scholarly journals Control of aquifer weathering degree to the groundwater chemical composition in Wates Coastal Aquifer, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 02005
Author(s):  
Heru Hendrayana ◽  
Phyu Phyu Thin ◽  
Wahyu Wilopo ◽  
Satoru Kawasaki
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Coastal Aquifer ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Groundwater Chemistry ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Weathering Degree ◽  
Chemical Index ◽  
Silicate Dissolution ◽  
Chemical Index Of Alteration

The studied coastal aquifer has been encountered a complex hydrochemical evolution. Interesting aspect is the occurrence of groundwater facies with different water chemistries in close proximity to each other. Water salinity is reported from local parts away from shore. This research was conducted for assessment of aquifer weathering and its control on groundwater chemistry. An investigation of major ions in 27 water samples was performed with geostatistics, graphical method, mineral saturation index and mass balance transport to identify the groundwater evolution. Geochemical analysis of sediments was made of 8 samples, to estimate the weathering degree using chemical index of alteration and chemical index of weathering. Silicate dissolution was promoted by low weathering, which was reflected in low ions dominated by calcium and bicarbonate in fresh water. It leaded to fine sands. Silts were dominant under moderate weathering. Sodium and calcium were higher than fresh water. Bicarbonate was still highest concentration. Main water was the mixed type which was indicated by moderate ions. Clays were formed by high weathering. Water salinity with highest dissolved solids was caused by halite dissolution and calcium adsorption on clays. Overall, groundwater chemistry in the study area is locally characterized by prevailing lithology in grouping patterns.

PROVENANCE, TEXTURE, AND RELATIVE AGE CONTROLS ON THE CHEMICAL INDEX OF ALTERATION (CIA) IN PLEISTOCENE TILLS, MINNESOTA USA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad Wittkop ◽  
◽  
Christian Piper ◽  
Julie K. Bartley ◽  
Russell Krueger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Age ◽  
Chemical Index ◽  
Chemical Index Of Alteration

scholarly journals Provenance of sediments from Barra del Tordo and Tesoro beaches, Tamaulipas State, northwestern Gulf of Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayla A. Ramos-Vázquez ◽  
John S. Armstrong-Altrin
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Detrital Zircons ◽  
Sediment Provenance ◽  
Geochemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Index ◽  
Beach Sediments ◽  
Chemical Index Of Alteration ◽  
Ree Patterns

AbstractThe mineralogy, bulk sediment geochemical composition, and U–Pb ages of detrital zircons retrieved from the Barra del Tordo (Tordo) and Tesoro beach sediments in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico were analyzed to determine their provenance. The beach sediments are mainly composed of quartz, ilmenite, magnetite, titanite, zircon, and anorthite. The weathering proxies such as the Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA), Chemical Index of Weathering (CIW), and Plagioclase Index of Alteration (PIA), reveal a moderate-to-high intensity of weathering in the source area. The chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns are similar to felsic igneous rocks, with large negative europium anomaly (Eu/Eu* = ~ 0.47–0.80 and ~ 0.57–0.67 in the Tordo and Tesoro beach sediments, respectively).Three major zircon U–Pb age groups are identified in the Tordo and Tesoro beach sediments, i.e., Proterozoic (~ 2039–595 Ma), Mesozoic (~ 244–70.3 Ma), and Cenozoic (~ 65.9–1.2 Ma). The differences of the zircon age spectrum between the Tordo and Tesoro beach sediments are not significant. The comparison of zircon U–Pb ages in this study with ages of potential source terranes suggests that the Mesozoic and Cenozoic zircons of the studied Tordo and Tesoro beach sediments were derived from the Eastern Alkaline Province (EAP) and Mesa Central Province (MCP). Similarly, the likely sources for the Proterozoic zircons were the Sierra Madre Oriental (SMOr) and Oaxaquia in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. The results of this study further indicate that the sediments delivered to the beaches by rivers and redistributed by longshore currents were crucial in determining the sediment provenance.

