scholarly journals Influence of climatic conditions on productivity and adaptability of Camelina sativa

2020 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 04006
Author(s):  
E L Turina ◽  
T Ya Prakhova

The purpose of the research is to assess the productivity and adaptability of Camelina sativa depending on the natural and climatic conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region and the steppe Crimea. The researches were conducted in two regions (Penza and Crimea) with contrasting hydrothermal conditions in 2015–2019 years. Climate conditions in the years of researches were characterized by significant variability in both the degree of humidity and temperature regime in both regions. The hydrothermal coefficient in the Crimea varied in the range of 0.23–1.11, in the conditions of Penza - from 0.45 to 1.10. The index of environmental conditions varied from -0.58 to 1.28 units depending on the natural and climatic zone. On average, in 2015–2019, the productivity of Camelina changed from 1.45 to 1.79 t/ha in Penza and from 0.56 to 1.66 t/ha in Crimea. The highest yield of Camelina sativa was recorded in 2016 in Penza and in 2017 in the Crimea and amounted to 1.79 and 1.66 t/ha, respectively. The value of the index of environmental conditions is 1.17 and 1.28 with hydrothermal coefficient of 0.82 and 0.61, respectively. Depending on the conditions of the year and the region, the oil content varied from 33.9 to 43.9 %. At the same time, there is a tendency to decrease the amount of oil for all years of study in the direction from the Crimea to the zone of the Penza region. Camelina sativa is characterized by a high level of resistance to stressful conditions (0.49– 1.10), differs in environmental adaptability (bi=1.15–1.17), has a high fitness criterion, 41.2–41.5 g/m2, depending on the region.

Author(s):  
T. Yu. Taranova ◽  
Е. А. Demina ◽  
А. I. Kincharov ◽  
O. S. Mullayanova ◽  
K. Yu. Chekmasova

The results of the study of 250 collection samples of spring soft wheat of various ecological and geographical groups are presented in order to identify the source material that combines optimal plant height and high productivity for the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region. The work was carried out in 2017–2020 in the Samara region. The study and evaluation of samples was carried out according to the Methodology of the state variety testing and the methodological recommendations of the VIR. The average height of plants in the samples over the years of research varied within 68.5-109.2 cm, the coefficient of variation of the trait was 11.86-13.72 %. The presence of a positive average and weak correlation between the yield and plant height, regardless of the moisture conditions of the year (r = 0.15-0.47), was revealed. A strong positive relationship was observed between the height of the samples and the following weather factors: precipitation in June (r = 0.94), precipitation during the growing season (r = 0.87), hydrothermal coefficient of June (r = 0.93), hydrothermal coefficient for the growing season (r = 0.83). The highest grain yield was formed by samples from the group of undersized and medium-grown, on average 416 and 428 g/m2, respectively. A number of highly productive varieties were identified: 3 medium-grown samples (105 cm) with a yield of 419.7-435.7 g/m2 and 21 undersized samples (85-102 cm) with an average grain yield of 485.0-585.7 g/m2. Dwarf specimens sample a stable manifestation of short-stemmed growth over the years and high resistance to lodging were noted. According to the research results, it was found that the optimal height of plants for the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region is in the range of 85-105 cm. The selected undersized and medium-grown samples with high grain yield and dwarf samples with high resistance to lodging are recommended for use in breeding programs of the region and places with similar conditions.


2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Фаик Сафиоллин ◽  
Faik Safiollin ◽  
Рустам Низамов ◽  
Rustam Nizamov ◽  
Салават Сулейманов ◽  
...  

We can expect to receive from 0.81 to 0.97 tons of sunflower oil seeds per hectare in the soil-climatic conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region without the introduction of mineral fertilizers. As the doses of mineral fertilizers are increased, the productivity of 1 hectare of arable land is increased 2.8 times and the gross collections of oilseeds are 2.14 tons per hectare at the non highest background of mineral nutrition, against 0.86 tons per hectare in the control variant of the experiment (without fertilizers). The optimization of seeding rates of the studied culture is of great importance in the formation of highly productive agrocenoses. In the variants of supplementary supply of plants with nutrients, especially when N98P38K124 is introduced, the seeding rate of 70 thousand pieces per hectare of virgin seeds raises the yield of sunflower by 0.51 tons per hectare (a very solid increase in yield), compared with the sowing rate of 60 thousand pieces per hectare.


