scholarly journals Irrigation regime Influence on the growth and seedlings development of common fake chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) and Japanese safflower (Sophora japonica L.) in the highways landscaping

2021 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 04064
Author(s):  
Farxod Ubaydullaev ◽  
Alisher Xoliqov ◽  
Sardor Xudaybergenov ◽  
Tojinur Pulatova
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Aesculus Hippocastanum ◽  
Irrigation Regime ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Sophora Japonica ◽  
Technical Measures

It is important to accelerate the growth of seeds and seedlings when growing seedlings in forests and orchards in the landscaping of roads and residential areas. One of the effective methods is irrigation in the complex of agro-technical measures to improve the nursery. This shortens the growing time of seedlings and saplings of tree and shrub species, increases their quality while reducing labor costs per unit area.

Water Relations and Leaf Structure of the Evergreen Shrubs Eurya emarginata (Theaceae) and E. japonica in Coastal and Inland Habitats

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masako Mishio ◽  
Naoki Kachi
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Eurya Emarginata

Stomatal conductance and leaf water potential at around noon, pre-dawn leaf water potential, pressure–volume parameters, and leaf structural characteristics including leaf thickness, leaf dry mass per unit area and turgid leaf water content per unit area were compared between a coastal shrub species, Eurya emarginata (Thunb.) Makino and an inland shrub species, E. japonica Thunb. The pre-dawn leaf water potential was only slightly lower in E. emarginata than in E. japonica, and the environmental conditions such as the photosynthetic photon flux density and the vapour pressure deficit did not differ obviously between the two habitats. No apparent differences were observed in the pressure–volume parameters between the two species. On the other hand, E. emarginata had much higher stomatal conductance and significantly thicker leaves with higher turgid leaf water content per unit area than E. japonica. The thicker leaf with higher water content on an area basis in E. emarginata maintains adequate leaf turgor pressure against a higher rate of transpiration.

Estimating shrub biomass from basal stem diameters

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
James K. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Shrub Biomass ◽  
Linear Regressions ◽  
Diameter Classes

For 25 northern Rocky Mountain shrub species, linear regressions are presented for total aboveground weight on basal stem diameter (average r2 of 0.91) and for leaf weight on basal stem diameter (average r2 of 0.74). The percentage of stem-wood weight in diameter classes of 0 to 0.5 cm, 0.5 to 2 cm, and 2 to 5 cm varies with basal stem diameter and species growth characteristics (as shown in figures). For these classes, diameters of stem wood averaged 0.21 cm, 0.76 cm, and 2.37 cm, respectively; however, some species differed significantly from these averages. Coefficients of variation ranged from 60 to 340 for shrub weight per unit area sampled in 12 stands. Some distributions were positively skewed. Implications for sampling are discussed.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF WAYS OF SOLVING THE SEGMENTATION PROBLEM FOR HIGHLY TEXTURED OBJECTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-40
Author(s):  
S. I. Berezina ◽  
Yu. O. Gordienko ◽  
O. I. Solonets
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Color Characteristics ◽  
Analysis Window ◽  
Automated Processing ◽  
Interpretation Process ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Images Processing ◽  
Segmentation Problem

Increment of speed and reliability of aerospace images processing is directly related to solution of the task of automation of images interpretation process, which is achieved by minimizing search areas, detecting masked objects and defining the dynamics of changes in surveillance areas. The primary stage that in general determines the quality of results received by automated processing and interpretation is thematic segmentation of the image. In the process of thematic segmentation it is necessary to take into account presence of a large number of textured objects. The paper analyzes the ways of solving the segmentation problem for highly textured objects with large range of variation of possible color values. The research included separation of woodlands and single plants from meadows, steppes, etc., which are characterized by similar color characteristics, but differ in texture. It also included separation of residential areas from forests, which are characterized by the same grain size of texture and different color characteristics. The method of texture description, which is based on calculation of the number of differences in brightness per unit area of the image, the method of description and measurement of texture, characterized by the length of the series, the methods of texture description based on calculation of their fractal dimension have been investigated. In order to describe the texture by different methods, first of all, an aperture of the analysis window was defined. That aperture ensures separation of different classes of objects. The analyzed methods of texture description showed that areas of false identification are always present in the result images. It was determined that the best results were obtained with two of the discussed methods. The first one was the method of texture description and measurement based on calculation of the number of brightness differences per unit area of the image. The second one was the method of texture description based on calculation of fractal dimension by searching the area of the pyramid which covers image fragments. To obtain a more accurate segmented map of an image containing highly textured fragments, a combination of the two methods is suggested.

