scholarly journals Experimental Study on Gas Breakthrough Prevention by Flue Gas Drive

2020 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 02022
Author(s):  
Ping Guo ◽  
Shiyong Hu ◽  
Yisheng Hu ◽  
Qijian Ding
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Gas Injection ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
High Permeability ◽  
Sweep Efficiency ◽  
Water Alternating Gas ◽  
Vertical Heterogeneity ◽  
Profile Control ◽  
Gas Flooding ◽  
Gas Drive

The heterogeneity of glutenite reservoir is serious, and breakthrough is easy to occur in the process of water drive and gas drive, which reduces the sweep efficiency. The serious vertical heterogeneity in the H well area of Xinjiang oilfield led to the rapid gas breakthrough during gas injection test. Water alternating gas flooding and foam profile control are often used to seal breakthrough. In this paper, based on the actual reservoir characteristics, vertical heterogeneous planar model is made for flooding experiment. The experimental results show that after gas breakthrough caused by water alternating gas flooding, the flue gas foam can effectively block the high permeability layer and develop the low permeability layer, improve the sweep efficiency and recovery percent, and provide reference for the development adjustment of actual reservoir after gas breakthrough.

scholarly journals Enhanced oil recovery ability of branched preformed particle gel in heterogeneous reservoirs

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Yu ◽  
Qian Sang ◽  
Mingzhe Dong
Keyword(s):  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
High Permeability ◽  
Sweep Efficiency ◽  
Reservoir Heterogeneity ◽  
Heterogeneous Reservoirs ◽  
Preformed Particle Gel ◽  
Profile Control

Reservoir heterogeneity is the main cause of high water production and low oil recovery in oilfields. Extreme heterogeneity results in a serious fingering phenomenon of the displacing fluid in high permeability channels. To enhance total oil recovery, the selective plugging of high permeability zones and the resulting improvement of sweep efficiency of the displacing fluids in low permeability areas are important. Recently, a Branched Preformed Particle Gel (B-PPG) was developed to improve reservoir heterogeneity and enhance oil recovery. In this work, conformance control performance and Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) ability of B-PPG in heterogeneous reservoirs were systematically investigated, using heterogeneous dual sandpack flooding experiments. The results show that B-PPG can effectively plug the high permeability sandpacks and cause displacing fluid to divert to the low permeability sandpacks. The water injection profile could be significantly improved by B-PPG treatment. B-PPG exhibits good performance in profile control when the high/low permeability ratio of the heterogeneous dual sandpacks is less than 7 and the injected B-PPG slug size is between 0.25 and 1.0 PV. The oil recovery increment enhanced by B-PPG after initial water flooding increases with the increase in temperature, sandpack heterogeneity and injected B-PPG slug size, and it decreases slightly with the increase of simulated formation brine salinity. Choosing an appropriate B-PPG concentration is important for B-PPG treatments in oilfield applications. B-PPG is an efficient flow diversion agent, it can significantly increase sweep efficiency of displacing fluid in low permeability areas, which is beneficial to enhanced oil recovery in heterogeneous reservoirs.

The Mechanism of Flue Gas Injection for Enhanced Light Oil Recovery

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. S. Shokoya ◽  
S. A. (Raj) Mehta ◽  
R. G. Moore ◽  
B. B. Maini ◽  
M. Pooladi-Darvish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Gas Injection ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Air Injection ◽  
Oil Reservoirs ◽  
Flue Gases ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Light Oil ◽  
Light Oil Reservoirs

Flue gas injection into light oil reservoirs could be a cost-effective gas displacement method for enhanced oil recovery, especially in low porosity and low permeability reservoirs. The flue gas could be generated in situ as obtained from the spontaneous ignition of oil when air is injected into a high temperature reservoir, or injected directly into the reservoir from some surface source. When operating at high pressures commonly found in deep light oil reservoirs, the flue gas may become miscible or near–miscible with the reservoir oil, thereby displacing it more efficiently than an immiscible gas flood. Some successful high pressure air injection (HPAI) projects have been reported in low permeability and low porosity light oil reservoirs. Spontaneous oil ignition was reported in some of these projects, at least from laboratory experiments; however, the mechanism by which the generated flue gas displaces the oil has not been discussed in clear terms in the literature. An experimental investigation was carried out to study the mechanism by which flue gases displace light oil at a reservoir temperature of 116°C and typical reservoir pressures ranging from 27.63 MPa to 46.06 MPa. The results showed that the flue gases displaced the oil in a forward contacting process resembling a combined vaporizing and condensing multi-contact gas drive mechanism. The flue gases also became near-miscible with the oil at elevated pressures, an indication that high pressure flue gas (or air) injection is a cost-effective process for enhanced recovery of light oils, compared to rich gas or water injection, with the potential of sequestering carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.

