Changes in arthropod community but not plant quality benefit a specialist herbivore on plant under reduced water availability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Po-An Lin ◽  
Chia-Ming Liu ◽  
Jia-Ang Ou ◽  
Cheng-Han Sun ◽  
Wen-Po Chuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Pieris Rapae ◽  
Plant Quality ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Insect Herbivores ◽  
Specialist Herbivore ◽  
Herbivore Community ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Reduced Water

AbstractPlants grow under reduced water availability can have divergent effects on insect herbivores, in some instances producing benefits to them. However, the forces mediating these positive impacts remain mostly unclear. We conducted a manipulative field study using a specialist herbivore Pieris rapae, and its host plant, Rorippa indica, in two populations to identify how water availability impacts overall plant quality and multitrophic interactions. We observed that R. indica growing under low water availability led to higher survival of P. rapae larvae. The increase in survival of eggs and larvae was related to the reduced abundance of other herbivores and natural enemies. Water availability had differential impacts on members of the herbivore community through changes in plant quality. Low water availability decreased the quality of R. indica to most herbivores as indicated by reduced abundance in the field and decreased relative growth rate in feeding assays. In contrast, the performance of P. rapae larvae were not affected by differences in sympatric R. indica grown under different water availability. These results indicate that local P. rapae possess some physiological adaptation to overcome fluctuations in host quality. Our findings illustrate that reduced water availability is beneficial to a specialist herbivore, but detrimental to most other herbivores. Our work highlights the complex roles of the arthropod communities associated with plants in determining the impacts of water availability on insect herbivores.

Changes in arthropod community but not plant quality benefit a specialist herbivore on plants under reduced water availability

Oecologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 195 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-396
Author(s):  
Po-An Lin ◽  
Chia-Ming Liu ◽  
Jia-Ang Ou ◽  
Cheng-Han Sun ◽  
Wen-Po Chuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Plant Quality ◽  
Arthropod Community ◽  
Specialist Herbivore ◽  
Reduced Water

scholarly journals Effect of elevated CO2 concentration, nitrogen nutrition and reduced water availability on malting quality of spring barley

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-254
Author(s):  
Ján Šimor ◽  
Vratislav Psota ◽  
Karel Klem
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Malting Quality ◽  
Elevated Co2 Concentration ◽  
Reduced Water

A multifactorial field experiment in an open-top chamber facility at the experimental station Domaninek was conducted in 2014 to understand the potential effects of climate change factors on the malting quality of spring barley and to evaluate the interactions of these factors with nitrogen nutrition. The results showed a major effect of nitrogen nutrition on malting quality. Nitrogen increased the protein content and impaired the key malting quality parameters such as a relative extract or Kolbach index. Elevated CO2 concentration had a generally positive effect on malting quality and alleviated the negative impact of nitrogen nutrition particularly. Reduced water availability had only a minor impact on malting quality; however, these effects were predominantly positive.

Paepalanthus fabianeae (Eriocaulaceae): A New Microendemic Species from a Morphologically Coherent Clade

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 794-801
Author(s):  
Caroline Oliveira Andrino ◽  
Marcelo Fragomeni Simon ◽  
Jair Eustáquio Quintino Faria ◽  
André Luiz da Costa Moreira ◽  
Paulo Takeo Sano
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Espinhaço Range ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract—We describe and illustrate Paepalanthus fabianeae, a new species of Eriocaulaceae from the central portion of the Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Previous phylogenetic evidence based on analyses of nuclear (ITS and ETS) and plastid (trnL-trnF and psba-trnH) sequences revealed P. fabianeae as belonging to a strongly supported and morphologically coherent clade containing five other species, all of them microendemic, restricted to the Espinhaço range. Due to the infrageneric classification of Paepalanthus being highly artificial, we preferred not assigning P. fabianeae to any infrageneric group. Paepalanthus fabianeae is known from two populations growing in campos rupestres (highland rocky fields) in the meridional Espinhaço Range. The species is characterized by pseudodichotomously branched stems, small, linear, recurved, and reflexed leaves, urceolate capitula, and bifid stigmas. Illustrations, photos, the phylogenetic position, and a detailed description, as well as comments on habitat, morphology, and affinities with similar species are provided. The restricted area of occurrence allied with threats to the quality of the habitat, mainly due to quartzite mining, justifies the preliminary classification of the new species in the Critically Endangered (CR) category using the guidelines and criteria of the IUCN Red List.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF PATIENTS’ EXAMINATION WITH UNSATISFACTORY ORTHOPEDIC TREATMENT RESULTS OF HARD TISSUES OF TEETH AND DENTAL ROWS OF NON-REMOVABLE DENTURES