Author(s):  
E.V. Kostenkova ◽  
◽  
A.S. Bushnev ◽  

In 2019, in a single-factor experiment, two varieties of confectionery sunflower were studied in four-fold repetition: ‘SPK’ (control) and ‘Belochka’, as well as two oilseed varieties: ‘Umnik’ (control) and ‘VNIIMK 100’. The plot area is 56 m2, the registered area is 28 m2. The standing density is 30 thousand plants per ha. Climatic conditions in 2019 were generally favorable for the growth and development of sunflower plants. Autumn-winter moisture reserves (for the period September-March) amounted to 325 mm, for the growing season – 264.7. In oilseed varieties, the shortest growing season was observed for ‘VNIIMK 100’ – 80 days, for confectionery sunflower – ‘Belochka’ – 107 days. The highest height of plants of confectionery varieties (208.6 cm) was formed by the ‘SPK’; of oilseeds – ‘Umnik’ – 176.5 cm. The highest indicators of oil content of seeds and oil collection were recorded for ‘Umnik’ variety – 53.6 % and 0.97 t/ha respectively. Based on the results of environmental testing of various sunflower varieties of domestic selection, we can conclude about the potential of crop productivity in the steppe zone of the Crimea. The most adapted among oilseed sunflower varieties of domestic selection is ‘Umnik’ with a seed yield of 1.99 t/ha and an oil content of 53.6%; among confectionery varieties – ‘SPK’ variety with a yield of 2.12 t/ha and an oil content of 43.6%. Cultivating varieties in the climate conditions of 2019 was cost-effective: the level of profitability for all varieties varied from 63.7 to 93.4%.


2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (2) ◽  
pp. 022110
Author(s):  
T Ya Prakhova ◽  
E L Turina

Abstract The aim of the research is to study the effect of different backgrounds of mineral nutrition on the yield and quality of oilseeds of winter false flax in different regions of cultivation. The research was conducted in two contrasting regions: the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region (Penza Research Institute of Agriculture) and the Central steppe zone of Crimea (Crimean Research Institute of Agriculture) in 2018-2020. The object of the research was the winter false flax varietal Baron. In the experiment, the effect of nitrogen fertilizer fertilization on the productivity of winter false flax at a dose of 0 to 60 kg of active substance per hectare with a step of 15 kg has been studied. Ammonium nitrate was used as nitrogen fertilizer. In the experiments of Penza Research Institute of Agriculture, the yield increase with nitrogen fertilizer was 0.07-0.19 t/ha. The highest yield of winter false flax was obtained in the variant with the introduction of nitrogen at a dose of N30, which was 1.61 t/ha, which significantly (0.19 t/ha) exceeded the variant without fertilizers. In the conditions of the Crimea, the yield of winter false flax in the average three years was not high and ranged from 0.95-1.16 t/ha. Fertilizing false flax with nitrogen at a dose of N30 led to an increase in yield by 0.21 t/ha, the productivity of the crop was 1.16 t/ha. Nitrogen fertilizer fertilization led to a slight decrease in the oil content of the seeds. In both regions, the fat content was greatest in the variant without fertilizer and was 39.9 and 40.9 %.


2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
A. V. Sumina ◽  
V. I. Polonskiy

The influence of abiotic factors and genotype on the quality of barley yield was studied. The research was conducted in various agroclimatic conditions at two state variety-testing sites in 2019. The first is located in the steppe zone of foothills on the ordinary and southern chernozems of the Republic of Khakassia, the second – in the forest-steppe soilclimate zone of the Republic of Tuva. During the experiment, a more contrasting difference in the daily temperature range in the conditions of Tuva was noted. The following varieties of spring chaffy barley of Siberian breeding were used as an object of the study: Uvatsky, Krasnoyarsky 91, Emelya (multi-rowed), Acha, Biom, Tanay, Buyan, Takmak, Abalak, Olenek (two-rowed). Production characteristics of the varieties (weight of 1000 grains, yield), the content of protein, sugars, fat and fiber in grain were determined by using standard methods. More stringent conditions for growing plants in the Republic of Tuva, compared to the Republic of Khakassia, caused a 20% decrease in the weight of 1000 grains and yield, a 47% decrease in protein content in grain, and an increase in the accumulation of fat and fiber in it (by 24 and 48%, respectively). When growing barley in Tuva, less significant intervarietal differences were noted in the production characteristics of the crop and in the content of valuable substances in the grain (except for protein). Varieties of barley with a high content of valuable substances in grain for cultivation in the Republic of Tuva in contrasting climatic conditions were determined. Variety Krasnoyarsky 91 was recommended (there was no decrease in the mass of 1000 grains and the level of productivity) and Biome (the smallest decrease in protein content, the largest increase in the content of fat and sugars in grain).


