scholarly journals Research on the Spatio-temporal Differences in the Living Standards of the Counties under the Shandong Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 293 ◽  
pp. 03027
Author(s):  
Hongwu Cui ◽  
Qian Yang
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Temporal Differences ◽  
Degree Of Dispersion ◽  
Annual Changes ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Difference

Using the method of district statistics to verify the correlation of NPP-VIIRS night light data and GDP, the difference between counties in Shandong from 2012 to 2019 can be analysed and the changes of living standards can be quantified. After obtaining the total value of night light brightness in each county, the coefficient of variation is used to calculate the degree of dispersion of each county, and then the regional differences of each city in 2019 and the inter-annual changes from 2012 to 2019 are analyzed and displayed. In conclusion, living standards of different countries in Shandong are different, and the difference becomes obvious with the growth of GDP. However,the difference of living standards of most countries becomes smaller in recent years.

scholarly journals Annual Spread Rate of Tomentosus Root Disease

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 1053-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Hunt ◽  
F. G. Peet
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Uninfected Control ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Spread Rate ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Temporal Differences ◽  
The Difference ◽  
A New Technique

The spread rate of tomentosus root disease, caused by Inonotus tomentosus, was investigated by a new technique employing temporal differences in the initiation of the reduced annual radial increment between pairs of diseased trees. Pairs of infected trees (stumps) located on the periphery of disease centers were selected in each of six widely separated spruce (Picea spp.) stands in British Columbia. Distances between 12 pairs of stumps were measured, and disks were collected from each stump. Similarly, disks from four additional pairs were collected from trees in a younger stand. Uninfected control disks were collected for all sites. Tree-ring measurements were determined for all disk samples and the year in which the reduction of the annual increment attributable to I. tomentosus began was determined for infected trees. The difference between initiation years for pairs of infected trees divided into the distance between them produced an average annual spread rate of 20 cm/yr. This rate will be used in developing a model for the disease.

scholarly journals Regional differences in mortality rates during the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Danila Azzolina ◽  
Giulia Lorenzoni ◽  
Luciano Silvestri ◽  
Ilaria Prosepe ◽  
Paola Berchialla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Disease Diffusion

Abstract Objective The COVID-19 outbreak started in Italy on February 20th, 2020, and has resulted in many deaths and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. This study aimed to illustrate the epidemic COVID-19 growth pattern in Italy by considering the regional differences in disease diffusion during the first three months of the epidemic. Study design and methods Official COVID-19 data were obtained from the Italian Civil Protection Department of the Council of Ministers Presidency. The mortality and ICU admission rates per 100 000 inhabitants were calculated at the regional level and summarized via a Bayesian multilevel meta-analysis. Data were retrieved until April 21st, 2020. Results The highest cumulative mortality rates per 100 000 inhabitants were observed in northern Italy, particularly in Lombardia (85.3, 95% credibility intervals [CI] 75.7–94.7). The difference in the mortality rates between northern and southern Italy increased over time, reaching a difference of 67.72 (95% CI = 66–67) cases on April 2nd. Conclusions Northern Italy showed higher and increasing mortality rates during the first three months of the epidemic. The uncontrolled virus circulation preceding the infection spreading in southern Italy had a considerable impact on system burnout. This experience demonstrates that preparedness against the pandemic is of crucial importance to contain its disruptive effects.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal evolution and influencing mechanism of the COVID-19 epidemic in Shandong province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinlong Shi ◽  
Xing Gao ◽  
Shuyan Xue ◽  
Fengqing Li ◽  
Qifan Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) outbreak that emerged in late 2019 has posed a severe threat to human health and social and economic development, and thus has become a major public health crisis affecting the world. The spread of COVID-19 in population and regions is a typical geographical process, which is worth discussing from the geographical perspective. This paper focuses on Shandong province, which has a high incidence, though the first Chinese confirmed case was reported from Hubei province. Based on the data of reported confirmed cases and the detailed information of cases collected manually, we used text analysis, mathematical statistics and spatial analysis to reveal the demographic characteristics of confirmed cases and the spatio-temporal evolution process of the epidemic, and to explore the comprehensive mechanism of epidemic evolution and prevention and control. The results show that: (1) the incidence rate of COVID-19 in Shandong is 0.76/100,000. The majority of confirmed cases are old and middle-aged people who are infected by the intra-province diffusion, followed by young and middle-aged people who are infected outside the province. (2) Up to February 5, the number of daily confirmed cases shows a trend of “rapid increase before slowing down”, among which, the changes of age and gender are closely related to population migration, epidemic characteristics and intervention measures. (3) Affected by the regional economy and population, the spatial distribution of the confirmed cases is obviously unbalanced, with the cluster pattern of “high–low” and “low–high”. (4) The evolution of the migration pattern, affected by the geographical location of Wuhan and Chinese traditional culture, is dominated by “cross-provincial” and “intra-provincial” direct flow, and generally shows the trend of “southwest → northeast”. Finally, combined with the targeted countermeasures of “source-flow-sink”, the comprehensive mechanism of COVID-19 epidemic evolution and prevention and control in Shandong is revealed. External and internal prevention and control measures are also figured out.

