better approach to the valuation of such complex nature of the ecosystem goods and services. This assessment should take into account both costs and benefits trade-off issues among the multiple uses of ecosystem goods and/or services, especially the relationships between them and how they influence or determine the economic, social and cultural development of society. It should also consider the estimation of the complex inverse effect, from society to nature, whose goods and services can be diminished to exhaustion by the extensive and intensive anthropization of natural ecosystems with major impact on the number and quality of goods and services provided by ecosystems. Research has shown that applying an integrative assessment approach that utilizes tools developed by sustainability sciences could be an important component of future environmental policy making.

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