scholarly journals X-RAY FLUORESCENCE AND STABLE ISOTOPES ANALYSES OF IKPESHI MARBLE, SOUTH SOUTHERN NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Phillips Reuben Ikhane ◽  
Olalekan Olayiwola Oyebolu ◽  
Afolabi Omotayo Alaka
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Dolomitic Marble ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Humid Condition ◽  
Major Oxides ◽  
Chemical Index ◽  
Isotopic Analyses ◽  
Chemical Index Of Alteration

Integration of X-ray fluor escence and stable isotope spectrometric techniques for quality assessment and provenance study of exposed marble deposit at Fakunle Quarry, Ikpeshi, South Western Nigeria constitute the fundamental aims of this research. Fourteen fresh (14) marble samples obtained at different localities within the quarry were subjected to geochemical and isotopic analyses to ascertain the quantitative abundance of major oxides and stable isotopes using X-Ray Fluorescence and Thermo Fisher mass spectrometer respectively. The major oxides revealed by XRF analysis of the marble samples are CaO, MgO, SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 and Na2O with percentage composition ranging between 11.66 – 13.25, 7.75 – 9.65, 41.36 – 47.55, 12.36 – 15.23, 7.79 – 10.55 and 1.44 – 1.75respectively. Na2O + K2O value ranges between 1.48 and 1.78.The classification of marble in relation to percentage of calcite-dolomite indicate a percentage range of -5 to 4% and 93-103% for Calcite and Dolomite respectively. Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) ranges from 45.16 to 51.59 % and Chemical Index of Weathering (CIW) ranges from 46.19 to 52.30 %. Stable isotope ( ? –180) of marble ranges from -10.50 to -7.00 with a corresponding value from 25.50 to 55.33.Interpretation of the overall results indicates an impure quartz-rich dolomitic marble; metamorphosed from a low carbonate sedimentary/meta sedimentary protolith which shallowly precipitated within a passive marginal marine environment under humid condition. The high silica impurity can however be attributed to the inordinate influx of terrigenous sediments during the precipitation process. Weathering effect is minimal on the marble deposit. Conclusively, strong correlation is apparent between the obtained geochemical result and the basement geology of the study area.

Variation of chemical index of alteration (CIA) in the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation and its environmental implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 347 ◽  
pp. 105829
Author(s):  
Can Chen ◽  
Jiasheng Wang ◽  
Zhou Wang ◽  
Yongbo Peng ◽  
Xiaohong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Doushantuo Formation ◽  
Chemical Index ◽  
Chemical Index Of Alteration

scholarly journals Hydrochemical characteristics and water quality evaluation of shallow groundwater in Suxian mining area, Huaibei coalfield, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-835
Author(s):  
Hao Yu ◽  
Herong Gui ◽  
Honghai Zhao ◽  
Meichen Wang ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Water Quality Evaluation ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Silicate Dissolution ◽  
Huaibei Coalfield ◽  
Main Factor

AbstractThe aim of this study is to evaluate the hydrogeochemical characteristics and water environmental quality of shallow groundwater in the Suxian mining area of Huaibei coalfield, China. The natural formation process of shallow groundwater in Suxian is explored using Piper trilinear charts and Gibbs diagrams, and by examining the ratios between the major ions. United States Salinity Laboratory (USSL) charts, Wilcox diagrams, and the water quality index (WQI) are further employed to quantify the differences in water quality. The results reveal that the main hydrochemical facies of groundwater are HCO3–Ca, and that silicate dissolution is the main factor controlling the ion content in shallow groundwater. The USSL charts and Wilcox diagrams show that most of the water samples would be acceptable for use in irrigation systems. The WQI results for each water sample are compared and analyzed, and the quality of groundwater samples around collapse ponds is found to be relatively poor.

scholarly journals Short Term Effects of Salinization on Compound Release from Drained and Restored Coastal Wetlands

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haojie Liu ◽  
Bernd Lennartz
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Coastal Wetlands ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Retardation Factor ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Flow Through

