scholarly journals The formation of the leaf surface area and biomass of the miscanthus giganteus plants depending on the sewage sludge rate

2021 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 06009
Author(s):  
Vasyl Lopushniak ◽  
Нalyna Hrytsuliak ◽  
Mykhailo Gumentyk ◽  
Mykola Kharytonov ◽  
Bazena Barchak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
Leaf Surface Area

The case study to determine the peculiarities of Miscanthus giganteus aboveground biomass formation depending on sewage sludge and composts rate carried out in the Precarpathian region of Ivano- Frankivsk province on sod-podzolic soils. The largest area of the leaf surface of miscanthus is formed in the trials where fresh sewage sludge was applied in the rate of 20 - 40 t/ha. The leaf surface area increases from 19 up to 24.0 cm2/plant, and the yield of raw mass of plants at the level of 23.5 - 25.1 t/ha due to increasing rates of sewage sludge application. The highest indicators of net photosynthesis productivity were found in the period of intensive growth, which amounted to 7.78 g/m²/day and in the maturation period of 7.56 g/m²/day in the trial SS - 40 t/ha + N10P14K58. The amount of dry mass of miscanthus plants significantly depends on the height of the shoot and the leaf surface area of the plants. The use of compost based on sewage sludge and straw in a ratio of 3: 1 at a rate of 30 t/ha contributes to the dry weight of miscanthus plants at the level of 15 t/ha.

scholarly journals Predicting the allometry of leaf surface area and dry mass

2009 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl J. Niklas ◽  
Edward D. Cobb ◽  
Hanns-Christof Spatz
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Leaf Surface Area

scholarly journals Scaling Relationships between Leaf Shape and Area of 12 Rosaceae Species

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojing Yu ◽  
Cang Hui ◽  
Hardev S. Sandhu ◽  
Zhiyi Lin ◽  
Peijian Shi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Scaling Exponent ◽  
Rosaceae Species ◽  
Scaling Relationship ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Leaf surface area (A) and leaf shape have been demonstrated to be closely correlated with photosynthetic rates. The scaling relationship between leaf biomass (both dry weight and fresh weight) and A has been widely studied. However, few studies have focused on the scaling relationship between leaf shape and A. Here, using more than 3600 leaves from 12 Rosaceae species, we examined the relationships of the leaf-shape indices including the left to right side leaf surface area ratio (AR), the ratio of leaf perimeter to leaf surface area (RPA), and the ratio of leaf width to length (RWL) versus A. We also tested whether there is a scaling relationship between leaf dry weight and A, and between PRA and A. There was no significant correlation between AR and A for each of the 12 species. Leaf area was also found to be independent of RWL because leaf width remained proportional to leaf length across the 12 species. However, there was a negative correlation between RPA and A. The scaling relationship between RPA and A held for each species, and the estimated scaling exponent of RPA versus A approached −1/2; the scaling relationship between leaf dry weight and A also held for each species, and 11 out of the 12 estimated scaling exponents of leaf dry weight versus A were greater than unity. Our results indicated that leaf surface area has a strong scaling relationship with leaf perimeter and also with leaf dry weight but has no relationship with leaf symmetry or RWL. Additionally, our results showed that leaf dry weight per unit area, which is usually associated with the photosynthetic capacity of plants, increases with an increasing A because the scaling exponent of leaf dry weight versus A is greater than unity. This suggests that a large leaf surface area requires more dry mass input to support the physical structure of the leaf.

scholarly journals Drought Avoidance in Katsura by Drought-induced Leaf Abscission and Rapid Refoliation

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 871-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Dosmann ◽  
William R. Graves ◽  
Jeffery K. Iles
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Abscission ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Temporary Reduction ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

The limited use of the katsura tree (Cercidiphyllum japonicum Sieb. & Zucc.) in the landscape may be due to its reputed, but uncharacterized, intolerance of drought. We examined the responses of katsura trees subjected to episodes of drought. Container-grown trees in a greenhouse were subjected to one of three irrigation treatments, each composed of four irrigation phases. Control plants were maintained under well-hydrated conditions in each phase. Plants in the multiple-drought treatment were subjected to two drought phases, each followed by a hydration phase. Plants in the single-drought treatment were exposed to an initial drought phase followed by three hydration phases. Trees avoided drought stress by drought-induced leaf abscission. Plants in the multiple- and single-drought treatments underwent a 63% and 34% reduction in leaf dry weight and a 60% and 31% reduction in leaf surface area, respectively. After leaf abscission, trees in the single-drought treatment recovered 112% of the lost leaf dry weight within 24 days. Leaf abscission and subsequent refoliation resulted in a temporary reduction in the leaf surface area: root dry weight ratio. After relief from drought, net assimilation rate and relative growth rate were maintained at least at the rates associated with plants in the control treatment. We conclude that katsura is a drought avoider that abscises leaves to reduce transpirational water loss. Although plants are capable of refoliation after water becomes available, to maintain the greatest ornamental value in the landscape, siting of katsura should be limited to areas not prone to drought.

