scholarly journals The degree of restoration of the soil properties developed under the fallows in the early stages of succession

2020 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 04025
Author(s):  
D. A. Filimonova ◽  
S V Solovev ◽  
A N Bezborodova ◽  
G F Miller

At present, the return of fallow lands to agricultural circulation is an important and one of the topical issues of the whole world. Research related to the restoration of soil properties of fallows is of particular value. Therefore, it is necessary to know what processes occur in the vegetation and soil cover of fallows at the different stages of their development, taking into account local natural features. The paper presents the results of a survey of young (up to four years) and middle-aged (up to ten years) fallows of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia within the Novosibirsk region. It is established that in the first decade of succession in fallow areas there are two stages of overgrowth, and when analyzing the structure of plant matter, it is shown that the ratio of their fractional composition reflects the general tendency to restore the ecosystem that preceded plowing. Restoration of soil properties under young and middle-aged fallows is much slower. Data of humus content analysis allow us to conclude that its content is somewhat higher in the upper parts of the profile in middle-aged fallows compared to young fallows. The research on soil-physical characteristics and vegetation cover allowed us to note the trends of restoration of the initial state of soils.

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-24
Author(s):  
N.O. Kryuchenko ◽  
◽  
Ya. Zhovinsky ◽  
P.S. Paparyga ◽  
O.A. Zhuk ◽  
...  

The results of a comprehensive analysis of the microelement composition of soils — B, Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Zn and plants — Ag, Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Zn (oak (Quercus robur L.), pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) perennial grasses — Kupena (Polygonatum multiflorum (L.) All.), wheatgrass (Elymus repens (L.) Gould)) of natural reserve belonging to different physical and geographical zones — Polessky reserve (mixed forest zone), Roztochya reserve (broad-leaved forest zone), Kanevsky reserve (forest-steppe zone), the reserve «Askania Nova» (steppe zone), the Chernogorsk massif of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve (KBR, Ukrainian Carpathians), which are proposed to be considered as background. It was found that in the soils of mixed and broad-leaved forests and the Chernogorsk massif KBR with an increase in the content of gross forms of Co, Cu, Ni, Zn, the content of their mobile forms increases, this dependence is inverse in the soils of the steppe zone, which is associated with a decrease in soil acidity and mobility microelements A positive correlation was revealed between the humus content in soils and Zn, Co (gross and mobile forms) and negative — B, Mo in the soils of all reserve zones. It was found that the greatest biogeochemical activity is characteristic of plants in the zone of deciduous forests — oak leaves (Quercus robur L.) and pine needles (Pinus sylvestris L.).


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Egor Chebochakov ◽  
Valeriy Murtaev

Research was conducted with the aim of developing technology for the development of fallow lands in the south of Central Siberia. The work was carried out in 2012-2015 on chestnut soil (experiment 1) and southern chernozem (experiment 2) in the Republic of Khakassia. The humus content in the 0 ... 20 cm layer of chestnut soil is 2.67%, N-NO3 is 20.1 ... 22.4 mg/kg, P2O5 and K2O (according to Machigin) are 23.5 and 328 mg/kg, respectively, in southern chernozem - respectively 4.5%, 16.6 ... 19.2, 19.3 and 720 mg/kg. The experimental designs provided for various combinations of mechanical tillage and spraying with herbicides of fallow plots, performed at different times, in the year preceding the sowing of crops. In technologies using herbicides in August, the amount of conditional stubble in spring was 60 pcs/m2 more, and erosion was 1.7 ... 2.5 times lower than in versions with flat cutting. The dumping of chestnut soil increases the yield of green mass of oats, compared with flat-cut, by 2.5 t/ha (24.5%), corn - by 4.0 t/ha (31.2%). In the southern chernozem, the technology with plowing ensured the formation of 5.7 t/ha of green mass of oats, which is 0.5 t/ha (8.8%) more than during flat cutting. In general, in the steppe zone of Central Siberia, the use of plowing in the technology for the development of fallow lands increases their productivity, while the greatest protection of the soil from erosion is provided by replacing its mechanical treatment in August with spraying with herbicides


2017 ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
N.P. Mironycheva-Tokareva ◽  
◽  
N.P. Kosykh ◽  
E.K. Vishnyakova ◽  
N.G. Koronatova ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
pp. 12-28
Author(s):  
В.В. КРУГЛЯК ◽  
Е.И. ГУРЬЕВА

