scholarly journals Study of ergot isolation from rye in an aqueous salt solution

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 06003
Author(s):  
Viktor Saitov ◽  
Vyacheslav Farafonov ◽  
Aleksey Saitov
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Aqueous Salt Solution ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Grain Losses

The aim of the research is to determine the effectiveness of ergot isolation and to estimate grain losses in waste when the cereal material is immersed in the stream material in water and an aqueous solution of salt of different densities ρzh from the specific grain load gsp. Practical experiments were carried out by feeding grain material of winter rye of Falenskaya 4 variety with a moisture content of 14% from a height of h = 60∙10-3 m into water and an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (NaCl) with a density of 1030, 1060, 1090, 1120, 1150 and 1180 kg/m3. The variation of the specific grain load gsp was carried out according to the values of 0.674; 1.469; 2,871; 4.449 and 7.221 kg/(s∙m), which corresponded to the opening of the outlet window of the bunker of the experimental setup 10.0; 15.0; 20.0; 25.0 and 30.0∙10-3 m. The temperature of ambient air, water and an aqueous solution of salt was 200C. It has been established that the density ρzh of an aqueous salt solution has a greater influence on the result of the technological process than the specific grain load gsp. At a density ρzh of the aqueous solution of the salt of 1150 kg/m3, there is a 100% emergence of ergot sclerotia on the surface of the solution, and the losses of the PZ grain to the waste do not exceed 2,52%, which corresponds to the agrotechnical requirements for the final grain cleaning machines.

scholarly journals Immersion of grains in a liquid along an inclined plane

2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 03016
Author(s):  
Viktor Saitov ◽  
Vyacheslav Farafonov ◽  
Aleksey Saitov ◽  
Rinat Gataullin
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Inclined Plate ◽  
Inclined Plane ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Combine Harvesters ◽  
Statistical Results ◽  
Sloping Bottom

Grain material delivered from combine harvesters to post-harvest processing points is a mixture of grain, weed and harmful impurities. Toxic ergot sclerotia are among the harmful impurities. Modern grain cleaning machines do not provide the separation of toxic ergot from grain material in one technological process. This is due to the closeness of the most toxic of ergot sclerotia and the of the grain. Ergot sclerotia are less dense than grain. Then the release of ergot from grain in one technological process is possible in an aqueous solution of salt. To develop a device for cleaning grain material by density in a liquid, practical experiments were carried out to supply grains of winter rye varieties Falenskaya 4 with a moisture content of 14% to an inclined plate placed in water. This plate mimicked the sloping bottom of an ergot seed separator. The statistical results of the experiments are presented by the distributions of the proportion of immersion of winter rye grains in water (ρzh = 1000 kg/m3) over the surface of the inclined plate from the angle α of its inclination to the horizon. It has been established that 100% immersion of the grains in water occurs at an angle of inclination of the plate of 60°. When developing a machine for the extraction of ergot from rye grain, the angle of inclination of the bath bottom must be taken at least 65° to the horizon for guaranteed immersion of grains in an aqueous solution of salt.

scholarly journals Droplet desorption modes at high heat flux

2019 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 00002
Author(s):  
Sergey Misyura ◽  
Anton Meleshkin
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Nucleate Boiling ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Droplet Surface ◽  
Aqueous Salt Solution ◽  
Heated Wall ◽  
High Heat Flux ◽  
Desorption Rate

Nonisothermal droplet desorption of aqueous salt solution H2O/LiBr during nucleate boiling was studied experimentally. A droplet was placed on a horizontal heated wall. The initial concentration of salt C0 = 25 %. The wall temperature Tw = 120 °C and ambient air pressure is 1 bar. Thermal images of the temperature field on the droplet surface show an extremely non-uniform temperature field. At nucleate boiling in LiBr salt solution it is incorrect to predict the desorption behavior in stationary approximation. It was previously believed that the rate of evaporation does not vary with time. For the first time it is shown that the desorption rate is divided into several characteristic time intervals. These intervals is characterized by a significant change in the desorption rate.

scholarly journals Theoretical Underpinnings of the Parameters of Device for Cleaning Grain from Ergot Sclerotia

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-376
Author(s):  
Viktor Е. Saitov ◽  
Vyacheslav G. Farafonov ◽  
Aleksey V. Saitov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Complete Separation ◽  
Aqueous Salt Solution ◽  
Hydrodynamic Resistance ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Minimum Height ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Surface Tension Forces

Introduction. The grain collected by a combine contains not only full-weight grain, but also weeds, including harmful ones, which include toxic ergot sclerotia. Existing grain cleaning machines cannot provide complete separation of toxic ergot sclerotia during a single technological process, because of the similarity of physical properties. A complete separation of ergot from grain in one technological process is possible by density using aqueous solutions of inorganic salts. Therefore, an urgent issue is the development of a machine for separating harmful impurities in a wet way. Materials and Methods. We consider the fall of grains of rye, wheat, barley and oats, which have a shape close to ellipsoidal, from the outlet of the loading hopper into a liquid with a density of 1.0; 1.05; 1.10 and 1.15 ∙ 103 kg/m3. Theoretical explorations were undertaken for grain density (1.2...1.5) ∙ 103 kg/m3, a length (5.0...10.0) ∙ 10–3 m, a width (1.4...3.6) ∙ 10–3 m and thickness (1.2...3.5) ∙ 10–3 m by mathematical modeling methods using the laws of mechanics and hydrodynamics. Results. For the development of a machine for a wet separation of harmful impurities, the height of the location of the outlet of the loading hopper relative to the surface of an aqueous salt solution was estimated. The formulas are obtained for determining the minimum height required to overcome the Archimedean ellipsoid grain force, surface tension forces and fluid hydrodynamic resistance, taking into account the law of conservation of energy. Discussion and Conclusion. It was found that the minimum height of the loading hopper outlet location relative to the liquid surface depends on the orientation of the grains at the moment of entering it, their linear dimensions and density, as well as the density of an aqueous salt solution. The height of the outlet of the loading hopper, necessary for guaranteed overcoming of the surface tension of the liquid by all grains, is 57.1 ∙ 10–3 m.