Author(s):  
А.В. Терешкин ◽  
А.Л. Калмыкова ◽  
Т.А. Андрушко

Вертикальное озеленение с участием различных видов лиан в современных условиях имеет важное эстетическое и санитарно-гигиеническое значение. Особо актуально решение вопросов обогащения флоры городских территорий лианами в степных районах в связи с бедным видовым составом и резким ухудшением экологической ситуации. Объектами исследований являлись 7 видов лиан, различных жизненных форм (однолетние, многолетние), произрастающие в населенных пунктах Саратовской области (Аткарск, Саратов). Цель исследований – изучение эколого-биологических особенностей и мелиоративных свойств лиан и выявление перспектив их использования в вертикальном озеленении селитебных территорий Саратовской области. В ходе исследования видового состава, были выявлены наиболее популярные виды однолетних лиан: ипомея красно-голубая (Ipomea tricolor (L.) Roth) и ипомея пурпурная (Ipomea purpurea (L.) Roth), горошек душистый (Lathyrus edoratus L.), настурция (Tropacolum peregrinum L.) и фасоль огненно-красная (Phaseolus coccineus). Большинство (70%) из них произрастают в местах ограниченного пользования. Изученные виды лиан в исследуемых регионах достигают средних природных показателей (при наличии надлежащего ухода), обладают хорошими показателями жизненного состояния, обильно цветут и плодоносят. При воздействии токсикантами различной концентрации на листовые пластинки лиан установлено их степень устойчивости. Выявлено, что однолетние лианы лучше использовать в декоративных целях, а не в санитарно-гигиенических. Сравнительная оценка однолетних видов с многолетними лианами (девичий виноград пятилисточковый и клематис тангутский) показывает устойчивость многолетних видов (в среднем на 3 балла - 40%). Разработаны варианты декоративных композиций с участием травянистых лиан. По степени декоративности выделены однолетние лианы – Ipomea tricolor, I. purpurea (37 – 41 балл), средней степенью отличаются – Lathyrus edoratus (33 балла), Tropacolum peregrinum (30 баллов) и Phaseolus coccineus (20 – 27 баллов). Преимущество многолетних лиан заключается в их устойчивости к резким изменениям климатических условий (на 40 %) по сравнению с однолетними формами. Поэтому они более предпочтительны для озеленения городской среды. Для усиления декоративного эффекта в сезонном аспекте рекомендуются сочетать расширение видового и формового разнообразия растений (многолетние и однолетние лианы, древесно-кустарниковая, цветочная растительность). Установлено, что природно-климатические условия зоны степи и лесостепи в пределах Саратовской области являются достаточно благоприятными для нормального роста и развития древесно-кустарниковой растительности, в том числе травянистых лиан. Таким образом, обоснованное применение древесных лиан в комплексе с традиционными видами насаждений позволит создать комфортные условия проживания населения, регулировать оптимальный температурный баланс и создавать благоприятные микроклиматические условия. Vertical gardening with different types of vines in modern conditions is important aesthetic and sanitary-hygienic value. It is especially important to address the issues of enrichment of the flora of urban areas with vines in the steppe regions due to poor species composition and a sharp deterioration of the ecological situation. The objects of research were 7 species of lianas, various life forms (annual, perennial), growing in the settlements of the Saratov region (Atkarsk, Saratov). The aim of the research is to study the ecological and biological features and reclamation properties of vines and identify the prospects for their use in vertical gardening residential areas of the Saratov region. In the study, species composition was the most popular species of annual vines: morning glory red-blue (Ipomea tricolor (L.) Roth) and purple morning glory (Ipomea purpurea (L.) Roth), the fragrant pea (Lathyrus edoratus L.), nasturtium (Tropacolum peregrinum L.) and runner beans (Phaseolus coccineus). Most (70%) of them grow in restricted areas. Studied species of vines in the study regions reach average natural performance (with proper care), have good indicators of vital condition, bloom abundantly and bear fruit. When exposed to toxicants of different concentrations on the leaf blades of vines established their degree of stability. It was revealed that the annual vines are better used for decorative purposes, and not in the sanitary-hygienic. A comparative assessment of annual species with perennial vines (maiden grapes and clematis Tangut) shows the stability of perennial species (an average of 3 points-40%). The options and decorative compositions with the participation of herbaceous vines. According to the degree of decoration of the allocated annual vine – Ipomea tricolor, I. purpurea (37 – 41 points), the average degree of differ – Lathyrus edoratus (33 points), Tropacolum peregrinum (30 points) and Phaseolus coccineus (20 to 27 points). The advantage of perennial vines is their resistance to sudden changes in climatic conditions (40 %) compared to annual forms. Therefore, they are more preferable for greening the urban environment. To enhance the decorative effect in the seasonal aspect, it is recommended to combine the expansion of species and form diversity of plants (perennial and annual lianas, tree and shrub, floral vegetation). It is established that the climatic conditions of the steppe and forest-steppe zone within the Saratov region are quite favorable for the normal growth and development of tree and shrub vegetation, including herbaceous lianas. Thus, the reasonable use of wood vines in combination with traditional types of plantings will create comfortable living conditions for the population, regulate the optimal temperature balance and create favorable microclimatic conditions.


