Study on Flow Mechanism of Gas Injection in Porous Carbonate Core

2014 ◽  
Vol 941-944 ◽  
pp. 1453-1458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Liu ◽  
Peng Qu ◽  
Yang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Gas Injection ◽  
Formation Condition ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Flow Mechanism ◽  
Associated Gas ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The World ◽  
Gas Flooding ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gas ◽  
Wide Scale

There are wide scale of porous carbonate reservoirs in around the world, that have low permeability with undeveloped fracture. With study target of Savark formation in Middle East, core gas flooding experiments are conducted and microscope seepage mechanism is researched further. The study results indicate, with formation condition, miscible associated gas flooding is not achieved easily because of high minimum miscible pressure; flooding efficiency of hydrocarbon gas injection is high, especially for miscible flooding, because gas flooding makes oil volume expanse and viscosity decrease, and then oil mobility will be improved. In the experiments, gas injection mainly displace mobile oil in macropore, so changing displacement manner should be considered to improve flooding efficiency further.

Identification of Seepage Mechanisms for Natural Gas Huff-n-Puff and Flooding Processes in Hydrophilic Reservoirs With Low and Ultra-Low Permeabilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiyi Zheng ◽  
Xiangui Liu ◽  
Zhengming Yang ◽  
Yutian Luo ◽  
Yapu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Gas Injection ◽  
Core Sample ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Recovery Curves ◽  
Displacement Experiments ◽  
Gas Flooding ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gas

Abstract Hydrocarbon gas flooding/Huff-n-Puff (HNP) can improve the oil recovery in the unconventional reservoirs. Here, the mechanisms accounting for fluid flow in the low-permeability and ultra-low permeability reservoirs were experimentally and theoretically investigated. Core plugs collected from a typical China oilfield were utilized for the experiments. Additionally, methane was used as the injection agent to conduct natural gas HNP/displacement experiments. The results indicated that the use of natural gas as an energy supplement agent and the HNP development method can effectively improve the recovery efficiency of the aforementioned two types of reservoirs. During the HNP process, the oil recovery is effectively enhanced mainly in the first round and second round. Meanwhile, during gas injection and HNP, natural gas can evidently weaken the extraction and reduce the precipitation of heavy components. However, the natural gas injection can establish an effective driving pressure system in low-permeability core plugs, and the interaction between natural gas and oil can change the mobility ratio. Furthermore, it aids in avoiding viscous fingering and premature breakthroughs. Moreover, the oil can be sandwiched between the interface of the gas and water phases to form a slip channel in a hydrophilic core sample, which can quickly produce oil. Finally, a numerical model was developed by considering the reservoir parameters of Changqing Oilfield, China. The oil recovery after eight rounds of CH4 HNP was 80% higher than that achieved via depletion development. Additionally, the oil recovery curves are especially similar in the previous three HNP rounds. These curves show obvious differences from the fourth round onwards, which indicates that the asphaltene deposition and CH4 diffusion slightly affect the oil recovery factor during the initial production period.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Gas Breakthrough Prevention by Flue Gas Drive

2020 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 02022
Author(s):  
Ping Guo ◽  
Shiyong Hu ◽  
Yisheng Hu ◽  
Qijian Ding
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Gas Injection ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
High Permeability ◽  
Sweep Efficiency ◽  
Water Alternating Gas ◽  
Vertical Heterogeneity ◽  
Profile Control ◽  
Gas Flooding ◽  
Gas Drive

The heterogeneity of glutenite reservoir is serious, and breakthrough is easy to occur in the process of water drive and gas drive, which reduces the sweep efficiency. The serious vertical heterogeneity in the H well area of Xinjiang oilfield led to the rapid gas breakthrough during gas injection test. Water alternating gas flooding and foam profile control are often used to seal breakthrough. In this paper, based on the actual reservoir characteristics, vertical heterogeneous planar model is made for flooding experiment. The experimental results show that after gas breakthrough caused by water alternating gas flooding, the flue gas foam can effectively block the high permeability layer and develop the low permeability layer, improve the sweep efficiency and recovery percent, and provide reference for the development adjustment of actual reservoir after gas breakthrough.

scholarly journals Hydrocarbon Gas Flooding Optimization considering Complex Fracture Networks through Numerical Simulation in the Tight Oil Reservoirs

Lithosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (Special 4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Qin ◽  
Haochuan Zhang ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Haifeng Ding ◽  
Tianyu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Gas Injection ◽  
Oil Reservoirs ◽  
Tight Oil ◽  
Oil Reservoir ◽  
Fracture Networks ◽  
Complex Fracture ◽  
Gas Flooding ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gas ◽  
Tight Oil Reservoirs