2018 ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
I.N. Yarina
Keyword(s):  
Dental Materials ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Orthopedic Treatment ◽  
Dental Patients ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Hard Tissues ◽  
Intermediate Part

Nowadays, the problem of prosthetic with non-removable orthopedic structures is quite common and is widely described in domestic and foreign literature. Prosthetics of non-removable structures of prosthetics has a number of advantages: complete rehabilitation of biting function, chewing efficiency, aesthetic norm of a smile. Invisible prosthesis designs, usually small in size, have a short period of psychological and physiological adaptation, which has a good reflection on their long-term use by the patient. The examination of dental patients in the clinic of orthopedic dentistry with unsatisfactory results of prosthetic dentures after 5 years with orthopedic treatment allowed to highlight the main indicators of inapplicability regarding the further use of dentures in terms of biocompatibility, mechanical strength and aesthetic properties. The main aim of the study was to improve the quality of patients’ treatment by identifying the causes of treatment complications by an orthopedist using the method of comparative analysis during the examination of patients with unsatisfactory results of dentures using permanent dentures. To identify the causes of complications of orthopedic treatment, a clinical examination of patients with unsatisfactory results of treatment with permanent constructions of dentures on a cast base was performed. The criteria for evaluation were the following indicators: bad breath, gums pain and bleeding, pain and mobility of the supporting teeth, pain under the intermediate part, metallic taste, pain in the blood vessel, darkening of the lining, chipping the lining, obscuring gums, excessive abrasion, and cleavage. From anamnesis and records in the history of the disease, the period of difficulty was determined. Our research results indicate that a significant part of ineffective treatment is due to the wrong choice of auxiliary and structural materials. Given that the choice of materials is performed arbitrarily, in almost half of cases, taking into account the wishes of patients and their financial capabilities, including the physical, mechanical and clinical and technological characteristics of dental materials, in our opinion, it is necessary to create a computer model of rational choice of material, therapeutic and prophylactic measures to improve the effectiveness of orthopedic treatment for patients with defects in hard tissues of teeth and dentition with non-removable structures. The complex of the following studies will allow the orthopedic dentist to continue improving the quality of patients’ treatment at the clinical stages of treatment with non-removable dentures.

scholarly journals Peningkatan Produktivitas Usaha Pengeringan Tepung Sagu Masyarakat melalui Introduksi Teknologi Tepat Guna di Kalimantan Barat

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-202
Author(s):  
Sholahuddin Sholahuddin ◽  
Josua Parulian Hutajulu ◽  
Evi Gusmayanti
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Water Filtration ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Washing Process

Potentially, production of dried sago starch in Desa Arang Limbung, Sungai Raya, Kubu Raya District can be increased in term of quality and quantity. To achieve these, several problems have to be solved, i.e clean water availability for washing sago starch, washing mechanization to increase production capacity, and drying machine that efficient in operation and investment. Through IbM grant 2017, we have installed water filtration, sago washer, and solar dryer with greenhouse effect concept. Water filtration significantly increase the quality of water for use in washing sago starch and resulted in improved quality of sago starch. Mechanization of sago washing process and implementation of greenhouse effect dryer have increase capacity and efficiency of sago starch production. Generally, the introduced technology has been supported and accepted by stakeholder in Desa Arang Limbung. Further, the technology may support government policy in accelaration of food consumption diversity based on local resources.

scholarly journals VARIEDADES DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR SUBMETIDAS A DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE REPOSIÇÃO HÍDRICA POR GOTEJAMENTO SUBSUPERFICIAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-363
Author(s):  
Anderson Ramos de Oliveira ◽  
Marcos Brandão Braga
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Sugarcane Juice ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
Raw Sugar ◽  
Technological Quality ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