Naturally spreading and natural apple dwarfs in the forest-steppe zone of the Southern Urals

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
O. E. Merezhko ◽  
M. A. Mazunin ◽  
E. Z. Savin ◽  
A. I. Gridnev
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
South Urals ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
The Urals ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Early Maturity

The article presents tests of natural creeping apple trees and natural dwarfs, carried out in the in the conditions of the Orenburg region. There were from 50 to 100 trees in the experiment in each variant. Vigorous standard plantations were used as control. The aim of the research was to test natural creeping apple trees, natural dwarfs against the background of standard varieties bred in the South Urals (Chelyabinsk), as well as to determine their prospects for intensive horticulture in the extreme conditions of the region. The preservation of plantings for all variants of the experiment for 20 years of research is high and amounted to 92-99 %, their condition was estimated at 4.5-5.0 points. The highest yield was noted for natural dwarfs (457.2 c/ha), the smallest yield was obtained on vigorous standard plantings (control) – 238.7 c/ha. Naturally creeping apple trees in terms of productivity were higher than control by an average of 25 %. Of the naturally creeping varieties, the most productive were the varieties Podsnezhnik (348.3 c/ha), Chudnoe (335.2 c/ha), the least productive were the varieties Plastun and Kovrovoe (255.1 and 262.5 c/ha, respectively). On the natural dwarfs, the most productive variety was the variety Brat Chudnogo (461.2 c/ha). In the control, the most productive varieties were the varieties Symbol (295.9 c/ha) and Nadezhda (270.5 c/ha), less productive were the varieties Pamyat Zhavoronkova and Fevralskoe (208.0 and 224.1 c/ha, respectively). Low-growing plantations, in particular layer and natural varieties of the Urals, are distinguished by their early maturity and, in general, higher productivity per unit area. The highest labor costs are accounted for by natural dwarfs (485.4 person-day/ha) and the lowest in vigorous plantings (317.4 person-day/ha). This has a positive eff ect on the profit and rentability of production.

Landsat MSS Imagery to Estimate Residential Heat-Load Density

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1597-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Curran ◽  
T A Hobson
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Residential Heating ◽  
The City

Combined heat and power (CHP) schemes have the potential for reducing residential heating costs. As these schemes use waste heat from electricity generation, the power station associated with them must, for reasons of efficiency, be near to a region where the heat usage per unit area (heat-load density) is high. To plan CHP schemes, the heat-load density of urban areas needs to be mapped and monitored. To calculate heat-load density for residential areas workers have conventionally multiplied the number of dwellings per unit area by the average heat-load per dwelling. This is time-consuming and must be repeated in full, for each resurvey. In this paper the use of remotely sensed data from the Landsat Multispectral Scanning System (MSS) to estimate heat-load density is proposed. A survey using these data for the City of Sheffield was faster and no less accurate than a survey performed by conventional means. However, Landsat MSS data were unable to discriminate between more than four classes of heat-load density, a level of discrimination that may be increased if Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) or SPOT High Resolution Visible (HRV) data were to be used in future surveys of this kind.

scholarly journals Salinity Resistant of Introduced Woody-Shrub Species in Saline Soil of Absheron Peninsula

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
H. Asadov ◽  
S. Bagirova ◽  
I. Mirjalally ◽  
R. Efendiyeva ◽  
Atayeva
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Sophora Japonica ◽  
Chloride Sulfate

The aim of the scientific work is to identify the degree of salt tolerance of new tree-shrub species brought from various soil and climatic regions of the world, introduced and widely used in landscape arrangements on the Absheron peninsula of Azerbaijan. In connection with the expansion and development of urban development, greening arrangements are also expanded, the appearance of large cities changed, the number of new parks, boulevards and green spaces increased, especially in the coastal zones of the Caspian Sea embankments. The structure of the soil of the Absheron Peninsula is sandy, sandy-loamy, with low water retention capacity. The Absheron peninsula of Azerbaijan is characterized by a characteristic sign of arid zones. However, the soil composition remains unchanged, which is characterized by chloride-sulfate, sulfate-chloride and chloride-carbonate salinization. In the coastal zones, chloride-carbonate salinization predominates, mainly 1500–2000 m from the sea, mainly chloride – sulfate, and sulfate – chloride in the central part of the peninsula. Due to the degree of salinity, the degree of salt tolerance is different for different species of woody-shrub plants. In the natural flora of the peninsula tree species are completely absent, the species composition of shrubs is small, mainly are found ephemeral and ephemerid species of herbaceous plants. The objects of study were Magnolia grandiflora L., Cupressus macrocarpa L., Sophora japonica L., among shrubs Nandina domestica Thunb., Ligustrum japonicum Thunb., Jasminum nudiflorum L., Lisium chinensis Mill, Euonymus japonica L., Nerium oleander, new types of cypress trees, various types of palm trees, etc. It was revealed that, in saline soil of the Absheron peninsula, the degree of influence of salinizing ions (Cl−, SO42−, and CO32−) on the accumulation of chlorophylls in the leaves of new introduced species has a direct correlative relationship. Toxic ions affect the protein-chlorophyll bond, the destruction of chloroplasts, and a decrease in photosynthesis, resulting in the formation of chlorophyllide and phytic acid, which promotes the formation of burns on a leaf blade and reduced the photosynthetic productivity.

scholarly journals Assessment of the manufacturability of construction products in the renovation zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. 04045
Author(s):  
Pavel Oleinik
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Construction Products ◽  
Design Values ◽  
Industrial Zones