Over the past two decades, great efforts have been made to restore coastal wetlands through the removal of dikes, but challenges remain because the effects of flooding with saline water on water quality are unknown. We collected soil samples from two adjacent coastal fen peatlands, one drained and diked, the other open to the sea and rewetted, aiming at assessing the mobility and export of various compounds. Microcosm experiments with constant flow-through conditions were conducted to determine the effluent concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ammonium ( NH 4 + ), and phosphate ( PO 4 3 − ) during saline–fresh water cycles. Sodium chloride (NaCl) was used to adjust salinity (saline water, NaCl concentration of 0.12 mol L−1; fresh water, NaCl concentration of 0.008 mol L−1) and served as a tracer. A model analysis of the obtained chloride ( Cl − ) and sodium ( Na + ) breakthrough curves indicated that peat soils have a dual porosity structure. Sodium was retarded in peat soils with a retardation factor of 1.4 ± 0.2 due to adsorption. The leaching tests revealed that water salinity has a large impact on DOC, NH 4 + , and PO 4 3 − release. The concentrations of DOC in the effluent decreased with increasing water salinity because the combination of high ionic strength (NaCl concentration of 0.12 mol L−1) and low pH (3.5 to 4.5) caused a solubility reduction. On the contrary, saline water enhanced NH 4 + release through cation exchange processes. The PO 4 3 − concentrations, however, decreased in the effluent with increasing water salinity. Overall, the decommissioning of dikes at coastal wetlands and the flooding of once drained and agriculturally used sites increase the risk that especially nitrogen may be leached at higher rates to the sea.

Which role do preferential flowpaths and fractures play in the subsurface reactivity in heterogeneous aquifers?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Bouchez ◽  
Nicolas Lavenant ◽  
Julien Farasin ◽  
Thierry Labasque ◽  
Ivan Osorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Mean Transit Time ◽  
Fracture Network ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Fractured Aquifer ◽  
Preferential Flowpaths

<p>The underground fracture pattern, which results from tectonic, climatic and biological stresses, drives water storage dynamic and nutrient cycling in the deep critical zone. Despite a gradual decrease of fracture density with depth, the fracture network is strongly heterogeneous and anisotropic, resulting in a complex pathway distribution with variable hydraulic conductivities. High celerities occurring in preferential flowpaths govern the dynamic response of discharge flows to extreme recharge events. However, the role of preferential flowpaths in transporting fresh meteoritic water and biota remains poorly studied, while the delivery of meteoritic reactants is crucial to initiate underground chemical reactions.</p><p>Here, we study a fractured aquifer in a crystalline catchment located in Brittany (Guidel, France) to investigate the link between depth, water transit time and subsurface reactivity in fractures. Oxygen is used as a tracer of fresh water inputs because its availability has a tremendous impact on oxidation-driven reactions such as weathering processes and microbial activity. We performed vertically sampling of fracture fluid with an inflatable packer capable of isolating fractures in an artesian well located in the discharge chemically-reduced zone of the aquifer. Major ions, dissolved reactive gases, dissolved anthropogenic gases, stable isotopes (O, Sr and Si) and microbial diversity were analysed on five fracture waters sampled at depth between 20 and 55 m. Significant differences have been observed between fractures and younger and more oxygenated waters were found intermittently in fractures at 47 and 54m, with dissolved oxygen concentrations ranging between 0.1 and 0.5 mg/L. The penetration of oxygen in deep fractures reveals either a rapid transport of oxygen or a low consumption of oxygen in preferential flowpaths. These hypotheses are tested with a Discrete Fracture Network model, where first-order reaction rates have been implemented, and the temporal dynamic of oxygen is assessed and linked to water transit time in fractures. We investigate the concept of transit time and water-rock contact time and discuss the relevance of mean transit time to evaluate subsurface reactivity.</p><p>Preferential flowpaths thus not only make fractured aquifers more dynamic but can also, under extreme recharge conditions, efficiently transport fresh water at high depth. The advective-dominant transport of oxygen through artery-like fractures could have a significant impact on short term microbial activity and the associated nutrient cycling but also on long term weathering front propagation.</p>

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