scholarly journals Low Carbon Exploration in Urban Revitalization in Yangzhou Old City Project

2020 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 04015
Author(s):  
Longbin Zhu ◽  
Hongyan Xiang ◽  
Qiaoli Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
Transportation Energy ◽  
Community Project ◽  
Architectural Styles ◽  
Old City ◽  
Sustainable Conservation

Low-carbon and ecological city and sustainable conservation of historic urban areas are issues that need to be addressed in current urban development in China. Based on the principles of community participation, local adaptive technology and cost-benefit balance, Nanhexia Low-carbon Community Project in Yangzhou proposed holistic strategies and solutions to achieve low-carbon community by means of low-carbon planning, low-carbon transportation, energy efficiency of building, low-carbon behavior, and greening in open space. The project innovatively integrated low carbon concepts into regeneration of old city, combined traditional architectural styles with modern green technologies, and won the first platinum award of LEED Homes in China. The experience of the project may provide reference for the regeneration of other communities or other similar projects in old cities.

scholarly journals CARBON SEQUESTRATION THROUGH URBAN GREEN RESERVE AND OPEN SPACE

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alamah Misni ◽  
Sakurah Jamaluddin ◽  
Siti Mazwin Kamaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Carbon Reduction

The world is experiencing rapid development and urbanisation of urban areas that cause an increase in the carbon emission which contributes to greenhouse gasses and global warming. The environment has been declining for the past few years while extreme weather has impacted some urban areas in Malaysia. In 2009, the Malaysian government pledged to achieve up to 40% voluntary reduction in carbon emission intensity by 2020. Now it is time to move forward by proposing the green and low-carbon way to offset carbon emission from both planning and landscaping perspectives. This research demonstrates how urban green reserves, being a vital land use component in the urban area, is effective in carbon sequestration to absorb and store carbon emission for an extended term. Through the natural process of photosynthesis, mature trees planted in urban green reserve and open space can act as a carbon sink. This research computes the volume of carbon sequestration of trees planted in urban green reserve and the open space within the study area. Through this study, the accurate allometric relationship for the total above-ground biomass with the tree diameter and height was developed to estimate the rate of carbon sequestration in Pasir Gudang. The results based on mature trees inventory revealed that the total amount of carbon sequestration contributed by both urban green reserve and open space were 2,238.183 tons of carbon per year. Within the design parameters of the case study area, the total contribution of carbon reduction was merely 3.15% per year compared to the target of 10% carbon reduction via carbon sequestration. The total balance of carbon reduction that needs to be offset via carbon sequestration is 6.85%. Therefore, there is a need to provide smart planning and consolidating of low carbon initiatives to increase the contribution of carbon sequestration for a healthier environment in the urban area.

scholarly journals Implications of Low Carbon City Sustainability Strategies for 2050

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Harris ◽  
Jan Weinzettel ◽  
Gregor Levin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Spatial Modelling ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Sustainability Indicator ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Sustainability Strategies ◽  
Per Capita

Cities and urban areas are critical nodes of societal resource flows, responsible for both global and local sustainability implications. They are complex systems and understanding the implications of potential actions by cities is critical for progress towards sustainability. In this paper the future implications of sustainability strategies are assessed for 10 European cities by comparing two scenarios for 2050: a business-as-usual (BAU) and a post-carbon/sustainability scenario (PC2050) (generated by city stakeholders). The effects of the scenarios are assessed using a mixed methodology: a semi-quantitative sustainability indicator analysis, energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (both production-based and consumption-based accounting (PBA and CBA)), land-use spatial modelling, and cost–benefit analysis. The paper highlights the clear benefits of PC2050 with improved sustainability indicator results, reduced land sprawl (which averages 16% in BAU) and positive cost–benefit results. Nonetheless, inequality and segregation are a common concern. In addition, whilst PBA indicates a significant decrease (average decrease from 4.7 to 1.3 tCO2eq per capita) CBA demonstrates rising overall emissions from an average of 11 to 14.8 tCO2eq per capita. This is linked to rising affluence and consumption trends despite local improvements in GHG emissions, which highlights a need for cities to address consumption-based emissions.

scholarly journals CARBON SEQUESTRATION THROUGH URBAN GREEN RESERVE AND OPEN SPACE