VARIEDADES DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR SUBMETIDAS A DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE REPOSIÇÃO HÍDRICA POR GOTEJAMENTO SUBSUPERFICIAL   ANDERSON RAMOS DE OLIVEIRA1, MARCOS BRANDÃO BRAGA2   1 Embrapa Semiárido, Rodovia BR-428, Km 152, Zona Rural, 56302-970, Petrolina, PE, Brasil, [email protected] 2 Embrapa Hortaliças, Rodovia BR-060, Km 09, Fazenda Tamanduá, 70275-970, Brasília, DF, Brasil, [email protected]   RESUMO: A região semiárida brasileira apresenta grande potencial de produção de cana-de-açúcar. Contudo, verifica-se que existem oscilações na produção devido à baixa e irregular disponibilidade hídrica. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o comportamento de variedades de cana-de-açúcar irrigadas por gotejamento subsuperficial submetidas a diferentes lâminas de irrigação. O experimento foi conduzido no Campo Experimental de Bebedouro, na Embrapa Semiárido, em Petrolina, PE. Foram realizadas análises de produtividade e de qualidade tecnológica do caldo. As variedades com maior tolerância ao déficit hídrico foram RB92579 e RB961003, pois alcançam máxima produtividade utilizando-se menor lâmina de reposição hídrica, em torno de 80% da ETc. A qualidade tecnológica do caldo apontou diferenças no °Brix e na porcentagem bruta de açúcares das variedades que reduziram em função do aumento da reposição hídrica. Contudo, estas diferenças não foram limitantes à qualidade tecnológica. Sendo assim, o cultivo das variedades RB92579 e RB961003 sob menor lâmina de reposição hídrica pode ser recomendado, pois as mesmas atingem alta produtividade e mantém a qualidade tecnológica do caldo.   Palavras-chave: biomassa, irrigação, estresse hídrico, regiões semiáridas.   SUGARCANE VARIETIES SUBMITTED TO DIFFERENT WATER REPLENISHMENT DEPTHS BY SUBSURFACE DRIP   ABSTRACT: Brazilian semi-arid region presents great potential for sugarcane production. However, due mainly to low and irregular water availability, there are fluctuations in production. This study proposed to evaluate the performance of sugarcane varieties irrigated by subsurface drip, submitted to different water replenishment depths. The experiment was carried out at Campo Experimental de Bebedouro, belonging to Embrapa Semiárido, Petrolina, PE, Brazil. Productivity and technological quality of sugarcane juice analysis were performed. The varieties with higher tolerance to water deficit were RB92579 and RB961003, which reached maximum productivity using lower water replenishment depths of ETc, around 80%. Technological quality of sugarcane juice showed differences in °Brix and raw sugar percentage of varieties that reduced due to water replacement depths increasing. However, these differences were not limiting to the technological quality of sugarcane juice. In summary, the cultivation of RB961003 and RB92579 cultivars under lower water replenishment depth can be recommended, because they maintain the technological quality of sugarcane juice.   Keywords: biomass, irrigation, water stress, semi-arid regions.

scholarly journals Perception of Aesthetic Impairment in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis: A Case Control Study Using a Semi-Quantitative Scale for Body Image Assessment.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Méryem-Maud Farhat ◽  
Pierre Guerreschi ◽  
Sandrine Morell-Dubois ◽  
Valérie Deken ◽  
Julien Labreuche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Image Assessment ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a fibrotic disease. Assessment of body image could be central in optimizing care. Yet, data are scarce. The main objective was to assess perception of aesthetic impairment using a visual aesthetic scale (AES) in patients with SSc compared to healthy subjects. Secondary objectives were to assess associations between perception of aesthetic impairment and standardized questionnaires for aesthetic impairment as well as clinical, psychological/quality of life, and functional parameters of SSc. Methods: This study evaluated and compared perception of aesthetic impairment in two populations: patients with SSc, in a referral center at Lille Hospital, France, and healthy controls. Results: This study included 88 patients (69 [78.4%] women) with a median age of 52 years and 88 controls (49 [55.7%] women) with a median age of 45 years. Perception of aesthetic impairment assessed using the AES was poorer in patients than in controls (3.7 ± 0.3 vs 2.8 ± 0.3, p=0.028), with statistical correlation with ASWAP. Patients with anxiety or depressive symptoms had significantly higher AES scores. Conclusion: The AES appears to be an ease of use tool to evaluate body image. Correlations found with psychological and quality of life parameters reflect the importance of these parameters for body image evaluation and its complex assessment.Trials registration: NCT03271320

scholarly journals Institutions, Norms, and Accountability: A Corruption Experiment with Northern and Southern Italians

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Institutional Environments ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Group I ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Quality Enforcement

AbstractAnti-corruption research has highlighted the potential for grassroots monitoring to improve governance outcomes, but the conditions under which citizens are willing to report bribery remain under-studied. Are individuals from some societies socialized into a “culture of corruption” that makes them more accepting of malfeasance, or is the failure to denounce wrongdoing simply a response to low-quality enforcement institutions? I conduct a laboratory experiment to examine how the propensity to report corruption differs between Northern and Southern Italians, two populations experiencing different levels of corruption in everyday life. For each group, I experimentally manipulate the quality of enforcement institutions. When given high-quality institutions, all participants are more willing to report corruption. Moreover, Southerners and Northerners behave similarly when placed within the same institutional environments. These results suggest that high-corruption societies are not “culturally” predisposed to tolerate malfeasance. Rather, improving the capacity of enforcement institutions may significantly strengthen accountability norms.

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