Author(s):  
L. A. Novikova ◽  
◽  
S. N. Artemova ◽  
V. K. Makuev ◽  
E. Y. Yakovlev ◽  
...  

The research is devoted to the study of poorly preserved psammophytic variants of meadow steppes in the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga Region. It has allowed to define the main stages of re-establishment of vegetational cover and estimate the conservation prospects on the river Ardym in different ecological conditions (geomorphological and edaphyc). It has been established that the re-establishment of psammophytic steppes vegetation occurs in a similar way both on the slopes of the predominantly southern exposition and on watershed surfaces. However, in the absence of anthropogenic effects on watershed surfaces, there is a sylvatization of the vegetation cover resulting in displacement of psammophytic steppes. Only the constantly occurring weak natural erosion processes on the slopes of the predominantly southern exposition contribute to the preservation of these rare communities here. Under intense anthropogenic influence, as well as in the conditions of a significant erosion process, the psammophytic steppes fail to be preserved or replaced by steppe meadows.


2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
B. M. Ludu ◽  
B. K. Kan-ool

The paper presents the results of the research into the condition, number and concentration of beef cattle of Hereford breed, adapted to the natural and climatic conditions of the East Siberian region. The methodological basis of the study was formed by the methods of systematization, logical and comparative statistical analysis. The research information was based on the official materials of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Republic of Tuva on animal husbandry. Out of the total number of livestock in the region (180 748 heads), Herefords amount to 2869 heads. A comparative analysis of livestock in farms of different forms of ownership and different natural and climatic zones was carried out. The largest population of Herefords (48.94%) is concentrated in the central agricultural and livestock zone with forest-steppe and steppe subzones (by the number of animals Piy-Khem kozhuun ranks first, 19.1%). In the southern zone of dry steppes, there are 27.43% of Herefords (by the number of livestock in the Republic, Tes-Khem kozhuun ranks second, 14.7%). In the western mountain-steppe zone there are 23.63% of Herefords, the largest number is in Barun-Khemchik (7.4%) and in Bai-Taiginsky (7%) kozhuun. Specialized beef cattle have not been brought to the high-mountain Mongun-Taiginsky kozhuun of the western zone or to the eastern high-mountain taiga zone. According to the results of the analysis, taking into account the category of farms, 56.4% of Herefords are kept in peasant farm enterprises, 19.7% – in agricultural production cooperatives, 29.7% – in other agricultural enterprises. All farms practise year-round grazing. Differences in the number of Hereford cattle by districts depend on the capacities of farms and climatic breeding zones. The monitoring which was carried out will allow to determine the prospects for raising purebred cattle of a specialized type, taking into account the terrain and zone of the breeding work in the conditions of year-round grazing in the Republic of Tuva.


Author(s):  
М.Н.Сертек,Ш.Ш. Бекенова,А.П.Науанова, З.Ш Сулейменова

According to the results of research on the phytosanitary status of rapeseed on ordinary Chernozem of the forest-steppe zone of the Akmola region, the species composition of pests was determined. Danadim power, Zolone 35% KE, Decis Expert were used against pests of this rapeseed. Indicators of biological effectiveness in the use of insecticides against pests ranged from 78-95%.The article discusses the biological and economic effectiveness of insecticides used against the main pests of rapeseed. Treatment of cruciferous rape beetle, rapeseed sawfly and cruciferous bug with Decis Expert insecticide (0.075 l/ha) showed high efficiency during the growing season. The use of plant protection products against a complex of harmful organisms showed that, depending on the prevailing climatic conditions, the yield increased to 1.3 c/ha, and the maximum - to 1.9 c/ha. Thus, according to the biological effectiveness of insecticides used against pests, the productDecis Expert showed high results in all pests. On the Cruciferous rape beetle it was 85.7%, in the turnip sawfly – 93.5%, in the cruciferous bug – 81.9%.


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