Зеленые насаждения санаторных парков (Воронежская область) закладывались в предвоенные годы на основе дворянских усадеб. В настоящее время они на 60% представлены искусственными насаждениями. Характеризуются усилением деградации, снижением санитарно-гигиенических, декоративных и рекреационных функций и нуждаются в реновации. Актуальность темы обусловлена острой необходимостью улучшения функционирования санаторных парковых территорий в современных условиях путем обогащения ассортимента с обоснованием их пространственного размещения и ландшафтно-эстетической ценности. Цель исследований – обоснование мероприятий по реновации и оптимизации зеленых насаждений санаторных парков на основе их комплексной оценки в современных условиях. Выявлено, что повторение засушливых лет, урбоэкологические условия санаторных парков лимитируют эффективное функционирование зеленых насаждений. Наибольший процент насаждений относится ко второму и третьему классам устойчивости. Здоровые деревья во втором классе составляют от 71 до 90 %. В зеленых насаждениях третьего класса устойчивости наблюдаются процессы деградации, обусловленные возрастными категориями. На основе инвентаризации установлено, что площадь зеленых насаждений искусственного и естественного происхождения санаториев Воронежской области значительно варьирует. Зеленые насаждения искусственного происхождения произрастают в санатории им. Горького (площадь 9,6 га; возраст до 88 лет). Лесные массивы естественного происхождения в санаториях им. Дзержинского, «Углянец», им. Цюрупы, дом отдыха «Петровский» составляют от 45,4 до 66,8 % парковых территорий. Доля участия лиственных древесные видов составляет около 70%. На территориях санатория им. Дзержинского и дома отдыха «Петровский» лесопарковые ландшафты включают лесные массивы с преобладанием Quercus robur (9Д1Кл). Для лесопарков санаториев лесостепной зоны отмечена общая тенденция сокращения объема крон в связи с ухудшением состояния растительности, обусловленные возрастом. (24376000 м3 – 97985110 м3). Для усиления рекреационного эффекта требуется значительно увеличить долю участия  декоративных кустарников. В общем объеме, занимаемом кронами растений в настоящее время она незначительна – менее 1 %. Рекомендовано вводить в зеленые насаждения кустарники для оптимизации пространственной структуры и повышения ландшафтно-эстетической привлекательности санаторных парков. Так как преобладание закрытых пространств в существующих насаждениях санаториев (более 50 %) приводит к монотонности в композиционном построении. Наличие системы открытых (7-25), полуоткрытых (32-47%) приведет к формированию соответствующих целям рекреации и функциям насаждений. Для соответствия функциям лечебно- оздоровительного учреждения с учетом нормативных документов предусмотрено увеличение площадей (на 20%) зоны тихого отдыха. На основе комплексной оценки зеленых насаждений санаториев, с учетом видового разнообразия и типов посадок разработана классификация пространственной организации. Определен санитарно-гигиенический и рекреационный потенциал, принципы подбора и ассортимент декоративных деревьев и кустарников для реновации санаторных парков в лесостепной зоне. Установлен регламент мероприятий при реконструкции зеленых насаждений парковых территорий лечебно-оздоровительных учреждений. Green plantations of sanatorium parks (Voronezh region) were laid in the pre-war years on the basis of noble estates. Currently, they are 60% represented by artificial plantations. Characterized by increased degradation, reduction of sanitary, decorative and recreational functions and need renovation. The relevance of the topic is due to the urgent need to improve the functioning of sanatorium Park areas in modern conditions by enriching the range with the justification of their spatial location and landscape and aesthetic value. The purpose of the research is to substantiate measures for the renovation and optimization of green spaces of sanatorium parks on the basis of their comprehensive assessment in modern conditions. It is revealed that the repetition of dry years, urban ecological conditions of sanatorium parks limit the effective functioning of green spaces. The highest percentage of plantings belongs to the second and third classes of stability. Healthy trees in the second class are from 71 to 90%. In the green spaces of the third class of sustainability there are processes of degradation due to age categories. On the basis of the inventory it was found that the area of green spaces of artificial and natural origin of health resorts of the Voronezh region varies significantly. Green plantations of artificial origin grow in the sanatorium. Gorky (area of 9.6 hectares; age up to 88 years). Forests of natural origin in sanatoria. Dzerzhinsky, "Uglyanets", them. Tsyurupy, the rest house "Petrovsky" make from 45,4 to 66,8% of Park territories. The share of participation of deciduous tree species is about 70%. On the territories of the sanatorium. Dzerzhinsky and the rest house "Petrovsky" forested landscapes include forests with predominance of Quercus robur (9Д1Кл). For the forest parks of the health resorts of the forest-steppe zone the General tendency of reduction of volume of crowns in connection with deterioration of the condition of vegetation caused by age is noted. (24376000 m3 – 97985110 m3). To enhance the recreational effect requires a significant increase in the share of decorative shrubs. In the total volume occupied by the canopy of plants at the present time it is insignificant – less than 1 %. It is recommended to introduce bushes into green plantings to optimize the spatial structure and increase the landscape and aesthetic attractiveness of sanatorium parks. Since the predominance of enclosed spaces in existing plantations of health resorts (more than 50 %) leads to monotony in the composition. The system of open (7-25), half-open (32-47%) will lead to the formation of appropriate recreational purposes and functions of plantations. To comply with the functions of the medical and health institution, taking into account regulatory documents, an increase in the area (by 20%) of the quiet recreation area is provided. On the basis of a comprehensive assessment of green areas of health resorts, taking into account the species diversity and types of landings, the classification of spatial organization is developed. The sanitary-hygienic and recreational potential, principles of selection and the range of decorative trees and bushes for renovation of sanatorium parks in the forest-steppe zone are defined. The rules of measures for the reconstruction of green spaces of Park areas of medical and health institutions are established.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.K. Lazarov ◽  
S.Kh. Dzanagov ◽  
A.V. Gazdanov ◽  
A.E. Basiev ◽  
Z.T. Kanukov ◽  
...  