Abstract Field data indicates that oil production decline quickly and the oil recovery factor is low due to low permeability and insufficient energy in the tight oil reservoirs. Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is required to improve the oil production rates of tight oil reservoirs. Gas flooding is a good means to supplement formation energy and improve oil recovery factor, especially for hydrocarbon gas flooding when CO2 is insufficient. Due to the permeability in some areas is too low, the injected gas cannot spread farther, and the EOR performance is poor. So multifractured horizontal well (MFHW) are usually used to assist gas injection in oilfields. At present, there are few studies on the optimization of hydrocarbon gas flooding parameters especially under the complex fracture network. This article uses unstructured grids to characterize the complex fracture networks, which more realistically shows the flow of formation fluids. Based on actual reservoir data, this paper establishes the numerical model of hydrocarbon gas flooding under complex fracture networks. The article conducts numerical simulation to analyze the effect of different parameters on well performance and provides the optimal injection and production parameters for hydrocarbon gas flooding in the M tight oil reservoir. The optimal injection-production well spacing of the M tight oil reservoir is about 800 to 900 m. The EOR performance is better when the total gas injection rates are about 0.45 HCPV, and gas injection rates of each well are about 3000 to 3500 m3/d (0.021 to 0.025 HCPV/a). The recommended injection-production ratio is about 1.1 to 1.2. This work can offer engineers guidance for hydrocarbon gas flooding of the MFHW with complex fracture networks. Hydrocarbon gas flooding in tight oil reservoirs can enhance oil recovery. The findings of this study can help for a better understanding of the influence of different parameters on hydrocarbon gas flooding in the M tight oil reservoir. This work can also offer engineers guidance for hydrocarbon gas flooding of the MFHW with complex fracture networks.

RECREATION SPECIALIZATION FOR RUNNERS AND EVENT ATTACHMENT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isao Okayasu ◽  
Chi-Ok Oh ◽  
Duarte B Morais
Keyword(s):  
Practical Implication ◽  
Event Management ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
The Third ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The World ◽  
Recreation Specialization ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Predictive Relationship

Running is one of the most popular activities in the world. Runners’ attitudes and behaviors vary depending on their running style. This study aims to construct different measures of running specialization based on the theory of specialization. This study also tests a runner’s stage of specialization segmentation based on recreation specialization and examines the predictive relationship between a runner’s specialization and event attachment. Three groups of sampling data assess the performance of diverse specialization measures for running in three marathon events. First, two surveys were conducted with marathon participants to assess the performance of diverse specialization measures for runners. Second, the third dataset was used to examine the relationship between a runner’s recreation specialization and event attachment.The study results showed that the 15 measures of specialization showed a good fit to the data. Our research showed how runners’ recreation specialization is connected to their event attachment. In addition, this study suggested event management for subdivisions of runners. Its practical implication is that recreation specialization for running can help us understand event attachment.

The Mechanism of Flue Gas Injection for Enhanced Light Oil Recovery

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. S. Shokoya ◽  
S. A. (Raj) Mehta ◽  
R. G. Moore ◽  
B. B. Maini ◽  
M. Pooladi-Darvish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Gas Injection ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Air Injection ◽  
Oil Reservoirs ◽  
Flue Gases ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Light Oil ◽  
Light Oil Reservoirs

Flue gas injection into light oil reservoirs could be a cost-effective gas displacement method for enhanced oil recovery, especially in low porosity and low permeability reservoirs. The flue gas could be generated in situ as obtained from the spontaneous ignition of oil when air is injected into a high temperature reservoir, or injected directly into the reservoir from some surface source. When operating at high pressures commonly found in deep light oil reservoirs, the flue gas may become miscible or near–miscible with the reservoir oil, thereby displacing it more efficiently than an immiscible gas flood. Some successful high pressure air injection (HPAI) projects have been reported in low permeability and low porosity light oil reservoirs. Spontaneous oil ignition was reported in some of these projects, at least from laboratory experiments; however, the mechanism by which the generated flue gas displaces the oil has not been discussed in clear terms in the literature. An experimental investigation was carried out to study the mechanism by which flue gases displace light oil at a reservoir temperature of 116°C and typical reservoir pressures ranging from 27.63 MPa to 46.06 MPa. The results showed that the flue gases displaced the oil in a forward contacting process resembling a combined vaporizing and condensing multi-contact gas drive mechanism. The flue gases also became near-miscible with the oil at elevated pressures, an indication that high pressure flue gas (or air) injection is a cost-effective process for enhanced recovery of light oils, compared to rich gas or water injection, with the potential of sequestering carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.

