Variations of construction cost associated to leaf area renewal 
in saplings of two co-occurring temperate tree species 
(Acer platanoides L. and Fraxinus excelsior L.) along a light gradient

AbstractWe evaluated the effect of ENSO 2015/16 on the water relations of eight tree species in seasonally dry tropical forests of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. The functional traits: wood density, relative water content in wood, xylem water potential and specific leaf area were recorded during the rainy season and compared in three consecutive years: 2015 (pre-ENSO conditions), 2016 (ENSO conditions) and 2017 (post-ENSO conditions). We analyzed tree size on the capacity to respond to water deficit, considering young and mature trees, and if this response is distinctive in species with different leaf patterns in seasonally dry tropical forests distributed along a precipitation gradient (700–1200 mm year−1). These traits showed a strong decrease in all species in response to water stress in 2016, mainly in the driest site. Deciduous species had lower wood density, higher predawn water potential and higher specific leaf area than evergreen species. In all cases, mature trees were more tolerant to drought. In the driest site, there was a significant reduction in water status, regardless of their leaf phenology, indicating that seasonally dry tropical forests are highly vulnerable to ENSO. Vulnerability of deciduous species is intensified in the driest areas and in the youngest trees.

Download Full-text

A Note on the Association of Fall Cankerworm (Alsophila pometaria (Harr.)) with Winter Moth (Operophtera brumata (Linn.)) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent90538-9 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 90 (9) ◽

pp. 538-540 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. C. Smith

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Life Histories ◽

Quercus Rubra ◽

Acer Platanoides ◽

Operophtera Brumata ◽

Ulmus Americana ◽

Winter Moth ◽

The Third ◽

Norway Maple ◽

Fall Cankerworm

The fall cankerworm, Alsophila pometaria (Harr.), and the winter moth, Operophtera brumata (Linn.), both feed to a great extent on the same tree species and prefer apple, Malus spp., red oak, Quercus rubra L., basswood, Tilia spp., white elm, Ulmus americana L., and Norway maple, Acer platanoides L. They also have similar life-histories and habits (Smith 1950 and 1953). Both lay their eggs on the trees in the fall and overwinter in this stage. The eggs hatch about the same time and the larvae of (both species mature about the third week in June. They drop to the ground and form cocoons at a depth of about an inch. The adults emerge about the same time, commencing usually during the last week in October and continuing until early December or until the ground freezes.

Download Full-text

Leaf traits and gas exchange in saplings of native tree species in the Central Amazon

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162010000600002 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 67 (6) ◽

pp. 624-632 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Keila Rego Mendes ◽

Ricardo Antonio Marenco

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Nitrogen Content ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Tree Species ◽

Leaf Traits ◽

Leaf Nitrogen ◽

Dry Season ◽

Leaf Thickness ◽

Rainfall Regime ◽

Leaf Nitrogen Content

Global climate models predict changes on the length of the dry season in the Amazon which may affect tree physiology. The aims of this work were to determine the effect of the rainfall regime and fraction of sky visible (FSV) at the forest understory on leaf traits and gas exchange of ten rainforest tree species in the Central Amazon, Brazil. We also examined the relationship between specific leaf area (SLA), leaf thickness (LT), and leaf nitrogen content on photosynthetic parameters. Data were collected in January (rainy season) and August (dry season) of 2008. A diurnal pattern was observed for light saturated photosynthesis (Amax) and stomatal conductance (g s), and irrespective of species, Amax was lower in the dry season. However, no effect of the rainfall regime was observed on g s nor on the photosynthetic capacity (Apot, measured at saturating [CO2]). Apot and leaf thickness increased with FSV, the converse was true for the FSV-SLA relationship. Also, a positive relationship was observed between Apot per unit leaf area and leaf nitrogen content, and between Apot per unit mass and SLA. Although the rainfall regime only slightly affects soil moisture, photosynthetic traits seem to be responsive to rainfall-related environmental factors, which eventually lead to an effect on Amax. Finally, we report that little variation in FSV seems to affect leaf physiology (Apot) and leaf anatomy (leaf thickness).