scholarly journals Minimum miscibility pressure computation in eor by flare gas flooding

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Tjokorde Walmiki Samadhi ◽  
Utjok W.R. Siagian ◽  
Angga P Budiono
Keyword(s):  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Gas Injection ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Co2 Injection ◽  
Co2 Flooding ◽  
Minimum Miscibility Pressure ◽  
Gas Flooding ◽  
Model Oil ◽  
Gas Drive

The technical feasibility of using flare gas in the miscible gas flooding enhanced oil recovery (MGF-EOR) is evaluated by comparing the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) obtained using flare gas to the MMP obtained in the conventional CO2 flooding. The MMP is estimated by the multiple mixing cell calculation method with the Peng-Robinson equation of state using a binary nC5H12-nC16H34 mixture at a 43%:57% molar ratio as a model oil. At a temperature of 323.15 K, the MMP in CO2 injection is estimated at 9.78 MPa. The MMP obtained when a flare gas consisting of CH4 and C2H6 at a molar ratio of 91%:9% is used as the injection gas is predicted to be 3.66 times higher than the CO2 injection case. The complete gas-oil miscibility in CO2 injection occurs via the vaporizing gas drive mechanism, while flare gas injection shifts the miscibility development mechanism to the combined vaporizing / condensing gas drive. Impact of variations in the composition of the flare gas on MMP needs to be further explored to confirm the feasibility of flare gas injection in MGF-EOR processes. Keywords: flare gas, MMP, miscible gas flooding, EORAbstrakKonsep penggunaan flare gas untuk proses enhanced oil recovery dengan injeksi gas terlarut (miscible gas flooding enhanced oil recovery atau MGF-EOR) digagaskan untuk mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca dari fasilitas produksi migas, dengan sekaligus meningkatkan produksi minyak. Kelayakan teknis injeksi flare gas dievaluasi dengan memperbandingkan tekanan pelarutan minimum (minimum miscibility pressure atau MMP) untuk injeksi flare gas dengan MMP pada proses MGF-EOR konvensional menggunakan injeksi CO2. MMP diperkirakan melalui komputasi dengan metode sel pencampur majemuk dengan persamaan keadaan Peng-Robinson, pada campuran biner nC5H12-nC16H34 dengan nisbah molar 43%:57% sebagai model minyak. Pada temperatur 323.15 K, estimasi MMP yang diperoleh dengan injeksi CO2 adalah 9.78 MPa. Nilai MMP yang diperkirakan pada injeksi flare gas yang berupa campuran CH4-C2H6 pada nisbah molar 91%:9% sangat tinggi, yakni sebesar 3.66 kali nilai yang diperoleh pada kasus injeksi CO2. Pelarutan sempurna gas-minyak dalam injeksi CO2 terbentuk melalui mekanisme dorongan gas menguap (vaporizing gas drive), sementara pelarutan pada injeksi flare gas terbentuk melaui mekanisme kombinasi dorongan gas menguap dan mengembun (vaporizing/condensing gas drive). Pengaruh variasi komposisi flare gas terhadap MMP perlu dikaji lebih lanjut untuk menjajaki kelayakan injeksi flare gas dalam proses MGF-EOR.Kata kunci: flare gas, MMP, miscible gas flooding, EOR

Study on Flow Mechanism of Gas Injection in Porous Carbonate Core

2014 ◽  
Vol 941-944 ◽  
pp. 1453-1458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Liu ◽  
Peng Qu ◽  
Yang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Gas Injection ◽  
Formation Condition ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Flow Mechanism ◽  
Associated Gas ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The World ◽  
Gas Flooding ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gas ◽  
Wide Scale

There are wide scale of porous carbonate reservoirs in around the world, that have low permeability with undeveloped fracture. With study target of Savark formation in Middle East, core gas flooding experiments are conducted and microscope seepage mechanism is researched further. The study results indicate, with formation condition, miscible associated gas flooding is not achieved easily because of high minimum miscible pressure; flooding efficiency of hydrocarbon gas injection is high, especially for miscible flooding, because gas flooding makes oil volume expanse and viscosity decrease, and then oil mobility will be improved. In the experiments, gas injection mainly displace mobile oil in macropore, so changing displacement manner should be considered to improve flooding efficiency further.

scholarly journals INJEKSI FOAM SEBAGAI TERTIARY OIL RECOVERY

PETRO ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Iwan Setya Budi ◽  
Agus Rudiyono ◽  
Astra Pramana Astra Pramana
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Gas Injection ◽  
Sweep Efficiency ◽  
Gas Reservoir ◽  
Recovery Method ◽  
Tertiary Oil Recovery ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gas ◽  
Tertiary Recovery ◽  
Reduce Carbon Emission