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alamah Misni ◽  
Sakurah Jamaluddin ◽  
Siti Mazwin Kamaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Carbon Reduction

The world is experiencing rapid development and urbanisation of urban areas that cause an increase in the carbon emission which contributes to greenhouse gasses and global warming. The environment has been declining for the past few years while extreme weather has impacted some urban areas in Malaysia. In 2009, the Malaysian government pledged to achieve up to 40% voluntary reduction in carbon emission intensity by 2020. Now it is time to move forward by proposing the green and low-carbon way to offset carbon emission from both planning and landscaping perspectives. This research demonstrates how urban green reserves, being a vital land use component in the urban area, is effective in carbon sequestration to absorb and store carbon emission for an extended term. Through the natural process of photosynthesis, mature trees planted in urban green reserve and open space can act as a carbon sink. This research computes the volume of carbon sequestration of trees planted in urban green reserve and the open space within the study area. Through this study, the accurate allometric relationship for the total above-ground biomass with the tree diameter and height was developed to estimate the rate of carbon sequestration in Pasir Gudang. The results based on mature trees inventory revealed that the total amount of carbon sequestration contributed by both urban green reserve and open space were 2,238.183 tons of carbon per year. Within the design parameters of the case study area, the total contribution of carbon reduction was merely 3.15% per year compared to the target of 10% carbon reduction via carbon sequestration. The total balance of carbon reduction that needs to be offset via carbon sequestration is 6.85%. Therefore, there is a need to provide smart planning and consolidating of low carbon initiatives to increase the contribution of carbon sequestration for a healthier environment in the urban area.

scholarly journals Challenges and Barriers for Net‐Zero/Positive Energy Buildings and Districts—Empirical Evidence from the Smart City Project SPARCS

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Daria Uspenskaia ◽  
Karl Specht ◽  
Hendrik Kondziella ◽  
Thomas Bruckner
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Multidimensional Representation

Without decarbonizing cities energy and climate objectives cannot be achieved as cities account for approximately two thirds of energy consumption and emissions. This goal of decarbonizing cities has to be facilitated by promoting net-zero/positive energy buildings and districts and replicating them, driving cities towards sustainability goals. Many projects in smart cities demonstrate novel and groundbreaking low-carbon solutions in demonstration and lighthouse projects. However, as the historical, geographic, political, social and economic context of urban areas vary greatly, it is not always easy to repeat the solution in another city or even district. It is therefore important to look for the opportunities to scale up or repeat successful pilots. The purpose of this paper is to explore common trends in technologies and replication strategies for positive energy buildings or districts in smart city projects, based on the practical experience from a case study in Leipzig—one of the lighthouse cities in the project SPARCS. One of the key findings the paper has proven is the necessity of a profound replication modelling to deepen the understanding of upscaling processes. Three models analyzed in this article are able to provide a multidimensional representation of the solution to be replicated.

scholarly journals Cost of groundwater protection: major groundwater basin protection zones in Poland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Krogulec ◽  
Jacek Gurwin ◽  
Mirosław Wąsik
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Groundwater Protection ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Protection Zones ◽  
Groundwater Basins ◽  
The Cost

AbstractThis paper describes the complex hydrogeological, legal framework and socioeconomic costs of the groundwater protection in major groundwater basins (MGBs) in Poland in accordance with European directives. The hydrogeological criteria developed in Poland for establishing MGBs and the principles of their protection provide more details to the directives that are in force in Europe, which define the general principles for groundwater protection. The procedure of establishing MGB protection zones is connected with a change in local plans and land development and requires an analysis of the cost–benefit relationship in the sphere of social economy in the sector of public economics. The cost assessment was performed on the basis of data from hydrogeological documentations, and the aggregation of subareas to which the same existing and planned development can be attributed. A legal analysis of bans, orders and restrictions together with the identification of the risk of claims in specific hydrogeological and development conditions was a fundamental issue of research. These costs depend on the acreage and land use of the protected area. The unit costs of MGB protection, calculated per 1 km2 of the protection area, for six sample basins were estimated at €120 to €208,000/2 years/1 km2. The highest costs are generated by establishing protection in urban areas, while the lowest costs are generated in forest areas.