Download Full-text

OVERSPREADING OF VISCUM ALBUM L. ON HONEY PLANTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF VINNYTSIA REGION

Agriculture and Forestry ◽

10.37128/2707-5826-2019-3-4-16 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 195-202

Author(s):

Serhii Razanov ◽

Volodymyr Nedashkivskyi

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽

Viscum Album ◽

Tilia Cordata ◽

Acer Platanoides ◽

Local Damage ◽

Acer Campestre ◽

Tilia Platyphyllos ◽

Robinia Pseudoacacia L ◽

Forest Lands

The intensity of damaging the nectar and pollen trees of forest lands, parks and woods in the conditions of Vinnytsia region has been studied. It has been found that in the zones of the highest local overspreading of Viscum album L. on the nectar and pollen trees, the following sequence of their damage is observed, in particular, in the conditions of forest lands: Tilia cordata L.-Tilia platyphyllos L. -Acer platanoides L.- Acer tataricum L.; in the parks: Acer platanoides L.- Acer tataricum L.- Tilia cordata L.- Acer campestre L.- Tilia platyphyllos L. - Robinia pseudoacacia L.; in the woods: Robinia pseudoacacia L. - Tilia platyphyllos L. - Acer tataricum L. It depended both on the composition of the nectar and pollen trees and their number in the area of distribution of the parasite. It was found that the level of damage to the nectar-dust-bearing trees of forest lands, parks and forest strips was respectively within 11.7% - 34.6%, 28.5% - 85.5% and 38.4% - 84.8%. Characterizing the intensity of distribution of white mistletoe within the forest lands, it should be noted that damage to the Tilia cordata L. – 34,6%, Tilia platyphyllos L. – 23,5%, Acer platanoides L. and Acer tataricum L.– 25,0% and 11,7% . In the conditions of park plantations, damage to Viscum album L.: Tilia cordta– 51,6%, Tilia platyphyllos L. – 52,9%, Viscum album L. – 28,5%, Acer platanoides L. – 85,5%, Acer campestre L. – 71,4% and Acer tataricum L.– 63,6%. Analysis of the intensity of Viscum album L. distribution on the nectar-pollen-bearing trees of the forest area under the highways showed that this parasite was damaged: Tilia platyphyllos L. – 38,4%, Viscum album L. – 84%, Acer campestre L. – 42,8%. The intensity of damage to nectar-pollen was found to depend on the dominant tree species in the area of local Viscum album L. In the woodland, a greater proportion of the nectar-bearing trees were Tilia, in the park zones – Acer platanoides L. and in the forest strips -– Viscum album L., at the same time, and a larger percentage were observed of damaged trees in these species. The distribution of Viscum album L. depended not only on the breed of nectar-pollen-bearing trees, but also on the number of trees of a particular variety in the area of their local damage by this parasite.

Download Full-text

Assessment of adaptive capacity of native and adventive species of trees and shrubs in Dnipro region

Питання степового лісознавства та лісової рекультивації земель ◽

10.15421/442102 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 ◽

pp. 12-21

Author(s):

I. A. Ivanko ◽

A. F. Kulik

Keyword(s):

