scholarly journals Prospects of freight traffic redirection from rail to water transport through the example of the Amur Basin and coal export transportation

2021 ◽  
Vol 326 ◽  
pp. 00020
Author(s):  
Grigoriy Deruzhinskiy ◽  
Petr Kurenkov ◽  
Sergey Vakulenko ◽  
Kirill Kalinin ◽  
Maria Romenskaya
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Mass Transportation ◽  
Amur Basin ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
River Transport ◽  
Multimodal Transport ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Large Scale Project

The authors consider the prospects for the development of coal industry and its export potential. The facts of the development of mass transportation of coal by rail in the direction of port transport hubs are given. There is an acute problem of finding new supply channels. In these conditions, it is proposed to start the implementation of a large-scale project for the development of a multimodal transport scheme for the export of coal using river transport. During the 140-day navigation period along the rivers of the Amur Basin in the summer months, a large volume of export coal can be transported to the Far Eastern seaports. Three logistic schemes are proposed and a list of individual subprojects for the development of transport infrastructure for the needs of this project for the transportation of coal from Kuzbass, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Buryatia and Yakutia is given. It is proposed to organize transshipment from railway to river transport in three hubs: Sretensk, Dzhalinda and Verkhnezeisk. Each logistic scheme will be focused on a certain volume of transportation and has its own advantages and disadvantages. The authors invite the transport community to actively discuss this format of transportation due to the urgent need to find ways to develop cargo flows. Each of the three logistic schemes can be considered separately or in combination with others.

China-Pakistan economic corridor: state and prospects

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-71
Author(s):  
S. Sutyrin ◽  
V. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Market ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Middle Kingdom ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
History Of ◽  
Large Scale Project

The article discusses the main aspects of the most important joint project with the people’s Republic of China to create the China-Pakistan economic corridor (CPEC) in the modern history of Pakistan. The transformation of China into an economic superpower, as well as the gradual strengthening of its geopolitical capabilities, has led to the need to form a belt of States loyal to China, ensuring its uninterrupted supply of raw materials, as well as providing Beijing with its transport infrastructure to ensure its unhindered access to the world market. In many ways, Pakistan is an exemplary partner for the middle Kingdom. More than half a century of interaction between the two countries in the political and economic spheres, against the background of the gradual reduction of Pakistan’s dependence on the United States in the 1990s, has led to the fact that the PRC has become a key partner for Islamabad. The implementation of such a large-scale project is not only of great importance for the participating countries, but is also of great interest in the geopolitical context.

Implantable neural interfaces

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Vassanelli
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ionic Channels ◽  
Patch Clamp Technique ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Physical Interfaces ◽  
The Brain

Establishing direct communication with the brain through physical interfaces is a fundamental strategy to investigate brain function. Starting with the patch-clamp technique in the seventies, neuroscience has moved from detailed characterization of ionic channels to the analysis of single neurons and, more recently, microcircuits in brain neuronal networks. Development of new biohybrid probes with electrodes for recording and stimulating neurons in the living animal is a natural consequence of this trend. The recent introduction of optogenetic stimulation and advanced high-resolution large-scale electrical recording approaches demonstrates this need. Brain implants for real-time neurophysiology are also opening new avenues for neuroprosthetics to restore brain function after injury or in neurological disorders. This chapter provides an overview on existing and emergent neurophysiology technologies with particular focus on those intended to interface neuronal microcircuits in vivo. Chemical, electrical, and optogenetic-based interfaces are presented, with an analysis of advantages and disadvantages of the different technical approaches.

scholarly journals Why ability point estimates can be pointless: a primer on using skill measures from large-scale assessments in secondary analyses

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens M. Lechner ◽  
Nivedita Bhaktha ◽  
Katharina Groskurth ◽  
Matthias Bluemke
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Point Estimates ◽  
Secondary Analyses ◽  
Large Scale Assessments

AbstractMeasures of cognitive or socio-emotional skills from large-scale assessments surveys (LSAS) are often based on advanced statistical models and scoring techniques unfamiliar to applied researchers. Consequently, applied researchers working with data from LSAS may be uncertain about the assumptions and computational details of these statistical models and scoring techniques and about how to best incorporate the resulting skill measures in secondary analyses. The present paper is intended as a primer for applied researchers. After a brief introduction to the key properties of skill assessments, we give an overview over the three principal methods with which secondary analysts can incorporate skill measures from LSAS in their analyses: (1) as test scores (i.e., point estimates of individual ability), (2) through structural equation modeling (SEM), and (3) in the form of plausible values (PVs). We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method based on three criteria: fallibility (i.e., control for measurement error and unbiasedness), usability (i.e., ease of use in secondary analyses), and immutability (i.e., consistency of test scores, PVs, or measurement model parameters across different analyses and analysts). We show that although none of the methods are optimal under all criteria, methods that result in a single point estimate of each respondent’s ability (i.e., all types of “test scores”) are rarely optimal for research purposes. Instead, approaches that avoid or correct for measurement error—especially PV methodology—stand out as the method of choice. We conclude with practical recommendations for secondary analysts and data-producing organizations.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 vaccines strategies: a comprehensive review of phase 3 candidates

npj Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos C. Kyriakidis ◽  
Andrés López-Cortés ◽  
Eduardo Vásconez González ◽  
Alejandra Barreto Grimaldos ◽  
Esteban Ortiz Prado
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World

