scholarly journals The different behaviour of Thermotoga neapolitana in the anodic and cathodic compartment of a bioelectrochemical system

2022 ◽  
Vol 334 ◽  
pp. 08008
Author(s):  
Pierangela Cristiani ◽  
Laura Malavola ◽  
Silvia Franz ◽  
Massimiliano Bestetti ◽  
Giuliana D’Ippolito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Thermotoga Neapolitana ◽  
Electrochemical System ◽  
Bioelectrochemical System ◽  
Electrochemical Systems ◽  
Hyperthermophilic Bacterium ◽  
The Media ◽  
Energy Application ◽  
Cathodic Compartment ◽  
Double Chamber

Thermotoga neapolitana is a hyperthermophilic bacterium that can metabolize glucose and several organic wastes in hydrogen and lactate at a temperature of 80°C. Their high performance in producing hydrogen at so high a temperature as 80°C suggests a potential energy application of them where hydrogen is an important element of the process. In this view, experimentation of a T.neapolitana strain is carried out in double-chamber electrochemical systems. The aim is to explore the interaction of these bacteria with the anode and the cathode, stressing their capability to survive in presence of a polarized electrode which can drastically change the pH of the media. A culture enriched of 5 g/L of glucose, under CO2 pressure (80 °C) was used to fill both the anodic and cathodic compartments of the electrochemical system, applying a voltage of 1.5 V between the anode and the cathode. The test lasted ten days. Results clearly indicate that bacteria colonize both electrodes, but the glucose metabolism is completely inhibited in the anodic compartments. On the contrary, metabolism is stimulated in the cathodic compartment. Bacteria are alive on the electrodes in the pH interval of 3 - 9.

scholarly journals Decentralized wastewater treatment using a bioelectrochemical system to produce methane and electricity

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-621
Author(s):  
Cynthia J. Castro ◽  
Varun Srinivasan ◽  
Joshua Jack ◽  
Caitlyn S. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Bioelectrochemical System ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Decentralized Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Electrochemical Systems ◽  
Decentralized Treatment ◽  
Suspended Growth

Biological electrochemical systems (BESs) have the potential for decentralized treatment in developing countries. A 46 L, two-chamber, hydraulically partitioned microbial fuel cell (MFC) was designed to replicate low-flow scenarios leaving a composting toilet. The co-evolution of electricity and methane in this MFC was evaluated by testing two distinct waste streams: synthetic feces (Case F) and municipal primary effluent (Case W). Oxidation of organic matter was 76 ± 24% during Case F and 67 ± 21% during Case W. Methanogenesis was dominant in the anode, yielding potential power of 3.3 ± 0.64 W/m3 during Case F and 0.40 ± 0.07 W/m3 during Case W. Electrical power production was marginal, Case F = 4.7 ± 0.46 and Case W = 10.6 ± 0.39 μW/m3, although potentially useful in energy-limited areas. Complimentary batch cultivations with anode inocula yielded greater methane production in the presence of graphite. 74 ± 11% more methane was produced with graphite than suspended growth enrichments and 58 ± 10% more than enrichments with non-conductive plastic beads. The co-production of methane and electricity in an MFC may have utility in decentralized treatment. Further work is needed to optimize power from both electricity and methane.

scholarly journals Artificial intelligence in paediatric radiology: Future opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (1117) ◽  
pp. 20200975
Author(s):  
Natasha Davendralingam ◽  
Neil J Sebire ◽  
Owen J Arthurs ◽  
Susan C Shelmerdine
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Image Interpretation ◽  
Paediatric Radiology ◽  
Radiology Service ◽  
Clinical Radiology ◽  
The Media ◽  
Performance Statistics ◽  
Image Pattern

Artificial intelligence (AI) has received widespread and growing interest in healthcare, as a method to save time, cost and improve efficiencies. The high-performance statistics and diagnostic accuracies reported by using AI algorithms (with respect to predefined reference standards), particularly from image pattern recognition studies, have resulted in extensive applications proposed for clinical radiology, especially for enhanced image interpretation. Whilst certain sub-speciality areas in radiology, such as those relating to cancer screening, have received wide-spread attention in the media and scientific community, children’s imaging has been hitherto neglected. In this article, we discuss a variety of possible ‘use cases’ in paediatric radiology from a patient pathway perspective where AI has either been implemented or shown early-stage feasibility, while also taking inspiration from the adult literature to propose potential areas for future development. We aim to demonstrate how a ‘future, enhanced paediatric radiology service’ could operate and to stimulate further discussion with avenues for research.

