scholarly journals Development automated capture device for picking apples

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 07025
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Khort ◽  
Alexey Kutyrev ◽  
Igor Smirnov ◽  
Daniil Pupin
Keyword(s):  
Final Stage ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Stepper Motor ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Maximum Weight ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Minimal Damage ◽  
Series Of Experiments

In the system of the mechanized process of cultivation of fruit crops, harvesting is an important final stage, which requires the development of new, convenient, including those that do not damage the fruit, automated technical devices. As a result of a series of experiments, the operability of the developed automated fruit picking device was confirmed, it gently captures the fruit and reliably holds it. The operating modes of the automated device for picking fruits have been established. The following characteristics of the device for picking fruits were revealed: the time for a complete capture of the apple is from 1.5 seconds to 2 seconds, depending on their size, the maximum size of the captured apple is 85x80 mm, the maximum weight of the captured apple is 400 g. The permissible pressure of the paws of the device on the fruit is determined ... It was found that with the force of the linear stepper motor on the pusher in 8N, the safety of the apple is ensured with minimal damage, while the apple is securely fixed in the capture paws.

scholarly journals MAXIMUM WEIGHT CYCLE PACKING IN DIRECTED GRAPHS, WITH APPLICATION TO KIDNEY EXCHANGE PROGRAMS

2009 ◽  
Vol 01 (04) ◽  
pp. 499-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
PÉTER BIRÓ ◽  
DAVID F. MANLOVE ◽  
ROMEO RIZZI
Keyword(s):  
Directed Graphs ◽  
Exact Algorithm ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Maximum Weight ◽  
Packing Problems ◽  
Exchange Programs ◽  
Kidney Exchange ◽  
Cycle Packing

Centralized matching programs have been established in several countries to organize kidney exchanges between incompatible patient-donor pairs. At the heart of these programs are algorithms to solve kidney exchange problems, which can be modelled as cycle packing problems in a directed graph, involving cycles of length 2, 3, or even longer. Usually, the goal is to maximize the number of transplants, but sometimes the total benefit is maximized by considering the differences between suitable kidneys. These problems correspond to computing cycle packings of maximum size or maximum weight in directed graphs. Here we prove the APX-completeness of the problem of finding a maximum size exchange involving only 2-cycles and 3-cycles. We also present an approximation algorithm and an exact algorithm for the problem of finding a maximum weight exchange involving cycles of bounded length. The exact algorithm has been used to provide optimal solutions to real kidney exchange problems arising from the National Matching Scheme for Paired Donation run by NHS Blood and Transplant, and we describe practical experience based on this collaboration.

scholarly journals Influence of Microstepping Signal Shape on Shaft Movement Precision and Torque Variation of the Stepper Motor

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6107
Author(s):  
Bogdan Bednarski ◽  
Krzysztof Jackiewicz ◽  
Andrzej Gałecki
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Stepper Motor ◽  
Maximum Resolution ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Stepper Motors ◽  
Precise Movement ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Mathematical Analyses ◽  
Motor Operation

Stepper motors are widely used in many applications where discrete, precise movement is required. There is a variety of dedicated stepper motor controllers (sometimes referred to as “step sticks”) available on the market. Those controllers provide a number of different motor control schemes that vary by aspects like current control method, reference current shape or maximum resolution increase (microstepping). The two most widely acknowledged signal shapes are sine-cosine microstepping and quadrature microstepping. The choice of the control scheme impacts torque output, torque variation, positioning error and maximum power supply requirements. This paper presents a family of generalised microstepping signal shapes, ranging from sine-cosine microstepping to quadrature microstepping. Derivation of signal shapes as well as their mathematical analyses are provided. Those signals are then implemented on the control board. A series of experiments is performed on a test bench to analyse the influence of different signal shapes on the performance of the motor in both load and no load conditions. The comparison of the new generalized shapes influence on the motor operation to the commonly used sine-cosine and quadrature control is provided.

scholarly journals Device and Method of Formation of Porous Nutritional Coating on Seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Ermat Kubeev ◽  
Viktor Smelilk
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Soft Mode ◽  
New Method ◽  
Optimal Operating ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Design Calculations ◽  
Modern Technologies

Modern technologies for applying artificial shells are based on the principles of rolling or granulating with subsequent drying. This technology does not allow to get a gas - permeable porous shell, which often leads to the death of seeds during the formation of the shell, storage and transportation, and slow growth at the early stages of plant development. The aim of the research is to develop a new method and device for pre-sowing treatment of agricultural seeds, which can increase their germination, germination energy and ensure crop growth. A distinctive feature of the new method is that the shell is formed not by rolling, but by molding around the seed, followed by drying in a soft mode. This will form a porous, gas-permeable structure around the seed. Based on the mathematical description of the processes occurring during the introduction of seeds into the nutrient medium, the design calculations and calculations made a laboratory stand for the study of the seeds coating with a protective and nutritious shell, which consists of a mixing, sealing and seeding nodes. A series of experiments was conducted to study the operation of the stand in various modes. Optimal operating modes are identified.