AbstractThe new SARS-CoV-2 virus is an RNA virus that belongs to the Coronaviridae family and causes COVID-19 disease. The newly sequenced virus appears to originate in China and rapidly spread throughout the world, becoming a pandemic that, until January 5th, 2021, has caused more than 1,866,000 deaths. Hence, laboratories worldwide are developing an effective vaccine against this disease, which will be essential to reduce morbidity and mortality. Currently, there more than 64 vaccine candidates, most of them aiming to induce neutralizing antibodies against the spike protein (S). These antibodies will prevent uptake through the human ACE-2 receptor, thereby limiting viral entrance. Different vaccine platforms are being used for vaccine development, each one presenting several advantages and disadvantages. Thus far, thirteen vaccine candidates are being tested in Phase 3 clinical trials; therefore, it is closer to receiving approval or authorization for large-scale immunizations.

scholarly journals The Revitalization of the Historic Centre of the Town Slany

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Zuzana Pešková
Keyword(s):  
Regional Policy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Test Theory ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Practical Design ◽  
Historic Centre ◽  
Reconstruction Project ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Town ◽  
Large Scale Project

In 2006, the town council of Slany decided to respond to the new trend of regional policy in the Central Bohemia region and focused on the revitalization of the historic core of the town. The large-scale project was assigned to a team of professionals (teachers and graduates of the Faculty of Civil Engineering of the Czech Technical University in Prague), led by Professor Sykora. Team members are to deal with issues of historical centre. The project presented a challenge to test theory, principles and procedures in practical design. The projected area featured Masaryk Square and 22 adjacent streets defined by the existing town walls. The reconstruction project of Vinarickeho Street was the first part of the overall project of revitalization of the historic core of the town chosen to implement. This reconstruction was one of the most technically, organizationally and financially complex works that have been undertaken in Slany recently. Construction started in November 2010 and lasted one year. Although this is a project of smaller scope, thanks to its complexity, sensitive approach and craftsmanship it brought the creators the price Construction of the Year 2012 in the Central Bohemia region and advanced to the second round in the competition Construction of the Year 2012 in Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Linear RankSVM

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Pei Lee ◽  
Chih-Jen Lin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Trees ◽  
Computational Efficiency ◽  
Efficient Algorithm ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Learning To Rank ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Baseline Model ◽  
Nonlinear Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Linear Ranksvm

Linear rankSVM is one of the widely used methods for learning to rank. Although its performance may be inferior to nonlinear methods such as kernel rankSVM and gradient boosting decision trees, linear rankSVM is useful to quickly produce a baseline model. Furthermore, following its recent development for classification, linear rankSVM may give competitive performance for large and sparse data. A great deal of works have studied linear rankSVM. The focus is on the computational efficiency when the number of preference pairs is large. In this letter, we systematically study existing works, discuss their advantages and disadvantages, and propose an efficient algorithm. We discuss different implementation issues and extensions with detailed experiments. Finally, we develop a robust linear rankSVM tool for public use.

Overview on the Liquid Metal Battery for Grid-Level Large-Scale Energy Storage

2016 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 572-578
Author(s):  
Li Fu ◽  
Qi Chi Le ◽  
Xi Bo Wang ◽  
Xuan Liu ◽  
Wei Tao Jia
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison ◽  
Development And Utilization ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Liquid Metal Battery ◽  
Grid Level

In recent years, the development and utilization of renewable generation have attracted more and more attention, and the grid puts forward higher requirements to the energy storage technology, especially for security, stability and reliability. The liquid metal battery (LMB) consists of two liquid metal electrodes and a molten salt electrolyte, which will be segregated into three liquid layers naturally. Being low-cost and long-life, it is regarded as the best choice for grid-level large-scale energy storage. This paper describes the main structure and working principle of the LMB, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the LMB when compared with the traditional batteries, and explores the feasibility and economy when it is used as a kind of large-scale energy storage applied in the power grid. The paper also makes a comprehensive comparison on the performance of several LMBs, and points out the LMB’s research and development in the future.

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