The study revealed optimum doses, NPK combinations, terms and methods of fertilizer application, which provides for highly efficient use of nutrients thus maintaining the fertility of soils, high efficiency and high quality of winter wheat grains. The application of some mineral fertilizers was followed by some decrease (trend) of humus content in relation to control samples. The option manure+NPK was characterized by relative stabilization of humus condition of soil, and concerning the average humus content this option exceeded the control one by 0.32 %. Fertilizers clearly improved the nutrient status of leached chernozem under winter wheat enriching its 0–40 cm layer with mobile nitrogen (NН4+ and NO3−), phosphorus and potassium respectively by 6.0–9.2; 3.2–9.4; 9.3–36.7 and 21.5–32.8 mg/kg of soil on average per vegetation. Options with high doses of mineral fertilizers were characterized by the largest content. The application of fertilizers under winter wheat in N50−150P40−120K40−120 doses increased grain yield from 0.22 to 2.32 t/ha (6.9–72.5 %). The estimated option was the best.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Suleymanov ◽  
I. Yaparov ◽  
I. Saifullin ◽  
I. Vildanov ◽  
P. Shirokikh ◽  
...  

This paper presents the results of the state of postagrogenic ecosystems (18-20 years after the land was taken out of crop rotation) in the northern forest-steppe zone, Republic of Bashkortostan (South Ural) where soil cover is represented by postagrogenic gray-humus soils (Regosols). Probably, the unfavorable physical and agrochemical soil properties were a limiting factor in obtaining a profitable crop yield, and it was a reason for the withdrawal of land from agricultural use. Eighteen to twenty years since agricultural fields were taken out of crop rotation, a diverse vegetation cover has formed on postagrogenic soils. Analysis of the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) showed that more than 50% of the territory is covered by average and high vegetation development (low-grass meadows and forest communities). The active renewal of natural vegetation is conducted in the studied territory, which develops under the influence of zonal type vegetation and is in the transition stage from ruderal communities to low-grass meadows and different-aged secondary forests with domination of broad-leaved and light-coniferous tree species. The low content of organic carbon and basic nutrients in postagrogenic soils, at this stage of restoration, does not influence the formation and diversity of vegetation cover. However, vegetation continues to suffer the consequences of long-term agricultural use (mainly mechanical impact), resulting in a well-defined mosaic of vegetation communities, the poverty of the floristic composition and the presence of perennial weed species occurring in high abundance. It is better to maintain the land abandoned to further improve soil properties and reduce erosion.


2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 00126
Author(s):  
Alexander I. Syso ◽  
Andrey Y. Korolyuk ◽  
Boris A. Smolentsev

The effect of weather conditions and such soil properties as pH, salt content, as well as different forms of macroand trace elements, on phytocoenoses biodiversity and chemical element contents in the aboveground phytomass was investigated in the forest-steppe zone of the West Siberian plain. Soil chemical element composition and salinity content were found to affect the phytomass content of N, P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Sr, Li.


2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
V. Lopushniak

Aim. To establish the effect of different fertilization systems in short fi eld crop rotation on the change in the state of humus in the dark gray podzolic soils in Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field studies were carried out in a stationary experiment of the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry of the L’viv National Agrarian University; determination of humus content – according to DSTU 4289:2004, and that of its labile forms – in accordance with DSTU 4732:2007, fraction-group composition – by Ponomare- va-Plotnikova’s method, according to the measurement procedure 31-497058-008-2002. Results. The use of organo-mineral fertilizer system in short fi eld crop rotation with the saturation of organic fertilizers of 15 t/ha of crop rotation contributes to the humus content increase by 0.7 % after the third rotation in 0–40 cm layer of dark gray podzolic soil, the increase in the share of stable forms of humic compounds up to 57–59 % and the increase in the ratio of R HA :R FA to 1.3–1.4. The study demonstrated very high dependence of amount of gross energy reserves in the humus on the R HA :R FA ratio. Conclusions. The combined application of organic fertili- zers in the form of manure, non-market of the crop (straw) and siderate, along with mineral fertilizers is re- commended in short fi eld crop rotations of Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine toensure expanded reproduction of fertility of dark gray podzolic soil, improvement of its humus status, increase in gross energy reserves and the share of the stable forms and humic acids in the humus.


2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1(20)) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
V.O. Stadnyk ◽  
◽  
A.I. Samchuk ◽  
I.V. Kuraeva ◽  
K.V. Vovk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

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