scholarly journals Determination of the Friction Angle between the Wheat Ear and Stripper Fingers

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-425
Author(s):  
Vladimir Yu. Savin
Keyword(s):  
Friction Angle ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Angle Of Friction ◽  
Measuring Installation ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Angle Of Rotation

Introduction. Determining the angle of friction between stripper fingers and a wheat ear is an important task aimed at finding the optimal design parameters and operating modes of stripping devices. When stripper fingers and wheat ears interact, the relative position of the ear glumes, flower glumes, and grains is densified. In this case, the spikelet surface roughness changes. Materials and Methods. A series of experiments was carried out to determine the angles of friction between a steel stripper fingers and wheat ears. Wheat varieties “Moskovskaya 40” and “Moskovskaya 56” were selected for the study. The experimental measuring installation is a frame with a rotatable platform mounted on it with the adjustable angle of rotation. The goniometer head provides the ability to fix the platform rotation angle value. The weight suspended from the stem of the plant imitated the forces arising in the process of stripping. The width and thickness of the wheat ear were also measured and recorded. Results. The influence of the size of the wheat ear on the angle of friction is determined. The results of the study are divided into two groups. The following values of the friction angles were obtained: 26.4–31.5° for the wheat with ear width of less than 10.4 mm; 22.0–27.1° for the wheat with ear width of more than 10.4 mm. Discussion and Conclusion. The angles of friction of wheat ears on the stripper fingers for wheat varieties specific to the Central region are obtained. The dependence of the angle of friction on the ratio of the geometric dimensions of the wheat ear and the slit width of the stripper fingers is established. When a wheat ear width is less than 10.4 mm, an effect of pinching the spikelets between the stripper fingers was observed. In this case, the coefficient of friction noticeably increased.

scholarly journals Influence of Staking and Non-Staking on Tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa Brot.) Cultivation in Coastal Areas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eapshita Devi ◽  
Nusrat Jahan Methela ◽  
Mohammad Shafiqul Islam ◽  
Mahin Das ◽  
Abul Khayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saline Soil ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Maximum Weight ◽  
Financial Benefit

An experiment was carried out at Nabogram Khamarbari, near the Manannogor, Sadar Upazila, Noakhali District, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh during the period from 12th January 2018 to 17th April 2018, with two varieties of tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa Brot.) SAU tomatillo-1 and SAU tomatillo-2. It was laid out in RCBD method having three replications and was conducted to observe the influence of staking and non-staking on tomatillo cultivation in coastal areas. For the study, growth indicating characters like no. of leaves plant-1, size of leaf plant-1, height of each plant, no. of branches plant-1 and yield attributing parameters such as days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, no. of fruits branch-1, fruit weight and yield were obtained from the plants with the treatments of staking and non-staking. A wide variation was observed between two varieties of tomatillo with the effect of these treatments. According to the results highest no. of leaves branch-1, maximum size of leaves branch-1, tallest height of each plant, uppermost no. of branches plant-1, highest no. of fruits branch-1, maximum weight of each fruit and yield were obtained in the staking treatment over the non-staking treatment of SAU tomatillo-1 and in case of SAU tomatillo-2, with the same parameters the result indicated significantly upper in the staking treatment over non-staking treatment. Considering the two varieties of tomatillo, the outcome were significantly superior with staking treatment for the similar parameters. The findings of the experiment indicated that the best yield (21 tha1) and highest financial benefit could be obtained by SAU tomatillo-1 and the best tomatillo production in saline soil of coastal areas is possible by cultivating SAU tomatillo-1.

Combined Air Supply at Fuel Pump Entrance

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salimzhan Gafurov ◽  
Leonid Rodionov ◽  
Asgat Gimadiev
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Cfd Analysis ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
Fuel Pump ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Series Of Experiments

Previous research has shown that aviation fuel pumps, which consist of a screw and centrifugal wheels are the most loaded units of the gas turbine engines. Thus a fuel pump is the key component that limits the reliability and endurance of the fuel system and, as a result, of the whole engine. This paper describes the results of CFD simulations of the process getting free gas to enter the combined pump. The CFD analysis has been used to calculate an unsteady three-dimensional viscous flow of multi-component fluid in the fuel pump. The calculations have been used to determine unsteady loads of fuel pump in different operating modes. To examine the efficiency of the CFD analysis, we conducted a series of experiments. The experimental results proved the accuracy of the numerical model. The results can help to develop measures for the reduction of dynamic loads in aviation fuel pumps in case where combined air is at entrance to pump.