High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Fensulfothion: Collaborative Study

1983 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 801-803
Author(s):  
Margie E Owen ◽  
◽  
O O Bennett ◽  
L T Chenery ◽  
C J Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Matched Pair ◽  
Standard Material ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Determination ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract A method for analyzing fensulfothion was tested by 10 collaborators. Formulations were dissolved, or extracted from inerts, in methanol. Benzophenone was used as an internal standard. The solution was diromatographed on a Partisil-10 ODS-2, or equivalent, reverse phase column, and detected at 230 nm. A mobile phase of methanol-water-phosphoric acid was used. The ratio of fensulfothion peak height to benzophenone peak height was calculated from the UV response and compared to the standard material for quantitation. A 15% granular formulation was analyzed as a matched pair. The results of one collaborator were outliers by the Dixon test. The coefficient of variation for the granular formulation was 1.6%. A matched pair of 63% spray concentrate samples was analyzed by 10 collaborators. The difference in results was an outlier for one collaborator; the coefficient of variation for the other collaborators was 1.5%. The method has been adopted official first action.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Differences in Dystrophin Dynamics at mRNA and Protein Levels Revealed by a Novel FlipTrap Line

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e0128944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederique Ruf-Zamojski ◽  
Vikas Trivedi ◽  
Scott E. Fraser ◽  
Le A. Trinh
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Differences ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Spatio Temporal

scholarly journals Ad hoc properties and locations in Maltese

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 64-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gréte Dalmi
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Semantic Theory ◽  
Alternative States ◽  
Verbal Predicate ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Copular Sentences ◽  
Event Variable ◽  
Temporal Variable ◽  
Account Variation

This paper aims to show that the four-way BE-system of Maltese can best be accommodated in a theory of non-verbal predication that builds on alternative states, without making any reference to the Davidsonian spatio-temporal event variable. The existing theories of non-verbal predicates put the burden of explaining the difference between the ad hoc vs. habitual interpretations either solely on the non-verbal predicate, by postulating an event variable in their lexical layer (see Kratzer 1995; Adger and Ramchand 2003; Magri 2009; Roy 2013), or solely on the copular or non-copular primary predicate, which contains an aspectual operator or an incorporated abstract preposition, responsible for such interpretive differences (Schmitt 2005, Schmitt and Miller 2007, Gallego and Uriagereka 2009, 2011, Marín 2010, Camacho 2012). The present proposal combines Maienborn’s (2003, 2005a,b, 2011) discourse-semantic theory of copular sentences with Richardson’s (2001, 2007) analysis of non-verbal adjunct predicates in Russian, based on alternative states. Under this combined account, variation between the ad hoc vs. habitual interpretations of non-verbal predicates is derived from the presence or absence of a modal OPalt operator that can bind the temporal variable of non-verbal predicates in accessible worlds, in the sense of Kratzer (1991). In the absence of this operator, the temporal variable is bound by the T0 head in the standard way. The proposal extends to non-verbal predicates in copular sentences as well as to argument and adjunct non-verbal predicates in non-copular sentences.

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