scholarly journals Development of Plants from Single-node Cuttings Differs among Cultivars of Red Maple and Freeman Maple

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorna C. Wilkins ◽  
William R. Graves ◽  
Alden M. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Leaf Surface Area

Six red maple (Acer rubrum L.) and four Freeman maple (A. ×freemanii E. Murray) cultivars were compared for rooting of single-node stem cuttings and subsequent development of rooted cuttings. Cuttings were taken in May 1990 and 1991 and treated with either 3 or 8 g IBA/kg. Rooting after 4 weeks differed among cultivars, ranging from 22% for `Karpick' to 100% for `Schlesinger' over both years. Rooting scores, based on root counts and lengths, were highest for `Schlesinger' and lowest for `Scarlet Sentinel' and `Karpick'. IBA at 8 g·kg–1 resulted in better rooting than at 3 g·kg–1. Mean length of shoots formed on potted rooted cuttings was 22.6 cm for `Franksred', which initiated shoots on 100% of the cuttings that rooted. In contrast, <50% of `Armstrong', `Jeffersred', `Karpick', `Northwood', and `Scarlet Sentinel' rooted cuttings initiated shoots, and mean length of new shoots was <4 cm for these cultivars. The amount of leaf desiccation that occurred after removing cuttings from the propagation bench varied among cultivars, and the percentage of viable leaf surface area correlated positively with final root or shoot dry mass for all cultivars. Chemical name used: indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).

scholarly journals The nutmeg seedlings growth under pot culture with biofertilizers inoculation

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Reginawanti Hindersah ◽  
Agusthinus Marthin Kalay ◽  
Henry Kesaulya ◽  
Cucu Suherman
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing

Abstract Nutmeg is important for national and community revenue mainly in Maluku Province where nutmeg seedlings are grown in low-fertility soil without fertilizer. A greenhouse experiment was performed to evaluate the response of nutmeg seedlings following the application of two different biofertilizer concortia. The experimental design was completely randomized block design, which tested the combination treatments of two rates and the application methods of biofertilizer concortium. The rates of “bacillus biofertilizer” was 0.15 and 0.3%, while the rates of “mixed biofertilizer” was 0.5 and 1.0%. Both biofertilizer were inoculated by foliar spray and soil application. The results verified that at 24 weeks after inoculation, biofertilizers increased the seedling growth traits which included plant height, shoot dry weight, leaf surface area, root number, and root dry weight over the control. Soil application by 1% of “mixed biofertilizer” consists of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing microbes resulted in better seedlings performance. However, the highest plant height was demonstrated by seedlings treated with 0.3% “bacillus biofertilizer” composed of phosphate solubilizing Bacillus. Biofertilizer inoculation also enhanced soil microbes and leaf surface area but did not change the root-to-shoot ratio of the seedlings. The results showed that biofertilizer inoculation improves the growth of nutmeg seedlings.

scholarly journals Cultural Treatment and Cutting Type Affects Growth of ‘Heritage’ Birch Rooted Cuttings

1985 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-146
Author(s):  
Daniel K. Struve
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Long Shoots ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Short Shoots

Rooted cuttings of Betula nigra ‘Heritage’ originating from short shoots were either staked and lateral shoots pruned to a 3 node length or were unstaked and unpruned. One hundred and twenty-five days following propagation, the pruned and staked plants had higher net assimilation rates and lower leaf area ratios than unstaked and unpruned plants. No differences in relative growth rates, total dry weight, root/shoot ratios or shoot length were observed between control and treated plants. Pruned and staked plants had, relative to unstaked and unpruned, less leaf surface area composed of fewer but larger leaves which produced more grams of dry weight per cm2 leaf surface area per day. Pruning and staking maximized economically important dry matter production without reducing total dry weight. Plants originating from long shoots had greater root, shoot and total dry weights, and required less staking to produce upright growth than plants originating from short shoots. By exploiting the beneficial topophysis growth of long shoots, nursery productivity can be increased.

scholarly journals High Root-zone Temperature Causes Similar Changes in Water Relations and Growth of Silver Maples from 33° and 44°N Latitude

1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Graves ◽  
Anthony S. Aiello
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Zone Temperature

Information on the heat resistance of silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.) could help develop stress-resistant Freeman maples (Acer ×freemanii E. Murray). Our first objective was to determine how 26, 30, 32, 34, and 36 °C in the root zone affect growth and water relations of plants from rooted cuttings of a silver maple clone indigenous to Mississippi (33.3 °N latitude). Fresh mass increased over time for plants at all temperatures and was highest for plants with root zones at 30 °C. Quadratic regression functions predicted maximal plant dry mass, leaf surface area, and stomatal conductance at 29, 29, and 28 °C, respectively. Stem xylem water potential (ψ) during the photoperiod decreased linearly with increasing root-zone temperature from -0.83 MPa at 26 °C to -1.05 MPa at 36 °C. Our second objective was to compare six clones of silver maple from the Mississippi location with six clones from 44.4 °N latitude in Minnesota for effects of 35 °C in the root zone on plant growth, stomatal conductance, and stem ψ. Provenance and temperature main effects were significant for most dependent variables, but there were no provenance × temperature interactions. Over both provenances, plant fresh and dry mass, leaf surface area, stomatal conductance, and stem ψ during the photoperiod were higher at 29 than 35 °C. Over both temperatures, plants from Minnesota clones had higher fresh and dry mass and more leaf surface area than plants from Mississippi clones. The lack of temperature × provenance interactions suggests that ecotypic or clinal variation in heat resistance is minimal and will not be useful for identifying superior genotypes for use in interspecific crosses with red maple (Acer rubrum L.).