scholarly journals Optimization of Capacities of Wind and Solar Power Plants in the Interstate Power Grid in North-East Asia Taking Into Account the Intermittence of Their Power Output

2020 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 04005
Author(s):  
Leonid N. Trofimov ◽  
Ivan L. Trofimov
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
North East ◽  
Solar Power Plants ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Fossil Fuel Power Plants

The paper considers the problems of optimization of wind and solar power plants (WPP and SPP) expansion and it operating modes in the prospective interstate power grid (ISPG) in Northeast Asia, taking into account the intermittence of their power output. A series of experiments with variations in the profiles of WPP and SPP in the model nodes were carried out. Also authors carried out some additional experiments with the increase in fuel costs for fossil fuel power plants due to environmental restrictions. As a result, an assessment of the character of the changes in the solution of the model for new installed capacities and their costs, depending on the variations for the profiles of the contributions generation of WPP and SPP to cover daily electrical load graphs, is obtained.

scholarly journals NEW UNIVERSAL TECHNICAL MEANS FOR HARVESTING THE FRUITS FRUIT TREES

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
Юрий Шогенов ◽  
Yuriy Shogenov ◽  
Андрей Измайлов ◽  
Andrey Izmaylov ◽  
Бадри Ахалая ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Final Stage ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Industrial Technology ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Fruit Plantations

In Russia actively promoted (especially in specialized farms) industrial technology of cultivation of fruit crops, which provides a high, stable yields while reducing logistical cost and labor. In this regard, the industry fruit production, to create new types of fruit plantations in the framework of various organizational-legal management with the aim of increasing the area of gardens lush and tverdofaznyi fruit plantations [1]. Despite the great diversity of fruit trees by varieties and types, in the system of mechanized process of cultivation of fruit crops, harvesting is an important final stage, which requires the development of new, comfortable, including nemouridae the fruits of electro-mechanical technical means.

Report on Microgravity Experiments of Marangoni Convection Aboard International Space Station

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kawamura ◽  
Koichi Nishino ◽  
Satoshi Matsumoto ◽  
Ichiro Ueno
Keyword(s):  
Marangoni Convection ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Liquid Bridges ◽  
International Space ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Microgravity Experiments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Series Of Experiments

This paper reports some important results obtained from a series of microgravity experiments on the Marangoni convection that takes place in liquid bridges. This project, called Marangoni Experiment in Space (MEIS), started from August 22, 2008 as the first science experiment on the Japanese Experimental Module “KIBO” at the ISS. Two series of experiments, MEIS-1 and 2, were conducted in 2008 and 2009, respectively. The experimental methods used are explained in some detail. The maximum size of the liquid bridge that could be realized during these experiments was 30 mm in diameter and 60 mm in length, giving an aspect ratio of 2.0. The results are obtained for a wide range of aspect ratios of the liquid bridges, including the values that cannot be reached in 1 g experiments, and therefore, they provide indispensable amount of data for the study of instability mechanisms of the Marangoni convection.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF LINEAR TRANSLATION DEVICES WITH STEPPER MOTOR / LINIJINIŲ POSLINKIŲ ĮTAISŲ SU ŽINGSNINIAIS VARIKLIAIS TYRIMAS

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 632-636
Author(s):  
Dmitrij Komissarov ◽  
Artūras Kilikevičius ◽  
Artur Piščalov
Keyword(s):  
Sound Level ◽  
Stepper Motor ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Vibration Level ◽  
Ration Level ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Movement Characteristics ◽  
Translation Stage ◽  
Moving Platform

In order to ensure accuracy of motorized linear translation stages theoretical and experimental investigations were performed, that allow to establish moving platform vibration level depending of operating modes (different velocities) and used lubricant in the system. Lubricants had different viscosity, which has effect to the system moving smoothness, sound level and vibration level of the stage. Such work gives possibility to done conclusions: with what lubricant or with what viscosity of the lubricant motorized linear translation stage works smoother, with less noise and vib-ration level, and also show best movement characteristics. Siekiant užtikrinti linijinių poslinkių įtaisų tikslumą, buvo atlikti linijinio poslinkio įtaiso su žingsniniu varikliu teoriniai ir eksperimentiniai dinamikos tyrimai. Buvo nustatytas judamosios platformos virpesių lygis priklausomai nuo darbo režimų (skirtingų greičių) ir mazge naudojamo tepalo. Tepalai skiriasi savo klampumu. Šis parametras turi įtakos įtaiso judėjimo sklandumui ir virpesių lygiui mazge.

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