669. Steam distillation of taints from cream: III. Factors affecting rate of removal of the reference substances, diacetyl and acetoin

1957 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. McDowall
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Depressing Effect ◽  
Liquid Equilibrium ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Partition Equilibrium

1. The vapour/liquid equilibrium coefficient for diacetyl in 35–40% cream has been found to be of the order of 26–28, compared with 39·3 for water. In a 5% aqueous solution of lactose, equivalent to that present in milk and in cream serum, the coefficient was 30. The depression of the equilibrium coefficient by lactose in solution was shown to be independent of the concentration of diacetyl present in the liquid at time of partition, over the range 1–65 p.p.m.2. The slower rate of removal of diacetyl from cream, per unit weight of steam condensed as compared with its removal from water, was observed to be due mainly to this depressing effect of lactose on the equilibrium coefficient; but there was some evidence that delay in re-establishment of the solubility partition equilibrium as between butterfat and cream serum also contributed to the lowering of the equilibrium coefficient for diacetyl in cream as measured in the laboratory continuous vaporization equilibrium still.3. Sodium chloride in the solution caused a rise in the equilibrium coefficient for diacetyl from the value of 39·3 for water to about 69 for a 10% salt solution and 82 for a 20% salt solution.4. Lactose had no effect on the equilibrium coefficient for acetoin, but salt caused a rise from 1·29 for water to approximately 1·75 for a 10% salt solution.5. The possible effect of lactose on the effectiveness of steam in cream deodorization equipment is referred to.

scholarly journals Análisis experimental de la difusión salina durante la desalación por congelación

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Beatriz Castillo-Téllez ◽  
Margarita Castillo-Téllez ◽  
Erick César López-Vidaña ◽  
Gerardo Alberto Mejía-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Thermal Desalination ◽  
Different Temperatures

The consequences on health and low life quality caused by the problem of water scarcity, as well as the interrelation between energy and water supply, call attention to water desalination by Freezing Melting (F/M), which is a well-known technique but unfortunately, not used for this application, which is considered the most sustainable, in terms of its lower energy demand compared with commercial desalination techniques (about 70% less than thermal desalination). However, it presents some problems regarding the saline trapping in the ice, therefore, in this work, an experimental analysis is carried out to achieve a better understanding of the saline displacement, using an aqueous solution of sodium chloride, frozen at different temperatures, and configurations containers, with a F/M progressive desalination. It has been found that, at a freezing temperature of 8oC, it is possible to purify up to an average of 78.12% of the frozen salt solution, obtaining an easy-to-separate brine.

scholarly journals Evaluation o Different Starter Cultures in Dry Salami

2021 ◽  
Vol 14(63) (2) ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
Mirabela I. LUPU ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Starter Culture ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Starter Cultures

The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the influence of starter culture (fast and slow) on the technological process and the quality of dried salami. For each finished product were made the same analyzes: the fat content, protein, sodium chloride content, nitrite and moisture content. Following the experimental research, it was found that for slow culture, higher values were obtained in the case of protein content (15.2%) and salt content (2.98%). In the case of fast culture, higher values were obtained for the following properties: moisture (38.32%), fat (29.57%) and nitrites (5.42 ppm). The evolution of the pH every 24 hours in the first 7 days was also monitored, and it can be notice that after 6 days the pH reached the same value for both cultures (6.9) although initially in the case of slow starter cultures the pH was slightly higher.

Solution Properties of Cationic Polyacrylamide Modified with Fluorinated Methacrylate

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 204-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Jia Xue ◽  
Xiao Rui Li ◽  
Xiao Juan Lai
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Trimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Solution Properties ◽  
Huggins Constant ◽  
Micellar Copolymerization

Cationic polyacrylamides modified with fluorinated methacrylate (FPAM) were prepared with acrylamide, dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (DFM) and methacryloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride by free radical micellar copolymerization. The solution properties of FPAM were investigated. The results show that there are strong hydrophobic associations in the FPAM aqueous solution. The intrinsic viscosity decreases and Huggins constant increases with the increase of DFM content. The apparent viscosity of FPAM solution increases with increasing the FPAM concentration both in water and salt solution. There are maximum values of the apparent viscosity of FPAM with addition of sodium chloride, CTAB and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), respectively. Additionally, the FPAM has higher surface activity in salt solution than in water.

DETERMINATION OF TRACE AMOUNTS OF SILVER IN GALENA ORES

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1488-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Bounsall ◽  
W. A. E. McBryde
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Silver Content ◽  
Aqueous Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Aqueous Sodium

An analytical method is described for the determination of microgram amounts of silver in galena ores, based on the "reversion" of silver dithizonate. Silver is separated from relatively large amounts of lead by extraction as dithizonate into chloroform from an aqueous 1:99 nitric acid solution. Separation from mercury, which is also extracted under these conditions and would, if present, interfere in the analysis, is achieved by reverting the dithizonate solution with a 5% aqueous sodium chloride solution which is also 0.015 molar in hydrochloric acid. Following dilution of this aqueous solution and adjustment of pH, silver is again extracted into chloroform as the dithizonate, and determined absorptiometrically. Analyses of a number of galena ore samples showed a precision of within 3% for a silver content ranging from 0.03 to 0.4%.Some other methods for isolating silver from these samples, which were tried but found unsatisfactory, are discussed.

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