Degradation of 2-Chlorophenol Using a Pd/MWNTs Gas Diffusion Electrode in the Divided Cell

2012 ◽  
Vol 260-261 ◽  
pp. 499-504
Author(s):  
Zhi Peng Zeng ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Zhao Yong Bian ◽  
Lei Pang
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Toc Removal ◽  
Simultaneous Oxidation ◽  
Divided Cell ◽  
Cathodic Compartment

In a diaphragm electrolyze system with a Ti/RuO2/IrO2 anode and the Pd/MWNTs gas diffusion cathode, the degradation of 2-chlorophenol was fully studied by the electrochemical reduction and the simultaneous oxidation of the cathode and anode. The results indicated that the Cl- removal reached 90.5% after 80 min electrolysis with H2 feeding. After 120 min electrolysis, the removal of 2-chlorophenol in the anodic and cathode compartments were 88.8% and 98.5%, respectively. Additionally, the TOC removal reached 75% and 85.6% in the anodic and cathodic compartment respectively after 140 min. By the UV scanner analysis of the electrolyte, the 4-chlorophenol and benzoquinone were oxidized by the oxides formed on the cathode, while the benzoquinone was found accumulated in the anodic compartment. Based on the analysis of electrolysis intermediates using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ion chromatography (IC), the electrolysis degradation of 2-chlorophenol was proposed containing the intermediates, such as phenol, hydroquinone, benzoquinone, maleic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, malonic acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid and formic acid.

Characterization of an exo-acting intracellular α-amylase from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga neapolitana

2009 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 555-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung-Min Park ◽  
So-Young Jun ◽  
Kyoung-Hwa Choi ◽  
Kwan-Hwa Park ◽  
Cheon-Seok Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermotoga Neapolitana ◽  
Hyperthermophilic Bacterium

F- and V-type ATPases in the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga neapolitana

Extremophiles ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 369-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshii Iida ◽  
Ken-ichi Inatomi ◽  
Yoichi Kamagata ◽  
Tadashi Maruyama
Keyword(s):  
Thermotoga Neapolitana ◽  
Hyperthermophilic Bacterium

Magnetic Recording Head Materials

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Brug ◽  
Thomas C. Anthony ◽  
Janice H. Nickel
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Recording ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Disk Drive ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Disk Drives ◽  
Recording Heads ◽  
Tremendous Amount ◽  
The Media ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Magnetic Recording Heads

The materials used in magnetic recording heads have recently received a tremendous amount of attention. This has been the result of a fortunate set of circumstances. Ever-increasing demands for information storage, especially for graphics-intensive applications, have necessitated unprecedented increases in disk-drive areal densities. Combined with this are recent discoveries in the area of magnetoresistive materials, enabling the design and fabrication of much more sensitive recording heads. The end result is a flurry of activity that has come to dominate the field of magnetics. This article will explore choices for magnetoresistive read head materials, with an emphasis on the materials challenges.The recording heads that are used in high-performance disk drives typically consist of separate magnetoresistive read and inductive write heads (see Figure 1) where previously a single inductive head performed both functions. Separation of the two heads allows each to be optimized for their individual function, an essential factor in enabling disk drives to contain gigabytes of storage. The write head is the simpler of the two, consisting of a U-shaped ferromagnet surrounding a set of coils. The ends of the ferromagnet are the magnetic poles defining the write gap. When current passes through the coils, a field bridges the gap, setting the orientation of the magnetization in the media. Information is stored by changing the polarity of the current in order to write a pattern of magnetic domains in the media. The materials used in write poles will be reviewed in the section, Write Head Materials.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Self-Powered Electrochemical Systems

Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Linglin Zhou ◽  
Di Liu ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Lixia He ◽  
Xia Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽  
Application Domain ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Electrochemical System ◽  
Electrochemical Systems ◽  
External Power Source ◽  
External Power ◽  
Self Powered

Electrochemistry, one of the most important research and production technology, has been widely applicated in various fields. However, the requirement of external power source is a major challenge to its development. To solve this issue, developing self-powered electrochemical system (SPES) that can work by collecting energy from the environment is highly desired. The invention of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), which can transform mechanical energy into electricity, is a promising approach to build SPES by integrating with electrochemistry. In this view, the latest representative achievements of SPES based on TENG are comprehensively reviewed. By harvesting various mechanical energy, five SPESs are built, including electrochemical pollutants treatment, electrochemical synthesis, electrochemical sensor, electrochromic reaction, and anticorrosion system, according to the application domain. Additionally, the perspective for promoting the development of SPES is discussed.

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