Physiological ecology of lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta) in an enriched CO2 environment

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. O. Higginbotham ◽  
J. M. Mayo ◽  
S. L'Hirondelle ◽  
D. K. Krystofiak
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Light Response Curves ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Responses

Relatively little work has been done to evaluate the effects of chronically high levels of carbon dioxide on growth and physiology of woody plants. In this study, seedlings of lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. var. latifoliaEngelm.) were grown for 5-month periods at 330, 1000, or 2000 μL CO2•L−1. Height growth; leaf area production; biomass of leaves, stems, and roots; and photosynthetic responses to changing light, moisture, and CO2 concentration were measured. Significant differences between treatments were found in mean seedling height on all measurement dates. Seedlings grown at 1000 μL CO2•L−1 were tallest, with seedlings grown in 2000 μL•L−1 intermediate between the control (330 μL•L−1) and 1000 μL•L−1 treatments. The same relationship was found in production of total leaf surface area. Increased leaf surface area yields a productive advantage to seedlings grown at concentrations of CO2 up to 2000 μL•L−1 even if no increase in net photosynthesis is assumed. Biomass of stems, roots, and secondary leaves was increased in both elevated CO2 conditions, with root biomass approximately 15 times greater in seedlings grown at 1000 μL•L−1 than in those grown at 330 μL•CO2•L−1. Stomatal resistances were essentially the same for all treatments, indicating no CO2-induced stomatal closure to at least 2000 μL•L−1. Photosynthetic Vmax (milligrams per square decimetre per hour) for light response curves varied with CO2 concentration. If results are extrapolated beyond a 5-month period and into field conditions, it appears that size of trees, interactions with competitors, and ecological role of the species might be altered.

SOOTY MOULD DISEASES OF SOME TREES FROM AURANGABAD DISTRICT, MAHARASHTRA (INDIA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
NAVALSINGH J. TODAWAT
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Sooty Mould ◽  
Leaf Surface Area

Sooty mould diseases of Tress from Aurangabad district were surveyed. During the survey of tress, 5 species were found infected by fungal pathogens causing sooty mould diseases. Disease is easily identifiable by the presence of a black, velvety growth covering the leaf surface area. The fungus produces mycelium which is superficial and dark grows on the flowers, leaf, stem and sometime on fruits also. The severity of disease depends on the honeydew secretions by insects. The diseases were found to be caused by 5 species of fungi viz. Capnodium anonae, C. ramosum, Capnodium sp., Meliola bangalorensis and Meliola ranganthii.

INFLUENCE OF GROWTH REGULATORS AND LED IRRADIATORS ON PINE STRAWBERRY ADAPTATION

1970 ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
M. G. Markova ◽  
E. N. Somova
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Fragaria X Ananassa ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Light Effects ◽  
Control Version

Work on going through the adaptation stage of rooted micro-stalks comes down to searching for new growth regulators and studying the influence of external conditions, which include, among other things, light effects. The data of 2018-2019 on the effect of growth regulators Siliplant, EcoFus and experimental LED phytoradiators on the adaptation of rooted micro-stalks of garden strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa duch) in vivo are presented. The object of research is rooted micro-stalks of garden strawberries of the Korona variety. It was revealed that, at the adaptation stage of rooted micro-stalks of strawberries, the most effective was the treatment of plants by spraying with Siliplant at a concentration of 1.0 ml/l and the combined treatment with Siliplant and EcoFus at concentrations of 0.5 ml/l: regardless of lighting, the survival rate averaged 99.4 - 99.7%, the leaf surface area increased significantly from 291.85 mm2 to 334.4 mm2. The number of normally developed leaves of strawberry microplants increased significantly after treatment with all preparations from 3.5 to 6.0, 5.8 and 6.5 pcs/plant, and a significant increase in the height of strawberry rosettes was facilitated by treatment with Siliplant and Siliplant together with EcoFus. Regardless of growth regulators, the most effective was the experimental LED phyto-irradiator with a changing spectrum, which contributed to an increase in leaf surface area, height of rosettes and the number of normally developed leaves in strawberry microplants. When illuminated with a flashing phytoradiator, these indicators are lower than in the control version, but not significantly. By the end of the rooting stage, all microplants of garden strawberries corresponded to GOST R 54051-2010.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document