scholarly journals Nursery fertilisation affects the frost-tolerance and plant quality of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. cuttings

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 865-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Fernández ◽  
Celia Marcos ◽  
Raúl Tapias ◽  
Federico Ruiz ◽  
Gustavo López
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Plant Quality

Pollen treatment for mutation induction in Eucalyptus globulus ssp. globulus (Myrtaceae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. McManus ◽  
J. Sasse ◽  
C. K. Blomstedt ◽  
G. Bossinger
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Mutation Induction ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Fruit Abortion ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Reproductive Cycles ◽  
Short Time

Mutation induction has played an integral role in the improvement of most commercially important crop species but has not been successfully applied to tree species because of their long reproductive cycles which hinder the use of the traditional seed-treatment approaches. Treatment of pollen with a chemical mutagen prior to pollination will, theoretically, allow stable, heterozygous mutant trees to be produced in a relatively short time and might facilitate mutagenesis of tree species. As the first step in testing this hypothesis, a controlled-pollination trial with chemically treated pollen was conducted in Eucalyptus globulus ssp. globulus (Labill.). Assessment of fruit, seed and seedlings from more than 500 pollinations associated mutagenic treatment of pollen with a significant reduction in seed set. Non-significant increases in capsule (fruit) abortion, the inhibition of seed germination and the incidence of aberration in seedlings were also noted. We argue that pollen treatment may be a useful means of producing Eucalyptus mutants with variation in flowering time, salinity and frost tolerance, lignification and other traits of scientific and economic importance.

Changes in arthropod community but not plant quality benefit a specialist herbivore on plant under reduced water availability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Po-An Lin ◽  
Chia-Ming Liu ◽  
Jia-Ang Ou ◽  
Cheng-Han Sun ◽  
Wen-Po Chuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Pieris Rapae ◽  
Plant Quality ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Insect Herbivores ◽  
Specialist Herbivore ◽  
Herbivore Community ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Reduced Water

AbstractPlants grow under reduced water availability can have divergent effects on insect herbivores, in some instances producing benefits to them. However, the forces mediating these positive impacts remain mostly unclear. We conducted a manipulative field study using a specialist herbivore Pieris rapae, and its host plant, Rorippa indica, in two populations to identify how water availability impacts overall plant quality and multitrophic interactions. We observed that R. indica growing under low water availability led to higher survival of P. rapae larvae. The increase in survival of eggs and larvae was related to the reduced abundance of other herbivores and natural enemies. Water availability had differential impacts on members of the herbivore community through changes in plant quality. Low water availability decreased the quality of R. indica to most herbivores as indicated by reduced abundance in the field and decreased relative growth rate in feeding assays. In contrast, the performance of P. rapae larvae were not affected by differences in sympatric R. indica grown under different water availability. These results indicate that local P. rapae possess some physiological adaptation to overcome fluctuations in host quality. Our findings illustrate that reduced water availability is beneficial to a specialist herbivore, but detrimental to most other herbivores. Our work highlights the complex roles of the arthropod communities associated with plants in determining the impacts of water availability on insect herbivores.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF THE VARIETIES WITH DIFFERENT ECOLOGICAL ORIGIN ACCORDING TO THEIR MAIN TRAITS AND PROPERTIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Kameneva ◽  
N. E. Samofalova ◽  
N. P. Ilichkina ◽  
T. S. Makarova ◽  
О. А. Dubinina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Environmental Test ◽  
High Yields ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The article presents the results of productivity and grain quality of 47 winter durum wheat varieties of various ecological origin studied in 2016–2018. All studied samples belong to semi-dwarf and dwarf forms (height of 61–105 cm). Semi-dwarf forms possessed high lodging resistance (3.9 points). The grain harvest of the main part (89.3%) of the samples ranged from 8.41 to 9.65 t/ha in the environmental test. Only three varieties (“Lazurit”, “Agat Donskoy”, “Andromeda”) in the winter durum wheat trial are characterized with high yields ranging from 9.65–10.0 t/ha. The yield of the standard variety of “Khristella” was 9.03 t / ha on average in 2016- 2018. The varieties “Kondor” (116.8%), “Zolotko” (123.0%), “Afina” (126.9%) showed high frost tolerance of the plants through the years of research, in comparison with the standard variety “Donchanka” (100%). In the ecological test the main part (68%) of winter durum wheat varieties possessed large grain. “1000-grain weight” was more than 40 g: “Amazon” (42.9 g), “Lazurit” (47.7 g), “Diona” (42.1 g), “Alyi Parus” (43.7 g), “Dnepryana” (45.4 g), “Krupinka” (46.9 g), etc. The studied samples had high percentage of protein (13.6–15.1%), gluten (22.8–27.0%), SDS-sedimentation (30–45 ml), carotenoids (468–779 μg/%), nature weight (777.0–819.0 g/l), kernel hardness (85–98%). The technical and culinary qualities of the pasta made from the main part of the samples were evaluated as excellent (the varieties “Donchanka”, “Oniks”, “Kiprida”, “Atoll”, “Kermen”, “Winter Gold”, etc.) and as good (the varieties “Teya”, “Eirena”, “Lazurit”, “Diona”, “Alyi Parus”, “Krupinka”, “Afina”, etc.).