Invasive Species ◽

Peroxidase Activity ◽

Tree Species ◽

Native Species ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Morus Alba ◽

Acer Platanoides ◽

Ulmus Pumila ◽

Acer Negundo ◽

Ulmus Laevis

Nowadays, deterioration and loss of ecological functions of urban tree and shrub plantations take place in Europe and, in particular, in Ukraine; it was noted that their number is insufficient to counteract the negative impact of global climate change and protect the population against industrial pollution effects. The issue of resistance of native and adventitious tree species used in the plantations of industrial cities remains relevant; it necessitates the assessment of physiological and biochemical aspects of their adaptation to extreme environmental factors, such as moisture limit in the steppe zone, periodic dangerously low winter temperatures and anthropo-technogenic load (in large urban agglomerations). In order to optimize the assortment of tree species of large megalopolises of the steppe zone of Ukraine and determine their potential resistance to anthropogenic pressures the study was conducted in conditionally clean forest biogeocenoses of the Samara River levee zone and in artificial plantations on the territories located in the coastal zone of the Dnipro River within 1500 m from the Prydneprovskaya thermal electric station (PTES, Dnipro city). It well known that the TPP is the source of atmospheric air pollution by such heavy metals as lead and cadmium. A study of the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes in leaves of native and adventive tree species showed that in the zone of Prydneprovskaya TES impact there was an increase of guaiacol peroxidase activity in Acer platanoides, Ulmus minor, Morus alba; benzidine peroxidase in Acer negundo, Ulmus laevis, Acer platanoides; catalase in A. platanoides, A. negundo, U. laevis, Ulmus pumila and Robinia pseudoasasia. High peroxidase activity, which is complemented by higher catalase activity, indicates the relative resistance of these species to atropo-technogenic pressures supported by antioxidant defense mechanisms. Total chlorophyll content (Chla + Chlb) in leaves of native species Ulmus laevis, Acer platanoides and adventive Morus alba decreased in the zone of TPP impact in relation to conditionally clean areas. The ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b in contaminated areas significantly increased in leaves of native species Ulmus laevis, Ulmus minor, Acer platanoides compared with control. The invasive species Acer negundo, Morus alba, Ulmus pumila had no significant changes in this indicator. In invasive species such as Ulmus pumila, Acer negundo there was an increase in leaf mass, which may indicate adaptation of these species to anthropogenically altered growth conditions.

Download Full-text

Growth, morphology, and biomass allocation of recently planted seedlings of seven European tree species along a light gradient

iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry ◽

10.3832/ifor3370-013 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 261-269

Author(s):

I Bebre ◽

P Annighöfer ◽

C Ammer ◽

D Seidel

Keyword(s):

Biomass Allocation ◽

Tree Species ◽

Growth Morphology ◽

Light Gradient

Download Full-text

Genetic Variability in Two Tree Species, Acer platanoides L. and Betula pendula Roth, With Contrasting Life-history Traits

Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1080/02827580310015422 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 320-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Gösta Eriksson ◽

Sanna Black-samuelsson ◽

Martin Jensen ◽

Tor Myking ◽

Mari Rusanen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

Tree Species ◽

Betula Pendula ◽

Life History Traits ◽

Acer Platanoides ◽

Betula Pendula Roth

Download Full-text

Impact of Fraxinus excelsior dieback on biota of ash-associated lichen epiphytes at the landscape and community level

Biodiversity and Conservation ◽

10.1007/s10531-019-01890-w ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 431-450 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Anna Łubek ◽

Martin Kukwa ◽

Patryk Czortek ◽

Bogdan Jaroszewicz

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Landscape Scale ◽

Community Level ◽

Fraxinus Excelsior ◽

Epiphytic Lichens ◽

Ash Dieback ◽

Epiphytic Lichen ◽

Alternative Hosts ◽

Rich Diversity ◽

Lichen Biota

Abstract The landscape-scale extinction of a tree species may have a negative impact on diversity of associated epiphytic species. We used ordination and hierarchical clustering methods to assess landscape and the community level effects of reduction in the abundance of European ash Fraxinus excelsior, caused by ash dieback, on the associated epiphytic lichen biota in Białowieża Forest (Poland)—the best preserved forest complex in Central Europe. At the landscape level ash decline impact on the biota of ash-associated epiphytic lichens was weak, due to the high diversity of tree species, which may serve as potential alternative hosts. At this level, oak and hornbeam are the most important alternative hosts, assuring the maintenance of ash-associated epiphytic lichens. Lime, alder, and hazel appeared to be less important but still may serve as substitute phorophytes to approximately 2/3 of the ash-associated lichen biota. About 90% of epiphytic biota are likely to survive on the landscape scale. However, at the community level of alder-ash floodplain forest, where ash was dominant, about 50% of ash-associated epiphytic lichen species are threatened by ash dieback. Our results highlight the importance of a spatial scale in conservation biology. Protection of large forest areas with rich diversity of phorophyte trees increases chances of survival of the associated epiphytic organisms.