Fetomaternal Outcome of Pregnancy with COVID-19: An Observational Study in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1903-1906
Author(s):  
Nabila Khan ◽  
Zahra Wasim ◽  
Aesha Sadaf Rizwan ◽  
Afshan Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Tahir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
World Health ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The World

Background: The new corona virus first appeared in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has since spread around the world to other countries. The World Health Organization believes that this new CoV-19 epidemic is a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) on January 30, 2020Worldwide.The mortality rate of this viral infection ranges from 2% in Pakistan to 14.4% in Italy. Lympopenia, elevated transminase, proteinuria, increased LDH, and C-reactive protein levels are all common laboratory findings in the early stages of the disease. Covid patients have experienced a variety of complications, including extreme pneumonia, ARDS, heart defects, sepsis and septic shock, and respiratory tract super infection. Methodology: This retrospective observational research study was carried out at the Gynecology Unit of MardanMedical Complex, Mardan and Combined Military Hospital, Risalpur for 06 months duration from April 2020 to September 2020. In a pre-constructed data collection form, biochemical and radiological parameters of medical history, test results, symptoms, pregnancy, and neonatal outcomes were noted. Patients treated in an outpatient setting were not included in the study. Results: There were 121 patients in total, with mean age of 27 having standard deviation ± 5, having range 19-40 years. 48.3% pregnant women reported their first pregnancy(primigravida). 51.3% of SARS-Cov-2 were in their 3rd trimester while 34.7% were in their 35-40 weeks of gestational age. Common complications are gestational hypertension (PIH) (16 cases), hypothyroidism (14 cases) and gestational diabetes (GDM) 9 cases. More than half (53%) of patients are asymptomatic. Common symptoms are cough (22%) and fever (11%). The incidence of multiple organ failure was 2% as shown in table 01. Lymphopenia was common (84%). A CT scan of 24 patients showed bilateral invasion. Conclusion: COVID-19 has a negative impact on the foetus, according to our results. Although pregnant women do not seem to be more vulnerable to COVID-19 complications than non-pregnant adults, previous research has suggested that pregnant women could be at higher risk for negative pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth, foetal pain and respiration, symptoms, and LBW in a newborn baby. Keywords: Corona virus, COVID-19, Pregnancy, Outcome.

scholarly journals Development of Methodics for Calculation of Share of Destroyed Hydrocarbons upon Flaring of Associated Gas at Sea Platforms

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-25
Author(s):  
I. H. Asadov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Carbon Fraction ◽  
Associated Gas ◽  
Optimization Task ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gas

In the article the possibility to develop the new methodic for calculation of share of destroyed hydrocarbons upon flaring of associated gas is considered. It is shown that problem of flaring of associated hydrocarbon gas is that non-complete firing causing emission to atmosphere such products as СО2, aerosol (black carbon] and also CH4. Uncertainty in estimate of carbon fraction in total mass and also of ratio of concentrations of CH4 and СО2 over different oil producing sea platforms make it possible to form variation optimization task solution of which allows to evaluate the minimum guaranteed share of destroyed hydrocarbon gas upon its flaring.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Germophobia Questionnaire in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-316
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammadreza Alavizadeh ◽  
◽  
Mojgan Sepahmansour ◽  
Somaye Entezari ◽  
Mohammadreza Seirafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The World ◽  
Valid Instrument ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Study Participants

Objective: The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) has recently been identified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The outbreak of the disease has caused numerous individuals around the world to become extremely frightened and subsequently present the signs of phobia. Fear is the basic emotion of anxiety disorders and individuals cope with their emotions by different strategies. The present study aimed at developing and validating Emotion Regulation Strategies for Germophobia Questionnaire (ERS-GPQ). Methods: The study participants were 99 individuals (74 females) of the Iranian population with concerns about germs who were selected with the snowball sampling method. They completed the ERS-GPQ and GPQ in the Google Forms platform. Results: The present study results illustrated that the ERS-GPQ has acceptable internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (a=0.61), reliability coefficients with split-half (0.70), and one-week test-retest (0.92); the ERS-GPQ also presented a moderate positive correlation with the contamination obsessions checklist of GPQ (r=0.44) as the convergent coefficient. Besides, the confirmatory factor analysis indicated 2 factors of the ERS-GPQ. Finally, the ERS-GPQ has 2 components with good convergent and discriminate validities and composite reliability. Conclusion: Based on the current research findings, the ERS-GPQ has acceptable and good psychometric properties; researchers can use the ERS-GPQ as a reliable and valid instrument for assessing ER strategies concerning germophobia. Furthermore, it has some considerations for practitioners in epidemic and pandemic crises, like COVID-19.

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