Laser Forming for Flexible Fabrication

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 97-109
Author(s):  
Koichi Masubuchi ◽  
Jerry E. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Network Models ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Laser Forming ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Flat Plates ◽  
Neural Network Models

A 36-month program supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) was conducted to demonstrate the feasibility to predictably laser form a variety of ferrous and non-ferrous metals of different thickness. Laser forming provides a method of producing complex shapes in sheet, plate, and tubing without the use of tooling, molds, or dies. By heating a localized area with a laser beam, it is possible to create stress states that result in predictable deformation. This research program has developed, refined and demonstrated constitutive and empirical, and neural network models to predict deformation as a function of critical parametric variables and established an understanding of the effect of laser forming on some metallurgical properties of materials. The program was organized into two, time-phased tasks. The first task involved forming flat plates to one-dimensional (I -D) shapes, such as, hinge bends in various materials including low-carbon steel, high-strength steels, nickel-based super alloys, and aluminum alloys. The second task expanded the work conducted in the first task to investigate three-dimensional (3-D) configurations. The models were updated, 3-D specimens fabricated and evaluated, and cost benefit analyses were performed.

scholarly journals A critical knowledge pathway to low‐carbon, sustainable futures: Integrated understanding of urbanization, urban areas, and carbon

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 515-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Romero‐Lankao ◽  
Kevin R. Gurney ◽  
Karen C. Seto ◽  
Mikhail Chester ◽  
Riley M. Duren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Critical Knowledge ◽  
Sustainable Futures

scholarly journals Model Cities for Resilience: Climate-led Initiatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Didem Gunes Yilmaz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Sustainable Cities ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Urban Water Management ◽  
Model Cities ◽  
Taking Action ◽  
Change Mitigation

Paris Agreement of December 2015 was the last official initiative led by the United Nations (UN) as the driver of climate change mitigation. Climate change was hence linked with an increase in the occurrence of natural hazards. A variety of initiatives were consequently adopted under different themes such as sustainable cities, climate-friendly development and low-carbon cities. However, most of the initiatives targeted by global cities with urban areas being the focus in terms of taking action against global warming issues. This is due to the structural and environmental features of cities characterized by being populated, as such, they not only generate a large number of carbon emissions but also happens to be the biggest consumer of natural resources. In turn, they create a microclimate, which contributes to climate change. Masdar City, for example, was designed as the first fully sustainable urban area, which replaced fuel-based energy with the electric-based energy. China, as another example, introduced the Sponge Cities action, a method of urban water management to mitigate against flooding. Consequently, architects and urban planners are urged to conform to the proposals that would mitigate global warming. This paper, as a result, examines some of the models that have been internationally adopted and thereafter provide the recommendations that can be implemented in large urban areas in Turkey, primarily in Istanbul.

scholarly journals EKSISTENSI RUANG TERBUKA PADA LINGKUNGAN PERMUKIMAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Eva Elviana ◽  
Diyan Lesmana
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Public Facility ◽  
Current Development ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Joint Activities ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Karo Batak

The housing environment that appears in many urban areas today, is available in the form of real estate and in the form of simple housing. The existence of these houses is equipped with supporting infrastructure. One of them is the availability of open space as a public facility, which can be utilized by all residents of housing. If you look at the historical aspects of past traditional settlements, such as the Tanean Lanjang Madura settlement, the Samin Bojonegoro Community Village, the Sumatra Karo Batak Village, and so on, it is found that there is open space as a public space. Where the function and role of open space are used for joint activities, gathering places and socializing, as well as the center of orientation of several groups of houses, so that the location tends to be in the center. The purpose of this study is to see the existence of open space of traditional settlements (past) and present. As well as analyzing the activities carried out by the pas community and its current development. By using the method of field observation (observation) and qualitative descriptive analysis, the results show that the existence of open space in the present, such as in residential or residential groups, still exists. If in the past traditional settlements, the existence of open spaces was used as a means to gather and socialize, then in its current development, open space could be used as a means of playing and exercising for children, recreational activities (gathering on holidays), supported economic activities (traders who sell), as well as a means of worship (Eid al-Fitr / Eid al-Adha). This shows the development and diversity of functions and activities in the open space, so that its utilization can increase economic values, religious values and other social values.

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