Download Full-text

Initial Survival and Development of Planted European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Small-Leaved Lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) Seedlings Competing with Black Cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.)

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9060677 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 677

Author(s):

Sarah L. Hasstedt ◽

Peter Annighöfer

Keyword(s):

Fagus Sylvatica ◽

Tree Species ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Light Availability ◽

European Beech ◽

Prunus Serotina ◽

Tilia Cordata ◽

Black Cherry ◽

Light Gradient ◽

Fagus Sylvatica L

Black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) is considered one of the most invasive tree species in central Europe and causes problems for both nature conservation and silviculture. Besides mechanical control treatments, a suggested control method to prevent its ongoing spread is to underplant shade-tolerant native tree species. Therefore, we combined two mechanical treatments, with underplanting of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) or small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) on fenced and unfenced plots. After the first growing season, survival rates were evaluated, and selected seedlings were destructively harvested to analyze their growth performance and leaf morphology in association with the different light regimes resulting from mechanical treatments Survival rates for both seedlings were very high (>95%). Survival rates were higher on fenced plots than on unfenced plots, most likely as result of browsing. The mortality of F. sylvatica decreased with increasing light availability on fenced plots. The mortality of T. cordata did not change along the light gradient. After one vegetation period no differences with respect to biomass allocation could be detected along the light gradient. However, the specific leaf areas of both species responded similarly, decreasing with increasing light availability. In summary, both species were able to establish and survive in the dense P. serotina understory and might have the potential to outcompete the invasive alien species in the long run.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of O3 Effects on Cumulative Photosynthetic CO2 Uptake in Seedlings of Four Japanese Deciduous Broad-Leaved Forest Tree Species Based on Stomatal O3 Uptake

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10070556 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 556 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Masahiro Yamaguchi ◽

Yoshiyuki Kinose ◽

Hideyuki Matsumura ◽

Takeshi Izuta

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Tree Species ◽

Net Primary Production ◽

Forest Tree ◽

Co2 Uptake ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Broad Leaved Forest ◽

Leaf Level ◽

Species Specific

The current level of tropospheric ozone (O3) is expected to reduce the net primary production of forest trees. Here, we evaluated the negative effects of O3 on the photosynthetic CO2 uptake of Japanese forest trees species based on their cumulative stomatal O3 uptake, defined as the phytotoxic O3 dose (POD). Seedlings of four representative Japanese deciduous broad-leaved forest tree species (Fagus crenata, Quercus serrata, Quercus mongolica var. crispula and Betula platyphylla var. japonica) were exposed to different O3 concentrations in open-top chambers for two growing seasons. The photosynthesis–light response curves (A-light curves) and stomatal conductance were measured to estimate the leaf-level cumulative photosynthetic CO2 uptake (ΣPn_est) and POD, respectively. The whole-plant-level ΣPn_est were highly correlated with the whole-plant dry mass increments over the two growing seasons. Because whole-plant growth is largely determined by the amount of leaf area per plant and net photosynthetic rate per leaf area, this result suggests that leaf-level ΣPn_est, which was estimated from the monthly A-light curves and hourly PPFD, could reflect the cumulative photosynthetic CO2 uptake of the seedlings per unit leaf area. Although the O3-induced reductions in the leaf-level ΣPn_est were well explained by POD in all four tree species, species-specific responses of leaf-level ΣPn_est to POD were observed. In addition, the flux threshold appropriate for the linear regression of the responses of relative leaf-level ΣPn_est to POD was also species-specific. Therefore, species-specific responses of cumulative photosynthetic CO2 uptake to POD could be used to accurately evaluate O3 impact on the net primary production of deciduous broad-leaved trees.

Download Full-text