Nowadays, the large-scale development of the renovation of the housing stock of cities includes not only the reconstruction of residential areas, but also the actively expanding renovation of industrial zones. Moreover, each renovation area is characterized by a wide variety of residential and non-residential buildings, urban infrastructure facilities. According to the structure of renovation objects, eight main zones have been identified, which include various combinations of the above objects. At the same time, in the process of work, it is necessary to constantly monitor the compliance of technology regulations with the design values of the quality of construction products. For this, in order to assess both individual groups of objects and buildings and structures for the renovation zone in general, a system of manufacturability indicators is proposed. As a basic indicator, labor costs (machine time) are recommended, since it is the changes in the technology of work that immediately affect the work of construction teams and their links. The conditions are given under which it is possible to assert the compliance or non-compliance of the applied technological regulations with the design requirements. The sequence of establishing an integral indicator of the manufacturability of construction products during the period of their creation in the whole renovation zone is described.

scholarly journals Mısır Üretiminde Geleceğe Yönelik Beklenti Analizi

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 390
Author(s):  
Merve Bozdemir ◽  
Zeki Bayramoğlu ◽  
Kemalettin Ağızan ◽  
Süheyla Ağızan
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
High Water ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Labor Costs

Although Turkey's total agricultural land not decrease occurred over the years thanks to the presence of land brought into production economically in irrigated maize quality aquaculture operations have become widespread in Turkey. Maize in areas where watering is possible; it is a popular product in terms of aquaculture because of low labor costs, high efficiency advantage in unit area and easy access of the product market. The increase in irrigation areas in parallel production of maize; It is a product with high economic value but high water consumption. In this aspect, the aim of the study is to make analyzes about the sustainability of the agricultural activities, the solution of the problems encountered in the process from the sowing of the crop to the harvesting, and the expectations of the farmers. In the study, it was determined that agricultural operators have future concerns about input costs, storage facilities and consumption of water resources.

scholarly journals Фітосанітарний стан зелених насаджень міста Херсон

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Т. О. Бойко
Keyword(s):  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Aesculus Hippocastanum ◽  
Juniperus Virginiana ◽  
Taxus Baccata ◽  
Sophora Japonica ◽  
Populus Simonii ◽  
Rosa Canina ◽  
Buxus Sempervirens ◽  
Betula Pubescens Ehrh ◽  
Mahonia Aquifolium

Проаналізовано фітосанітарний стан зелених насаджень міста Херсон, багатий видовий склад дерев і кущів якого зумовили широкий спектр патогенних організмів та шкідників, що їх уражають. З'ясовано, що підвищення техногенного навантаження в урбанізованих екосистемах призвели до зниження життєздатності деревних рослин-едифікаторів Херсона. Встановлено, що патогенними організмами уражаються 45 видів досліджених деревних рослин міста. Виявлено, що найбільш вразливими до патогенних організмів є Acer negundo L., A. platanoides L., A. saccharinum L., Quercus robur L., Tilia cordata Mill., Aesculus hippocastanum L., Juglans regia L., Fraxinus excelsior L. За інтенсивністю пошкодження, яке впливає на життєвий стан рослин та їх декоративність, найбільш вразливими до дії фітопатогенів та ентомошкідників виявились Aesculus hippocastanum L., Buxus sempervirens L., Buxus sempervirens (Du Roi) Moench, Prunus divaricata Ledeb., Rosa canina L., Pinus pallasiana D. Don, Picea pungens Engelm., Juniperus virginiana L. З'ясовано, що низка дерев і кущів (Quercus rubra L., Betula pendula Roth, Betula pubescens Ehrh., Cotinus coggyria Scop., Sophora japonica L., Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) Koch, Mahonia aquifolium (Purh.) Nutt., Maclura acuminata L., Populus simonii Carr., Eucomia ulmoides Oliv., Albizia julibrissin Durazz, Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake, Ginkgo biloba L., Taxus baccata L.) є стійкими до дії шкідників та хвороб. Дослідження показали, що різні типи насаджень відрізняються за видовим складом патогенних організмів, а також за інтенсивністю пошкодження рослин-господарів. У паркових насадженнях частіше трапляються хвороби та шкідники листя або хвої деревних рослин. У вуличних насадженнях деревні рослини частіше пошкоджуються збудниками стовбурових і кореневих гнилей, листя рослин пошкоджуються американським білим метеликом та комахами-мінерами. Появі уражень та захворювань сприяють перестиглий вік насаджень, велике рекреаційне навантаження на зелені зони, а також відсутність регулярного кваліфікованого догляду за насадженнями. Тому на території дослідження рекомендовано проведення рубок формування та вибіркових санітарних рубок, а також регулярне та своєчасне здійснення агротехнічних заходів.

Residential Building Sound Pollution and Control Measures

2014 ◽  
Vol 945-949 ◽  
pp. 711-716
Author(s):  
Nan Xu ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Li Ma
Keyword(s):  
Residential Building ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Noise Generation ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Normal Life ◽  
Residential District ◽  
And Control ◽  
Technical Measures

Noise of building life, residential areas environmental equipment and residential district external seriously interferes with the normal life of the residents, the sources and the mechanism of noise generation are analyzed, technical measures of multi family residential building noise are put forward.

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