scholarly journals Aceites esenciales para el control de Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) y efecto sobre la calidad del grano de maíz Zea mays Linnaeus (Poales: Poaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-652
Author(s):  
Francyelli Regina Costa-Becheleni ◽  
Carmen Lizette Del Toro-Sánchez ◽  
Francisco Javier Wong-Corral ◽  
María Del Refugio Robles-Burgueño ◽  
José Luis Cárdenas-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Melaleuca Quinquenervia ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Oregano Oil ◽  
Corn Grain

In order to find natural alternatives for the control of the weevil Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, the effect of niaouli (Melaleuca quinquenervia), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) and oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oils were studied on mortality, emergence and epellency of S. zeamais, as well as their effect on the grain quality of corn during storage (germination, amount of phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity). The technique used for the bioassays was saturation of atmospheres, in volumes of 100, 200 and 300 µL, having national white corn as substrate. The three oils showed 100% insecticidal activity at 72 hrs. The emergence of adult insects (F) was null in all treatments. Repellency was observed in all treatments at 24, 48 and 72 hrs. Germination was not affected in volumes of 100 µL. The content of total phenols and flavonoids were higher both in the oregano oil (94.68 mg GAE/g and 0.27 mg QE/g respectively) and in the corn treatment with oregano (16.09 mg GAE/g and 0.18 mg QE/g respectively). Similar behavior was observed in the antioxidant capacity in both DPPH and ABTS, presenting ranges from 76.31 to 93.73% inhibition. It is concluded that the three essential oils have potential for the control of S. zeamais, improving the quality of the corn grain.

An evaluation of the production potential of six tropical grasses under grazing. 2. Assessment of quality using variable stocking rates

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
TR Evans ◽  
JB Hacker
Keyword(s):  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Pasture Grasses ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
Setaria Sphacelata ◽  
Digitaria Eriantha ◽  
Kikuyu Grass

The potential quality of the 6 pasture grasses Setaria sphacelata var. sericea cvv. Nandi, Kazungula and Narok and var. splendida, Digitaria eriantha ssp. pentzii (pangola grass), and Pennisetum clandestinum cv. Whittet (kikuyu grass) was assessed in terms of liveweight gain of beef cattle, using a leader and follower grazing system. Pasture management was designed to provide adequate quantities of young leaf to the leaders throughout the year. This was achieved by rotational grazing and weekly adjustment of the number of followers, depending on quantity of feed available. Annual liveweight gain of the leaders (kg/steer.year) ranged from 135 (kikuyu grass) to 159 (cv. Narok) (540-636 kg/ha.year). Differences between grasses on an annual basis and over summer were not statistically significant (P = 0.12), although significant differences in liveweight gain of leaders - - - were obtained during the winter. This was associated with differences between grasses in growth at lower temperatures, and in frost tolerance. Liveweight gain of the follower group was markedly higher for pangola grass and var. splendida (272 kg/ha.year) than for the other varieties (77-140 kg/ha.year). This difference was associated with differences in number of grazing days and in the superior liveweight gain per head of followers grazing pangola grass and splendida. Liveweight gain of leaders per annum was comparable for years 1 and 2 but fell dramatically from February to August in year 3. This was associated with high rainfall, reduced solar radiation, and a decrease in in vitro digestibility of plucked leaf of all setaria varieties but not of pangola or kikuyu grasses. The relatively low liveweight gains obtained in year 3 were not associated with any overall mineral or protein deficiency.

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