<p><em>Foam injection is a variance of gas flood as tertiary recovery method designed to mitigate low sweep efficiency normally found in gas flood due to inheritance of density difference between injected gas and oil which often severed by presence of reservoir heterogeneity (permeability contrast in this case). Foam EOR has two goals: (1) improve oil recovery by promoting better sweep efficiency, and (2) reduce carbon emission related to global warming issue provided that the injectant gas used is CO2, hydrocarbon gas or flue gas.. Reservoir simulation performed is able to show recovery improvement of foam compared to continuous gas injection.</em></p>

scholarly journals Literature Review of Water Alternation Gas Injection

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Alsharif Samba ◽  
Mahmoud Omran Elsharafi
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Gas Injection ◽  
Mobility Control ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Sweep Efficiency ◽  
Water Alternating Gas ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Project Life ◽  
Wag Injection

The Water Alternating Gas (WAG) process is a cyclic method of injecting alternating cycles of gas followed by water and repeating this process over a number of cycles. WAG injection is to improve oil recovery, by both increasing the macroscopic and microscopic sweep efficiency and to help maintain the reservoir pressure. Also, WAG injection is to postpone the gas breakthrough. The WAG process provides mobility control in fast zones which extends gas project life and oil recovery. This paper provided a comprehensive literature study about  WAG injection. This  paper has collected most of the requirements of the petroleum engineers that has to know about the WAG injection started from basic concepts until the design parameter for WAG injection.   Keywords: Enhanced oil recovery, WAG injection  

Investigation of Significance of Critical Components in Optimization of WAG Injection Processes under Uncertainty

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.. Temizel ◽  
S.. Purwar ◽  
A.. Agarwal ◽  
A.. Abdullayev ◽  
K.. Urrutia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Sweep Efficiency ◽  
Improved Oil Recovery ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Water Alternating Gas ◽  
Gas Flooding ◽  
Reservoir Simulator ◽  
Wag Injection

Abstract Water alternating gas (WAG) injection has been widely used for the last 50 years throughout the world. The typical improved oil recovery (IOR) potential for WAG injection compared with water injection is 5 to 10%. It was originally intended to improve sweep efficiency during gas flooding, with intermittent slugs of water and gas designed to follow the same route through the reservoir. Mechanisms in WAG injection include microscopic effects, particularly in cases where three-phase flow and hysteresis are important for the IOR effect. Injection of gas usually aids an ongoing waterflood, and finding technical and commercial methods to reduce gas costs would be useful. Water injection alone tends to sweep the lower parts of a reservoir, while gas injected alone sweeps more of the upper parts of a reservoir because of gravitational forces. Gas represents a large fraction of the total cost, making WAG injection an expensive method. Thus, optimizing WAG injection is not only crucial in terms of recovery but also economics, especially where gas is expensive and/or limited. In this study, the significance of key components in a WAG injection process on SPE's 5th Comparative Solution Project (CSP) is presented that models the WAG process through a pseudo-miscible formulation by means of coupling a full-physics reservoir simulator with commercial optimization and uncertainty software. The results are analyzed and presented in a comparative manner by means of tornado charts showing the significance of each decision and uncertainty variable.

scholarly journals Pore-Scale Investigation on the Plugging Behavior of Submicron-Sized Microspheres for Heterogeneous Porous Media with Higher Permeability

Geofluids ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yafei Liu ◽  
Jingwen Yang ◽  
Tianjiang Wu ◽  
Yanhong Zhao ◽  
Desheng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Heterogeneous Porous Media ◽  
Pore Scale ◽  
High Permeability ◽  
Sweep Efficiency ◽  
Profile Control ◽  
Migration Analysis ◽  
Core Permeability ◽  
Plugging Performance

Reservoir heterogeneity is regarded as one of the main reasons leading to low oil recovery for both conventional and unconventional reservoirs. High-permeability layers or fractures could result in ineffective water or gas injection and generate nonuniform profile. Polymer microspheres have been widely applied for the conformance control to overcome the bypass of injected fluids and improve the sweep efficiency. For the purpose of examining the plugging performance of submicron-sized microspheres in high-permeability porous media, systematic investigations were implemented incorporating macroscale blocking rate tests using core samples and pore-scale water migration analysis via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Experimental results indicate that microsphere particle size dominates the plugging performance among three studied factors and core permeability has the least influence on the plugging performance. Subsequently, microsphere flooding was conducted to investigate its oil recovery capability. Different oil recovery behaviors were observed for cores with different permeability. For cores with lower permeability, oil recovery increased stepwise with microsphere injection whereas for higher permeability cores oil recovery rapidly increased and reached a plateau. This experimental work provides a better understanding on the plugging behavior of microspheres and could be employed as a reference for screening and optimizing the microsphere flooding process for profile control in heterogeneous reservoirs.

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